For years, neonates have been "therapeutic orphans" and denied the benefits of clinical research because most therapeutic options are usually tested in the adult population. Most treatments and interventions have not been explored, and there is room potential rigorous, evidence-based clinical trials towards diseases specific to this population. Regenerative medicine holds great promise by potentially offering new ways of treating incurable diseases. However, bench to bedside translations often fail due to low recruitment rate. Thus, there is a need for effective interventions to increase trial participation and execution to help accelerate neonatal research. Behaviour theories could help to better understand trial participation, screening and recruiting behaviours, inform fit-for-purpose interventions, and assist in building cumulative evidence. There is a lack of clarity on the barriers and enablers to clinical trial participation from important stakeholder groups; NICU parents and research staff members. Study 1 reports findings on identified barriers and enablers that might affect parents' decision-making to participate in an early phase mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy trial including concerns with safety, efficacy and expected outcomes, but were willing to consider consenting to the trial after watching the animated video and having altruistic consideration. Study 2 reports findings on identified barriers and enablers that might affect research personnel recruitment to a multi-centre MSC trial which include: having cautious hope about the trial, importance of coordination with the clinical staff and study team and optimizing the study flow. Due to the challenging context of the study, the participants prefer to have clinicians involved with the recruitment. Lasty, Study 3 reports findings on identified barriers and enablers to screening potential patients for an adeno- associated viral vector gene therapy trial. Physicians were optimistic about the treatment but were concerned about the safety, feasibility, the expected outcomes of the treatment, and available resources (personnel, equipment, funding). Many expressed the need for support from clinical professionals prior to approaching parents and highlighted variability in screening roles. The resulting comprehensive set of factors helps to identify priorities for future research and provide insights towards developing novel interventions for neonatal research.

<p>In a matrix organization, the process of selecting project team members is a collaboration between the functions and the projects. A project’s success or failure does often depend on that collaboration. This thesis work examines the present situation at Saab Gripen Customer Support. The process is examined from four different perspectives: the roles of the functional and the project manager, competence development, behavioural science team roles and the complexity of the projects. The result shows that the roles of the project manager and the functional manager in their collaboration are not properly defined. The communication between the project manager and the functional manager is insufficient. The competence development during the projects is not fully taken advantage of. There is a need to use behavioural science. Recommendations on how the situation can be improved are given. A model is proposed to give guidance in the process of selecting project team members.</p>

In a matrix organization, the process of selecting project team members is a collaboration between the functions and the projects. A project’s success or failure does often depend on that collaboration. This thesis work examines the present situation at Saab Gripen Customer Support. The process is examined from four different perspectives: the roles of the functional and the project manager, competence development, behavioural science team roles and the complexity of the projects. The result shows that the roles of the project manager and the functional manager in their collaboration are not properly defined. The communication between the project manager and the functional manager is insufficient. The competence development during the projects is not fully taken advantage of. There is a need to use behavioural science. Recommendations on how the situation can be improved are given. A model is proposed to give guidance in the process of selecting project team members.

The aim of the study was to investigate the experience of dental care and oral hygiene, and the knowledge about gingivitis, periodontitis and dental caries among teacher students, in Livingstone, Zambia. Another aim was to investigate whether oral health was included in the curriculum. The study was carried out among teacher students at David Livingstone College of Education. The questionnaire consisted of 32 questions. 150 questionnaires were handed out, an external reduction appeared of 15 questionnaires and altogether 135 students participated in the study. The results showed that 74 of the students had never received dental care, while 59 had received dental care. The main reason why they had been seeking dental care was toothache. Toothbrush and toothpaste were the most common agents used for cleaning teeth. The overall knowledge about oral diseases was good. Most of the teacher students had received information about oral health in previous schools. The teacher students were positive to inform about oral health when they start practicing as teachers but they requested more information and knowledge to be familiar with the topic. / Syftet med studien var att undersöka erfarenheten av tandvård och oral hygien samt kunskap om gingivit, parodontit och karies bland lärarstudenter i Livingstone, Zambia. Ett annat syfte var att undersöka om oral hälsa var en del utav läroplanen. Studien utfördes bland lärarstudenter vid David Livingstone College of Education. Enkäten bestod av 32 frågor. 150 enkäter delades ut, ett externt bortfall på 15 enkäter förekom och sammanlagt deltog 135 lärarstudenter i studien. Resultaten visade att 74 av lärarstudenterna aldrig hade fått tandvård medan 59 hade fått tandvård. Det huvudsakliga skälet till att de hade uppsökt tandvård var tandvärk. Tandborste och tandkräm var de vanligaste hjälpmedlen vid tandrengöring. Kunskapen om orala sjukdomar var i det stora hela god. De flesta lärarstudenterna hade fått information om oral hälsa i tidigare skolor. Lärarstudenterna var positivt inställda till att informera om oral hälsa när de börjar praktisera som lärare, men de efterfrågade mer information och kunskap om ämnet.

