Orientador: Antonio Carlos Maringoni / Banca: Luís Otávio Saggion Beriam / Banca: Ricardo Marcelo Gonçalves / Banca: Tadeu Antonio Fernandes da Silva Júnior / Banca: Renate Krause Sakate / Resumo: A murcha-de-curtobacterium, incitada por Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff), é uma das principais doenças do feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) no Brasil e em alguns países do mundo. Até o momento, sua principal forma de manejo é a utilização de cultivares com níveis de resistência. Porém há escassez de informações sobre a dinâmica populacional bacteriana, mecanismos de resistência e produtividade nessas cultivares. Diante disto, os objetivos deste trabalho foram: avaliar a dinâmica populacional de Cff em cultivares resistentes e suscetíveis de feijoeiro; caracterizar as principais alterações fisiológicas em resposta ao processo de infecção das plantas por Cff e; avaliar as características agronômicas das plantas de feijoeiro de cultivares resistentes e suscetíveis em resposta à infecção por Cff. Para tal, os ensaios foram conduzidos em casa-de-vegetação, na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP, Botucatu-SP. No primeiro ensaio e na sua repetição, foi avaliada a dinâmica populacional bacteriana em cultivares resistentes e suscetíveis de feijoeiro nos quatro primeiros entrenós. No segundo ensaio, foi avaliada a atividade das enzimas superóxido dismutase (SOD), polifenoloxidase (PFO), peroxidase (POX) e a concentração de proteínas e compostos fenólicos totais em nove coletas realizadas às 0, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 168 e 336 horas após a inoculação. No terceiro ensaio, em três repetições, foram avaliadas as principais características agronômicas par... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Bacterial wilt, induced by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff), is one of the main disease of common bean crops (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Brazil and around world. Until now, the basic management form is the cultivars application with levels of resistance, however there is lack of information about bacterial population dynamic, resistance mechanisms and productivity in those cultivars. Based on that, the objectives of this work were: to evaluate the dynamic of Cff population in resistant and susceptible cultivars of common bean; to characterize the main physiological alterations in response to the plant colonization process by Cff and; to measure the agronomic parameters of bean plants from resistant and susceptible cultivars in response to the colonization by Cff. To this end, the assays were performed in greenhouse condition located on Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP, Botucatu-SP. During the first assay and your respective repetition, was evaluated the dynamic bacterial population in resistant and susceptive cultivars of bean in the first four internodes. In the second assay, was evaluate the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), polyphenoloxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POX) and the concentration of proteins and total phenolic compounds in nine collections accomplished at 0, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 168 and 336 hours after the inoculation. About the third assay, with three repetitions, were evaluated the main agronomic parameters for beans crop, such as number of pods per plant, number of grain per pod, mass of one hundred grains, along with the severity of the disease. It was observed that the colonization in cultivars with levels of resistance is slowest and present the smallest number of bacteria in their tissues comparing the susceptive cultivars, as this result influenced by medium temperatures higher. The enzymes evaluated respond with greater ... / Doutor

Common root rot is a major disease of commercially grown snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on the irrigated sandy soils of central Wisconsin. The objective of this study was to determine the relationships between soil properties and suppressiveness to common root rot of snap bean (causal agent Aphanomyces euteiches) in soils. The soils had been annually amended for three years in a field trial on a Plainfield sandy loam in Hancock, WI. Soils were amended each year from 1998 to 2001 with three rates of fresh paper-mill residuals (0, 22 or 33 dry Mg ha�����) or composted paper-mill residuals (0, 38 or 76 dry Mg ha�����). Soil was removed from each treatment in April (one year after last amendment) and brought to the laboratory. This was repeated with a field soil sample taken in September, 2001. The soils from the two samplings were incubated at room temperature and periodically assayed (days 9, 44, 84, 106, 137, 225 and 270 for April sampling) (days 13, 88 and 174 for September sampling) for suppressiveness of snap bean root rot (0 to 4 where 0=healthy and 4=dead plant). The same days, incubated soils were characterized for ��-glucosidase, arylsulfatase and fluorescein diacetate activities; microbial biomass C (by chloroform fumigation); water stable aggregation (WSA) and total C. In the first incubation, there were large differences between field amendment treatments in terms of snap bean root rot incidence. The disease was suppressed by both fresh and composted amendments, but compost was most suppressive at high compost rates with disease incidence <40% which are considered healthy plants that can reach full yield potential. In the second incubation, disease severity difference among treatments were similar to the first incubation. This would indicate the suppression was induced prior to initiation of this experiment. Disease severity of bean plants grown in unamended field soil was high but in amended soils tended to decrease in intensity over time. Root rot severity was negatively related to ��-glucosidase, and microbial biomass at the beginning and the end of the first incubation period, respectively. FDA hydrolysis was not correlated with disease severity and WSA moderately correlated with disease. The best indicator of disease severity was arylsulfatase which was significantly and negatively correlated with disease severity in 4 of 5 sampling periods. / Graduation date: 2003

