This study investigates the factors that were important in the failure of 36 banks in 1997-2006. The study uses cross-section time series data from 81 banks and employs limited dependent variable models, a duration model and a dynamic panel data model in the analysis. The major concerns are to examine the determinants of banking failures by explaining the contribution of microeconomic and macroeconomic factors in Turkish banking system, to estimate the likelihood of banking failure and timing of failure, to analyze survival time path of failed and non-failed banks separately and to construct the degree of fragility of overall banking system. Furthermore, the determinants of bank profitability and the effects of bank-specific factors and macroeconomic conditions on bank profitability are analyzed by using dynamic panel data model.

This thesis aims to understand the role of interest rate setting behavior of the banks for the transmission of technology, monetary policy and loan rate shocks into the real economy. To this end, we introduce a monopolistically competitive banking sector into a New Keynesian model. Here, each bank can change its loan rate only infrequently in the fashion of Calvo type staggered contract. This setting implies that the adjustment of the aggregate loan rate is sticky, which is consistent with the empirical evidence. The results show that having sticky adjustment in the loan market changes the dynamics of the model significantly. Following each shock, the sluggish adjustment of the loan rate affects the amount of loan used by the borrowers considerably. This is the main reason behind the differentials across the impulse responses of the model with sticky loan rate and flexible loan rate.

<p>South Korea experienced a financial crisis in 1997 after more than 30 years of fast eco-nomic growth. During the crisis its gross domestic product (GDP) decreased sharply and many enterprises went bankrupt. The stated-owned banks in South Korea suffered huge losses and investors lost confidence in investing in the South Korean financial market. One result of the crisis reveals the weakness of the South Korean economy- government intervention in the banking sector.</p><p>This paper provides the reason for the financial crisis in 1997 in the introduction sec-tion. The following section is a theoretical framework, in which we have presented two macroeconomic models: the Solow model-growth accounting formula and the Ricardo-Viner model. With empirical findings, we show how the South Korean government re-sponded after the crisis with three approaches to banking reform. We include the two macroeconomic models in the analysis of how the three approaches affected the eco-nomic growth in South Korea during the reform process in the analysis section. Finally, we conclude that the South Korean banking sector reform has provided a success and briefly discuss how China should implement the South Korean useful experiences into its ongoing process of banking sector reform.</p>