Tandvården har goda möjligheter att få kännedom om patienters tobaksvanor eftersom flertalet människor besöker tandvården regelbundet. Det finns därför goda möjligheter att utföra tobaksavvänjning med de som röker eller snusar. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa metoder som finns för tobaksavvänjning och vilka resultat dessa metoder ger. Sökningen gjordes i databasen Pubmed och begränsades till artiklar som är publicerade under de senaste tio åren och till studier som har utförts inom tandvården. Litteraturstudien inkluderade åtta studier. Resultatet visade att det finns flera olika kombinationsmetoder som används för tobaksavvänjning. I tre artiklar har 5A metoden använts i kombination med nikotinersättningsmedel. I övriga artiklar användes fem olika kombinationsmetoder med olika uppföljningstider. I en av kombinationsmetoderna beskrevs två metoder. Utöver dessa metoder fanns en metod för snusavvänjning. Resultatet visade skillnader i lyckandefrekvens med upphörande av tobaksvanor. Tolv månaders avvänjning och uppföljning i två av kombinationsmetoderna samt metoden för snusavvänjning gav högst lyckandefrekvens (36 %, 25 % och 30 %). Lägst lyckandefrekvens var 7 % efter tolv månaders uppföljning i en av 5A metoderna. Studiens slutsats är att det finns få publicerade studier om tobaksavvänjning inom tandvården som är baserade på utvärdering av tobaksavvänjningsmetoder som är utförda på patienter. Uppföljning och rådgivning samt stöttning har betydelse för resultatet. / Patients with tobacco habits visit the dental care regularly, therefore it is well placed to carry out tobacco cessation for those who smoke or use snuff. The purpose of this study was to highlight methods available for tobacco cessation and results of these methods. The authors searched in the database PubMed and was limited to articles published during the last ten years and performed in the dental care. The framework was limited to eight studies which were performed in the dental care. The results showed that there are several different combination methods for tobacco cessation. In three articles, the 5A method was used in combination with nicotine replacement therapy. In other articles five different combination methods with different follow-up times were used. In one of those with combined approach two methods are described. In addition a method was used for snuff cessation. The result showed differences in frequency of success to tobacco stop. The best result was shown after twelve months tobacco cessation and a follow up in two of the combination methods and the method for snuff cessation (36%, 25% and 30%). The lowest success rate was 7% after twelve months follow up with one of the 5A methods. The conclusion of the study is that there are few published studies regarding tobacco cessation in the dental care, which are based on evaluation of methods performed among patients. Follow up, counselling and support have essential effects on the result.

Since the second half of twentieth century, the economic value of scientific work produced in academic settings has been increased, the terms of &lsquo / Science Park&rsquo / , &lsquo / Technopark&rsquo / , &lsquo / Technopole&rsquo / and &lsquo / Technoburb&rsquo / are appeared. And these settlements attempt to stimulate and promote further use of the knowledge on a certain part of studies that can be put in commercial use. Consequently, the need for concerning the relations in between these technopark settings -within the university settings- and the social network they constitute occurred. This need brought new aspects in &lsquo / architecture of knowledge&rsquo / into consideration and found its reflection in the physical setting such as / the architectural spaces for innovation, and the social quality of spaces for the spatial performance issues. This spatial point of view is the issue that the study considers through the methodology of spatial data analysis based over social sciences. The study consigns the initial proposition of the analysis on the relationship between the spatial organization of the Technopark and its communal networks in spatial, communal and virtual mediums. The second proposition is the relationships whether in the consequence this relationship form spatial typologies or not. The focus of the study is a socio-spatial analysis of the interior public spaces of communal interaction within the technology producing factories, named as &ldquo / Technoparks&rdquo / . The study is basically circumscribed within the borders of the case / METU Technopolis&rsquo / s public or common spaces.

Households are nowadays required to make financial decisions of increasing complexity in an increasing number of domains. This thesis explores psychological mechanisms, behavior change interventions, and potential inhibitory factors underlying wise household financial decisions in the domains of gambling advertising and mutual fund investing. In-depth investigations of these two domains were chosen to balance the depth of topic coverage versus the wide breadth of modern financial decision making. UK soccer gambling advertising was investigated via two observational studies and a range of online experiments. The experiments found that soccer fans struggle to form coherent expectations for the complex bets featuring in UK soccer gambling advertising. Mutual fund investors have to balance a number of cues in their investment choices. Normatively, mutual fund investors should minimize fees. However, a number of investors choose to maximize past returns instead. Three chapters investigate how mutual fund fees and financial percentage returns are psychologically processed, in order to uncover beneficial behavior change interventions. Many participants processed percentages additively, rather than follow the correct multiplicative strategy. Both percentages and corresponding “small” currency amounts were associated with systematic biases. Participant responses were closest to the normative strategy when either past returns were framed as a “small” currency amount, or when fees were framed as a 10 year currency amount. “Some people invest based on past performance, but funds with low fees have the highest future results” was the most effective disclaimer at nudging fee-sensitivity against the real world status quo, “Past performance does not predict future results.”