Intra- and interplant movement and dispersal of the predator mites Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) and Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) were studied on both lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) and apple (Malus pumila Miller) branch plant systems that were seeded with excess numbers of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch. Individuals of either predator were randomly selected from colonies of well-fed, mixed-age adult females and moved to test plants. When tested separately in each plant system, median leaf positions of N. californicus from the point of release were greater than those of N. fallacis at 1-8 d. A fan placed in front of a common source unit (1x3m) containing T. urticae and near equal densities of both predaceous mites, provided continuous air (wind) to 3 isolated receiver units located 2.5, 5, and 7.5 m downwind. Receiver units consisted of continuous bean foliage with excess T. urticae, but no predators. Wind speeds at the source and each receiver unit averaged 2.2, 0.9, 0.4, and 0.03 m/s respectively. As predators eliminated prey, N. fallacis dispersed earlier at higher prey densities and further downwind than N. californicus, but cumulative densities of each predator in all receiver units were alike after 20 d. Results of both plant movement studies supported the hypothesis that N. californicus has dispersal traits more like those of a generalist predator of spider mites than does N. fallacis. Spatial patterns of dispersal and biological control of pest mites are discussed in relation to predation types within the Phytoseiidae. / Graduation date: 1997

The goal of this thesis is to develop an easily modifiable sensor system. To achieve this goal SensorML (an XML based sensor language) is combined with Java Beans (a component model language). An important part of SensorML is its process model. Each sensor in the real world is depicted in SensorML by a process model, whereas the connections between the sensors are shown by a process chain. This thesis presents a translator that reads these documents and converts them to Java Beans. Through testing the Translator is proved more efficient than the convenient Object Oriented approach. / UOIT

Gemeinsamer Workshop von Universitaetsrechenzentrum und Professur Rechnernetze und verteilte Systeme (Fakultaet fuer Informatik) der TU Chemnitz. Workshop-Thema: Infrastruktur der ¨Digitalen Universitaet¨ Es gibt viele Möglichkeiten, dynamische Web Inhalte zu erzeugen. Dieser Vortrag soll einen Überblick über Erweiterungsmöglichkeiten auf der Serverseite geben. Mit Hinblick auf Performance werden im Vergleich zum CGI eingebettete Interpreter beleuchtet und spezielle Scriptsprachen wie PHP,Perl oder Tcl genannnt.