Η εργασία που ακολουθεί εξετάζει την χρησιμότητα και την έκταση χρήσης του οικονομικού προγραµµατισµού σε περιόδους χρηματοοικονομικής κρίσης, στον Ελληνικό Τραπεζικό κλάδο. Η έρευνα πραγματοποιήθηκε χρησιμοποιώντας βιβλιογραφική επισκόπηση και συλλέγοντας στοιχεία και ευρήματα κατόπιν έρευνας, ενώ για την πληρέστερη ενημέρωση και κατανόηση του θέματος από τον συγγραφέα, πραγματοποιήθηκαν και κάποιες προσωπικές συναντήσεις του ιδίου με στελέχη του Τραπεζικού κλάδου, προκειμένου να προκύψουν κάποια ποιοτικά χαρακτηριστικά που βοήθησαν στην ποικιλομορφία και ευρύτητα της έρευνας. Από την έρευνα προκύπτουν σημαντικά συµπεράσµατα εκ των οποίων τα κυριότερα είναι ότι οι Ελληνικές τράπεζες ακολουθούν γενικότερα διαδικασίες budgeting, η διαδικασία του οικονομικού προγραμματισμού χαρακτηρίζεται εξαιρετικά κρίσιμη ιδιαίτερα σε περιόδους σφοδρής χρηματοοικονομικής κρίσης όπως αυτή που διανύουμε. Ο ρόλος των τµηµάτων και των υπευθύνων της διαδικασίας αποκτά ολοένα μεγαλύτερη σημασία, καθώς οι τράπεζες κατευθύνουν την διαδικασία προς επιθυμητά επίπεδα όγκων και εσόδων για τα οποία έχουν δεσμευτεί στους μετόχους. Ακόμη οι σημαντικότεροι στόχοι της διαδικασίας είναι η πρόβλεψη των μεγεθών και η αύξηση της αποτελεσματικότητας των τραπεζών, όπως και ότι τα budgets µε τον τρόπο που καταρτίζονται αποτελούν το ιδανικό εργαλείο για επικοινωνία του οράματος της διοίκησης σε όλα τα επίπεδα του χρηματοπιστωτικού ιδρύματος. Η σημαντικότητα της μελέτης αυτής έγκειται κυρίως στο γεγονός ότι εξετάζεται ένας συγκεκριμένος κλάδος της Ελληνικής οικονομίας και η διαδικασία του budgeting μέσα σε αυτόν τον κλάδο. Το budgeting στο τραπεζικό χώρο δεν έχει χρησιμοποιηθεί ιδιαίτερα και με την παρούσα εργασία δίδεται κάποια έμφαση στο συγκεκριμένο αντικείμενο εξέτασης. Οι πληροφορίες, οι οποίες παρατίθενται είναι σημαντικές και δίνουν το έναυσμα για περαιτέρω διερεύνηση. Το τελευταίο διάστημα στο παγκόσμιο χρηματοοικονομικό σύστημα παρατηρείται η εξέλιξη μιας χρηματοοικονομικής κρίσης, της οποίας οι προεκτάσεις δεν έχουν ακόμα καθορισθεί. / The work that follows examines the usefulness and the extent of use of financial budgeting in periods of financial crisis, in the Greek Banking sector. The research was completed by using bibliographic review and by collecting elements and discoveries, while for the more complete briefing and understanding of the subject certain personal meetings took place with executives of the Greek Banking sector in order to obtain certain qualitative information that helped in the diversity and broadness of this research. The research showed considerable evidence and the most important is that the Greek banks generally follow processes of budgeting. The process of financial planning is extremely critical particularly in periods of intense financing crisis as the current one. The role of branches and the employees in charge of the process obtains significant importance, while the banks direct the process to desirable levels of volumes and income for which they have been committed to the shareholders. In addition the more important objectives of the procedure are the forecast of sizes and the increase of effectiveness of banks, as well as the way that budgets are used constitutes the ideal tool for the communication of the administration’s vision to all levels of financial institutions. The importance of this study lies mainly in the fact that a particular sector of the Greek economy is examined as well as the process of budgeting in this branch. Budgeting in the banking field has not been extensively used and with this present places additional emphasis in the particular object of examination. The information mentioned is important gives the spark for further investigation. Nowadays a development of economical crisis is observed the extensions of which still have not been determined.