Participation rates in Australia remain low compared to other international settings, and gross inequities exist in participation, including for women and people living in low socioeconomic areas [1]. In recognition of the health and environmental benefits of increasing cycling participation, governments in Australia are increasing investment in initiatives to increase bicycling [2]. Recent research found that 78% of people in Greater Melbourne (a major Australian metropolitan region) are interested in riding a bike [3]. This demonstrates an opportunity for considerable modal shift to bike riding. There is, however, insufficient knowledge of the barriers to, and enablers of cycling for transport in this context. Research of barriers and enablers in Australia is very limited, however the majority of what has been conducted bas been quantitative research in groups whom are already cyclists. Existing research explores factors affecting cycling for all purposes, potentially overlooking differences in barriers and enablers reported for either riding a bike for transport, or recreational purposes. Further, quantitative studies often present the prevalence of a particular barrier or enabler, without consideration of the strength of how preventative, or encouraging the factor may be. This has resulted in cycling strategies being largely uninformed by the needs of people who are not current cyclists, and without consideration of the needs of people who ride a bike for transport, compared to recreational ri.ders. To increase cycling participation, it is essential to understand the barriers and enablers of cycling for all people of all ages and abilities, and to understand the nuances of their perception of safety. This requires a mixed-methods approach, with a robust sampling approach, to consider the prevalence and strength of the varying factors that influence people's decision to ride a bike or not. We conducted an online survey and semi-structured interviews with people living in nine selected local government areas across Greater Melbourne. [From: Introduction]

<p>Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate former dental hygienist students’ view regarding their education at Kristianstad University.Material and methods: This quantitative study was descriptive and the data collection method was used by a questionnaire. This was sent by post to former dental hygienist students at Kristianstad University. In total, 57 dental hygienists participated in the study.Result: The majority of the respondents (94 %, n=54) were content with their education. The education’s primary strength turned out to be the clinical activity that is conducted while at the same time there was a wish for more practice. The content in the dental hygienist education at Kristianstad University is corresponding to the requirements in the profession including oral health science according to the majority of the respondents.Conclusion: The clinical activity that is conducted both at external dental clinics and at the dental clinic at the college has a high significance for the prospective dental hygienist’s career.Keywords: alumnus, dental hygienist, dental hygienist education, knowledge, skills description</p>

The aim of the study was to investigate oral hygiene experience, knowledge of oral health and oral diseases and attitudes about oral health care among students of nursing at the School of Nursing in Livingstone, Zambia. The respondents were women and men in the ages between 20 and 43. A questionnaire consisting of 29 questions was handed out to 119 students. The results showed that the majority of the students brushed their teeth every day. Visits to dental clinics, however, were few. The most common reason for dental visits was pain. Most of the respondents knew about one or more HIV-related oral diseases, and the most common answer was oral candidosis. The overall knowledge of HIV/AIDS-related oral lesions was very high, and the majority of the respondents were interested to receive more information about the subject. The respondents had good knowledge in oral health and oral diseases, and the majority had a positive attitude concerning oral health care providers. The majority also considered collaboration between dental care and regular health care as essential. Although the knowledge about oral health was good, the result showed infrequent dental visits among the respondents. / Syftet med studien var att undersöka sjuksköterskestudenters munhygienvanor, deras kunskaper om oral hälsa och orala sjukdomar samt attityder till munhälsovård. Ett frågeformulär med 29 frågor delades ut till 119 andra- och tredje års studenter på sjuksköterskeskolan i Livingstone, Zambia. Respondenterna var både kvinnor och män mellan 20 och 43 år. Resultatet visade att flertalet studenter borstade sina tänder dagligen. Däremot var det ovanligt med täta tandvårdsbesök och den vanligaste orsaken till besök var smärta. Majoriteten av studenterna hade goda kunskaper om HIV-relaterade orala lesioner och det vanligaste svaret de uppgav var oral candida. De generella kunskaperna om HIV/AIDS- relaterade orala lesioner var väldigt goda och majoriteten av respondenterna var intresserade av mer information i ämnet. Generellt hade respondenterna goda kunskaper om oral hälsa, orala sjukdomar och majoriteten hade en positiv attityd till munhälsovård. Flertalet ansåg att ett samarbete mellan tand- och sjukvård var betydelsefullt. Trots den höga kunskapsnivån om oral hälsa visar resultatet att respondenterna inte besöker tandvården regelbundet.