The effects of intraspecific and interspecific competition, host plant, and prior host plant experience on fecundity, rate of oviposition and mortality of adults and larval survival of Delia radicum Bouche (Cabbage Maggot (CM)), D. antiqua Meigen (Onion Maggot (OM)), and D. platura Meigen (Seed Corn Maggot (SCM)), were studied on cabbage, onion and bean plants. / An optimum density for maximum fecundity per female was observed when the four experimental densities were compared. This optimum density was higher on host than on non-host plants. CM females were host specific and did not oviposit on non-host plants. Rates of oviposition and mortality over a 30-day period were calculated for each density. The rate of oviposition was slower at higher densities on host plants for CM, OM and SCM. The rate of mortality increased at the highest density for CM (cabbage), OM (bean) and SCM (cabbage), but remained unaffected for OM on onion and cabbage and for SCM on onion and bean, when densities were compared. For OM, a delay in the rate of oviposition and mortality on cabbage (non-host plant) when compared with onion (host plant), suggests that cabbage was not as readily accepted as an oviposition site. Interspecific competition experiments at six density ratio's of SCM:OM indicated increased fecundity, or an increase in the rate of oviposition for OM, at the lower densities when single and mixed species were compared. For SCM no effects on fecundity were recorded, but the rate of oviposition was slower and rate of mortality faster at the lowest density in the presence of OM. Similar studies with SCM and CM showed no such effects of competition. / Host plant exposure of SCM females during the pre-oviposition period resulted in a delay in initial acceptance of subsequent host plants as oviposition sites. This happened only when females were exposed to a secondary host during the pre-oviposition period. Once oviposition began, host discrimination ceased and a switch in oviposition sites to the preferred host did not alter the rate of oviposition. In CM, the rate of larval development increased at density 6 (optimum density). Above this density a decrease in the rate of development and a significant reduction in pupal weight was observed. Time required for fly emergence was not affected by increasing larval densities.

No description available.

In this study, we have demonstrated that inoculation of bean seeds with non-pathogenic binucleate Rhizoctonia (np-BNR) at sowing protected bean seedlings from infection of R. solani. Using quantitative real-time RT-PCR (QRT-PCR), transcript levels of defense genes encoding 1,3-beta-glucanase (GLUC), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS) in one-week old bean seedlings was monitored during np-BNR and R. solani interaction. The results revealed that protection effect of np-BNR correspond to a systemic suppression of these three defense genes' expression from significant higher level elicited by R. solani to the level of non-infected plants. This indicates that bio-protection by np-BNR isolates is not correlated to activation of these three defense genes' expression. Similar suppression was achieved for pre-colonization of bean seedlings with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) Glomus introradices on GLUC gene expression, although the AM fungus did not significantly reduce rot symptoms. Possible mechanisms implicated in down-regulation during plant-pathogen and np-BNR or AM interaction are discussed.

Šio darbo tiksas - nustatyti ochratoksino A kiekius žaliose ir skrudintose kavos pupelėse. Mėginiai tyrimams buvo paimti iš dviejų Lietuvos kavos skrudinimo įmonių. Kavos pupelių mėginiai buvo iš Amerikos, Afrikos ir Azijos. Žalių kavos pupelių užterštumas ochratoksinu A buvo 1,0 – 3,5 µg/kg, o po skrudinimo jis padidėjo 14,12 – 63,64%. Taip pat buvo identifikuojami ochratoksiną A gaminantys grybai ir skaičiuojami jų kolonijas sudarantys vienetai. Nustatyta, kad kavos pupelės buvo užterštos A. niger, A. ochraceus, A. parasiticus, A. sydowii ir A. flavus. / The experiments was done in LUHS VA in the Animal Welfare Reaserch Laboratory. The aim of this study were to determinate ochratoxin A amounts in green and roasted coffee beans. Samples were taken from two coffee roasters companies in Lithuania. Coffee samples were from America, Asia and Africa. The determination of OTA in green coffee samples was 1,0 – 3,5 µg/kg, but after roasting it increase to 14,12 – 63,64%. Also were identified OTA-producing species of fungi and their colony formed quantities. It was found that determination of fungi were 50% of A. niger colonies, other 50% were of A. ochraceus, A. parasiticus, A. sydowii and A. flavus.

A time course study was conducted to monitor disease development and expression of the defense-related genes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), and hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants colonized by the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus intraradices , and post-infected with the soil-borne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. Pre-colonization of bean plants by the AM fungus did not significantly reduce the severity of rot symptoms. RNA blot analysis revealed a systemic increase in transcript levels of the four defense-related genes in response to R. solani infection. On the other hand, pre-colonization of bean plants with G. intraradices elicited no change in PAL, CHS and CHI transcripts, but an increase of HRGP transcripts in leaves was detected. A differential and systemic alteration in the expression of all four defense genes was observed in AM beans post-infected with R. solani. Depending on the time after infection with R. solani and the tissue examined, varying responses from stimulation, suppression, to no change in transcript levels were detected.