Η παρούσα μελέτη εκπονήθηκε στα πλαίσια του Προγράμματος Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών «Νέες Αρχές Διοίκησης Επιχειρήσεων, ΜΒΑ». Σκοπός είναι η ανάλυση της αποδοτικότητας των Ελληνικών Εμπορικών Τραπεζικών Οργανισμών που είναι εισηγμένες στο Χρηματιστήριο Αθηνών, για το διάστημα 2006 – 2010, ουσιαστικά 2 χρόνια πριν και κατά τη διάρκεια της οικονομικής κρίσης, κι επιπλέον ο προσδιορισμός τρόπων βελτίωσης του βαθμού αξιοποίησης των διατιθέμενων πόρων από τις μη αποδοτικές μονάδες. Χρησιμοποιήθηκαν δυο μέθοδοι ανάλυσης, μέσω Αριθμοδεικτών αποδοτικότητας και η μέθοδος της Περιβάλλουσας Ανάλυσης Δεδομένων (DEA) και ειδικότερα στη δεύτερη περίπτωση επιλύθηκε σε δύο στάδια το μοντέλο CCR, CRS, input oriented. Αναλύθηκαν δύο περιπτώσεις, α) μόνο ενδογενείς μεταβλητές των εταιρειών και β) συμπεριελήφθησαν και εξωγενείς μακροοικονομικές μεταβλητές όπως Πληθωρισμός και ΑΕΠ, ώστε να περιγραφεί και η γενικότερη Οικονομική Κατάσταση. Τα αποτελέσματα της πρώτης μεθόδου, δείχνουν αρκετές τράπεζες να έχουν χαμηλή αποδοτικότητα Efficiency Ratio. Ωστόσο, οι επιμέρους αριθμοδείκτες ROA, ROE και NPM, καταδεικνύουν μη αποτελεσματική τη Geniki Bank κυρίως σε όλα τα έτη και τράπεζες όπως Ταχυδρομικό Ταμιευτήριο, T Bank, Proton Bank, Eurobank, σε συγκεκριμένα έτη κυρίως το 2008. Αξιοσημείωτη είναι η πολύ μεγάλη πτώση στις τιμές όλων των αριθμοδεικτών που αναλύθηκαν για την Αγροτική Τράπεζα της Ελλάδος, το 2010. Στην ανάλυση μέσω της DEA, τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν ότι όταν υπολογίζεται συνολική αποδοτικότητα, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη πολλαπλές εισροές και εκροές, οι τράπεζες σε γενικές γραμμές σε λειτουργικό επίπεδο είναι αποτελεσματικές. Στην πρώτη περίπτωση βγήκαν αναποτελεσματικές οι τράπεζες σε ποσοστό 20%. Από αυτές κυρίως αναποτελεσματική είναι και πάλι η Geniki Bank. Στην δεύτερη περίπτωση, λαμβάνοντας υπόψην τη γενικότερη Οικονομική κατάσταση, το ποσοστό των αναποτελεσματικών Τραπεζών μειώνεται σε μόλις 5%. Σε γενικές γραμμές, ο μεγάλος αριθμός των αποδοτικών μονάδων συνάδει και με τη διαίσθηση που είχαμε γενικότερα, αλλά και απ’ όσα ακούμε σχετικά με την οικονομική κρίση ότι αφενός οι τράπεζες δεν αποτελούν παράγοντα που συντελεί στην οικονομική κρίση και επιπλέον έχουν διαμορφώσει λειτουργικό πλαίσιο που μπορεί να αναπροσαρμόζεται σε όλες τις συνθήκες και να είναι αποδοτικό. / Τhis study was conducted as part of the Postgraduate Program "New Principles of Business Administration, MBA." The aim is to analyze the efficiency of Greek Commercial Bank Institutions listed on the Athens Stock Exchange for the period 2005 - 2010, basically 2 years before and during the financial crisis. There were used two methods of analysis through Efficiency Ratios and the method of Data Envelopment Analysis in the form of two stages model CCR, CRS, input oriented. We analyzed two cases with DEA: a) only discretionary variables and b) with the aid of non discretionary (macroeconomic) variables such as inflation and GDP, in order to describe the overall economic situation. The results of the first method show that several banks have low Efficiency Ratio. However, the ratios ROA, ROE and NPM, demonstrate mainly ineffective Geniki Bank in all years and Banks like TT, T Bank, Proton Bank and Eurobank, in particular years, especially in 2008. It is worth noting that there is very large decline of all ratios for the Agricultural Bank of Greece, in 2010. DEA results indicate that in the banking sector the operational level is effective. In the first case we found inefficient banks up to 20%. Of these most inefficient is the National Bank of Greece (50% in the study period), followed by Geniki Bank and Proton Bank (with a rate of 33.3% inefficiency in the study period). In the second case, the proportion of inefficient banks is reduced to only 11.67%. The difference lies mainly in the National Bank of Greece which in the second model is effective throughout the whole period under study. Generally, the large number of efficient units is consistent with the general sense, about the economic crisis that banks are not a contributing factor to the financial crisis and have developed an operational framework that can be adjusted in all situations and be effective.

The current volume of research in the field of High Performance Work Systems (HPWS) is focused on identifying the factors, which influence their effectiveness. The realisation that there is a need to move forwards from the structural aspects of HPWS towards understanding their implementation has led to two new sectors of research. The first sector is investigating the role of actors in implementation using aspects such as cross functionality, shared responsibility and interaction. Another sector is investigating the impact of contextual factors on the implementation of HPWS. This research has combined the two sectors and looks at the implementation of HPWS from the perspectives of both the actors and the environment. This research investigates how the interaction between actors affects the implementation of HPWS. Also how internal and external institutional factors affect this interaction as well as the implementation. This research is qualitatively based on an interpretivist paradigm. Case study research design was used to conduct the research. Two Saudi Arabian banks were selected as case studies. Data was collected using 54 semi-structured interviews and 61 focus group interviews. Data about implementation and the impact of institutional factors was obtained through semi-structured interviews with human resource managers, line managers and senior managers. Data about employee outcomes was obtained using focus group interviews with the employees. This research finds evidence of conflict between the intended and actual outcomes of HPWS in the Saudi banking sector due to institutional pressures. This research contributes and extends the growing body of research on HPWS implementation by including the interaction of actors and accounting for institutional pressures. The finding highlights that the combination of these two factors are contextual institutional conductors and contribute to diversity in the implementation of HPWS practices. The managerial benefit of this research is that its model can help practitioners to improve their social interaction conditions for better performance.

