Após mais de duzentos anos, o interesse pela obra de Karl Philipp Moritz (15 de setembro de 1756 26 de junho de 1793) só tem aumentado. Diferentes autores como Herman Hesse e Walter Benjamin, e, mais recentemente, Hans Joachin Schrimpf, Tzvetan Todorov, Peter Szondi, Arno Schmidt e Peter Handke têm escrito ressaltando a importância e a fecundidade desse autor. Moritz pode ser considerado um dos autores inaugurais do romantismo alemão. Este mestrado em filosofia, área de estética, pretende, por meio de seleção, tradução e introdução dos textos de Karl Philipp Moritz, contribuir para a valorização dessa importante obra em nossa cultura. Os textos selecionados são de teoria da linguagem, estética e filosofia. / After over two hundred years, the concern for the works of Karl Philipp Moritz (September 15th 1756 June 26th 1793) has increased steadily. Different authors such as Herman Hesse and Walter Benjamin and more recently Hans Joachin Schrimpf, Tzvetan Todorov, Peter Szondi, Arno Schmidt and Peter Handke have written on the relevance and fecundity of this author. Moritz can be said to be one of the inaugural authors of German Romanticism. This Masters in Philosophy, in the Aesthetics field, intends, by means of selection, translation and introduction of Karl Philipp Moritz texts, to contribute to the appreciation of this important work in our culture. The selected texts belong to the fields of Language Theory, Aesthetics and Philosophy.

Abstract The two rhetorical approaches to Finnish Lapland are the mythical and the miserable produced in the realms of tourism and politics respectively. The locals comply with neither. In this research the notion of beauty is used in seeking to understand how life is perceived as good-enough by particular villagers of a remote northern village. The scope of this research is novel theoretically and methodologically. The combination of everyday life aesthetics and education outside of institutional art education is rare and the method of data collection, collective correspondence, is created for the purposes of this research. Education is approached in this research as our perpetual growing in everyday life. Education and aesthetics receive support from sociology and human geography as well as environmental ethics. The theoretical frame leans on Ludwig Wittgenstein's notions of language use: language is woven into the actions of ordinary life, used not only to describe but to act on and transform the world. The objectives of this research in brief are to 1) complement art-centered definitions of the notion of beauty, 2) argue for the significance of diversity of habitable places, and 3) to contribute positively to the prevailingly negative research rhetoric on life in northern Finnish villages. These objectives are tackled with research tasks unfolding as descriptive, interpretative and methodological respectively: 1) of what kind is perceived beauty in everyday life led in a small northern village? 2) What is the significance of considering beauty in everyday life? 3) What kind of data does correspondence yield on perceived beauty? There are four women participating in this research. They exchanged letters on the topic of everyday beauty once a month for a year. Together they comprise a group that varies in ages, education, employment, family structures and the length of stay in the village. What they share is a view of their home village as a good-enough place to live in. The main data consists of 44 letters supplemented by 10 interviews. The letters have been read as one correspondence and as four individual sets of letters. Recurring themes, the temporal and spatial evolving of them as well as the performative aspects of writing have been addressed. Beauty has been found to reside in an iterative linguistic process rather than fixed in objects or even themes. Beauty articulates condensations of significant relations the perceiving individual holds in her life. As such beauty in everyday life is relational, active and pertains to steering of one's life. The ability to relate to the environment in which you live in a personally meaningful and creative way is found to be facilitated by an environment of diversity. Rather than keeping the rural North habited I argue for ensuring that it is habitable for those who wish to live there. This means realizing that people craft good-enough lives in different ways relative to their everyday life environments. / Tiivistelmä Lapista puhutaan kahdella tavalla, joista kumpikaan ei tavoita täysin lappilaisten itsensä arkikokemusta: Lappia värittää paikkana joko myyttisyys tai kurjuus. Näitä kahta kuvaa ylläpitävät pääasiassa turismi ja politiikka. Tässä tutkimuksessa käytetään ilmausta "kaunis" yritettäessä ymmärtää elämää pohjoisessa pienkylässä riittävän hyväksi koettuna. Tutkimus on sekä teoreettisesti että metodologisesti monitieteinen ja uutta luova. Arjen estetiikan ja kasvatustieteen yhdistäminen taidekasvatuksen sisältöalueen ulkopuolella on harvinaista. Tutkimuksessa on käytetty aineistonkeruumenetelmänä kirjeenvaihtoa, ja erityisesti sen kollektiivista muotoa, joka on kehitetty tätä tutkimusta varten. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan kasvatustieteen avulla arkeen kietoutuvaa kasvua ihmisenä. Sosiologia, kulttuurimaantiede ja ympäristöetiikka täydentävät kasvatustiedettä ja estetiikkaa. Tutkimuksen teoreettinen viitekehys nojaa Ludwig Wittgensteinin huomioihin kielen käytöstä arjessa. Kieli on kietoutunut arjen toimintoihin ja on käytössä paitsi maailman kuvaamisessa myös sen muuttamisessa. Tutkimuksen tavoitteet ovat lyhyesti: 1) laajentaa "kauniin" taidemaailmaan nojautuvaa määrittelyä, 2) argumentoida ihmisen elinympäristöjen monimuotoisuuden puolesta sekä 3) täydentää lähtökohtaisesti positiivisella tutkimusotteella pohjoisen pienkylien elämästä tuotettua pääosin negatiivista tutkimusretoriikkaa. Tavoitteita lähestytään kolmella tutkimustehtävällä, jotka jakaantuvat kuvailevaksi, tulkinnalliseksi ja metodologiseksi. Tutkimustehtävät ovat: 1) minkälaista on kaunis pohjoisen pienkylän arjessa? 2) Mitä merkitystä on kauniin pohtimisella arjessa? 3) Minkälaista aineistoa kirjeenvaihto tuottaa kauneudesta? Tutkimukseen on osallistunut neljä naista. Jokainen heistä on kirjoittanut kirjeitä kauneudesta arjessaan ja vaihtanut kirjeitä kerran kuussa vuoden ajan. Naisten iät, koulutustaustat, työllisyystilanteet, perherakenteet sekä kylässä asuttu aika vaihtelevat. Heitä yhdistää näkemys kotikylästään riittävän hyvänä asuinpaikkana. Tutkimuksen pääasiallinen aineisto koostuu 44 kirjeestä, joita täydentää kymmenen haastattelua. Kirjeaineisto on luettu sekä yhtenä kirjeenvaihtona että neljänä osana, kunkin osallistujan kirjeet erikseen. Kirjeistä on tavoiteltu toistuvia teemoja ja näiden ajallista ja tilallista muotoutumista. Lisäksi kirjoituksia on pohdittu harkittuina esityksinä. Kaunis on todettu jatkuvaksi itseään korjaavaksi kielelliseksi prosessiksi sen sijaan, että se olisi paikantunut kiinteästi esineisiin, asioihin tai edes teemoihin. Arjen kaunis kiinnittyy kunkin elämässä merkityksellisiin suhteisiin. Kielellisenä prosessina kaunis ilmentää aktiivista ja luovaa toimijuutta ja liittyy elämän ohjailemiseen. Monimuotoisuus tukee kykyä muodostaa ja tiedostaa merkityksellisiä ja luovia suhteita elinympäristöön. Sen sijaan, että tutkimuksessa argumentoitaisiin pohjoisten kylien asuttamisen puolesta tutkimus esittää että pienkylien asuttavuus tulisi turvata sellaisille jotka haluavat asua kylissä. Tämä edellyttää ymmärrystä siitä, että ihmiset tekevät elämästään riittävän hyvää laadullisesti eri tavoilla erilaisissa ympäristöissä.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第21856号 / 人博第885号 / 新制||人||212(附属図書館) / 2018||人博||885(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻 / (主査)教授 水野 尚之, 教授 土屋 由香, 准教授 小島 基洋, 教授 西山 けい子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

This thesis is a primer on the experimental independent animator Don Hertzfeldt, whose filmography—described by one critic as “a singular universe of stick figures in crisis”—has for more than two decades been engaging some of the larger questions of post-millennial existence, particularly with regard to consciousness, temporality, and death. First, I will briefly introduce who Hertzfeldt is as an auteur (where he comes from, where his primary interests lie, and what his impact has been); second, I will provide an overview of the historical context in which his oeuvre should be placed (i.e. the history of animation and of experimental cinema); third, I will closely analyze his work, examining questions of style and narrative, starting from his student films and continuing to his more recent films; and fourth, I will explore some of the philosophical implications of recurring Hertzfeldtian motifs and themes (particularly with regard to consciousness, temporality, and death) before concluding.

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The thesis examines three enlightenment textbooks of literary arts of that period, which were all published in 1783 and significantly contributed to dissemination of aesthetic ideas. Its primary aim is to determine how aesthetics, as a separate philosophical discipline, entered into these three selected textbooks of literary arts of that period, and in what ways it has influenced their interpretation. It raises a question of how the presence or absence of aesthetics influenced the concept of these texts not only as a whole, but also in developing specific theories, themes and ideas that are further compared in this thesis. It analyses the main sections of the textbooks and introduces their basic structure and specific opinions, which are then critically evaluated. The aim of the thesis is to examine the character of the interpretations and grasp the theories of particular kinds of arts depending on whether they were performed within or outside the framework of aesthetics. The presented thesis should contribute to a better understanding of the differences and similarities between German and Scottish reflections of aesthetic questions at the end of 18th century based on these three examples of textbooks.

In the latter half of the 19th century, Robert Louis Stevenson set off on two journeys through Belgium and France, two travels that were to become the subject of his early travelogues An Inland Voyage and Travels with a Donkey in the Cévennes. In these two travelogues Stevenson elaborates extensively on depictions of nature, and through these depictions, Stevenson suggests that there exists a special relationship between natural beauty and human emotion. In fact, this portrayal of human emotion as bound with nature can be considered as significantly Romantic. Consequently, this study investigates Stevenson’s depictions of natural beauty from the Romantic conceptualizations, the beautiful, the sublime, and the picturesque. However, these Romantic theories are subject to various definitions and perceptions by different aesthetes and intellectuals. Therefore, in this study a few important Romantic philosophers have been given special consideration, those are, Edmund Burke, William Gilpin, William Wordsworth, and John Ruskin. The analysis of Stevenson’s depictions is conducted by way of discussing excerpts and quotations from Stevenson’s writing in relation to these Romantic perspectives. Although these travelogues are misplaced as Romantic in terms of period of time, I argue that Robert Louis Stevenson’s depictions of natural beauty and human emotion in An Inland Voyage and Travels with a Donkey in the Cévennes reveal an interesting Romantic sensibility, which is founded on a combination of the aesthetic and philosophical ideas of the picturesque, the beautiful and the sublime.