Guanxi, the Chinese term for social connections, has long been a key subject of interest in Chinese management research. Despite the conceptual and empirical efforts of earlier studies to address the nature, instrumentality, and managerial implications of guanxi, the extent to and the ways in which guanxi is deployed in the actual decision-making process in contemporary Chinese organisations remains ambiguous.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Esta dissertação avalia a evolução e estrutura do spread bancário ex-post no Brasil, no período 2000-2008, usando o método de decomposição contábil. Esta avaliação é feita em três partes. Na primeira estuda-se o setor bancário como um todo utilizando uma amostra de 30 bancos representando 89,8% do total de ativos do Consolidado bancário I (bancos comerciais e bancos múltiplos que tenham uma carteira comercial) no ano 2008. Na segunda a análise é realizada levando em conta as especificidades dos diferentes segmentos de bancos (grandes bancos varejistas, bancos varejistas públicos e bancos especializados em crédito), definidos considerando características como tamanho, tipo de negócio e clientela, característica do funding, etc., e ainda o controle de capital (público, privado nacional e estrangeiro). Por fim, numa terceira parte, considera-se, sobretudo o nicho do mercado de crédito que o banco atua. Esta segmentação do setor bancário permite avaliar a evolução do spread e sua decomposição, assim como comparar os diferentes segmentos do mercado de crédito no Brasil. A principal conclusão da dissertação é que a diferenciação da amostra de bancos por segmento ou por nicho de mercado tem implicações importantes para análise do nível e decomposição do spread bancário. / This dissertation evaluates the evolution and structure of the ex-post bank spread (net interest margin) in Brazil in the 2000-2008 period using the method of accounting decomposition. This evaluation is made in three parts. In the first one the banking sector is studied as a whole using a sample of 30 banks that involve 89.8% of the total assets of banking sector in 2008. In the second part an analysis is carried out taking in account the peculiarities of the different segments of banks (great retail banks, public retail banks and banks specialized in credit), defined considering a set of features that include size, type of business and clientele, characteristic of funding, and the capital ownership (public, private domestic and foreign one). Finally, in a third part, it is considered the niche of the credit market that the bank acts. This segmentation of the banking sector allows us to evaluate the evolution of spread and its decomposition, as well as comparing the different segments of the credit market in Brazil. The main conclusion of the dissertation is that to divide the sample of banks according to the segment or niche of market has important implications for the analysis of the level and decomposition of bank spread.

Abstract Background Since the emergence of digital banking, the financial sector has experienced a significant transformation in both how business is conducted and how services are provided to customers. Previous literature has examined how new technologies and the digitalization of banks' customer service affect customer loyalty. Although, since virtual agents acting as service providers in the banking sector is a relatively new phenomenon, there is limited research concerning the implications it will have on the bank-customer relationship. Hence, the novelty and relevance of the topic makes it interesting for further research.    Purpose Through the identified underlying factors affecting customer loyalty, the purpose of this study is to examine how customer loyalty will be affected by the implementation of virtual agents as service providers in major Swedish banks.   Method This is a qualitative study, and the empirical data were collected from semi-structured in-depth interviews with bankers at four major Swedish banks, as well as with ten highly-educated customers who are frequent users of bank services.   Findings The findings showed that virtual agents must affect customer service to a large extent to have a profound impact on customer loyalty. Virtual agents will be able to replace human bankers regarding simpler inquiries satisfyingly. On the other hand, the demand for personal interactions regarding more complex matters is found to be important.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-08-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:52:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 camargo_po_me_arafcl.pdf: 1072617 bytes, checksum: 530997cd270a2194199b8d7de86f6c84 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O setor bancário brasileiro sempre possuiu características muito específicas em relação aos bancos instalados em outros países. Na segunda metade da década de 1990, com a entrada dos bancos estrangeiros no país, iniciou-se um processo de reestruturação bancária, que acarretou em importantes mudanças na estrutura e nos padrões de concorrência do setor. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo verificar a evolução e forma de atuação dos maiores bancos após esse processo de reestruturação, considerando o tipo de controle, se público, privado nacional ou privado estrangeiro. / The Brazilian banking sector always had very specific characteristics compared to banks located in other countries. In the second half of the 1990s, the entry of foreign banks in the country started a bank restructuring process, which resulted in important structural and pattern changes to competition in the sector. This dissertation aims to verify the progress and way of action of the major banks after this restructuring process, considering the type of control, whether public, domestic private or foreign private.