O tabagismo é considerado um sério problema de saúde pública, estudos têm mostrado o início do consumo de cigarros na adolescência; pesquisas mostram os fatores que predispõem ao consumo e/ ou dependência da nicotina; já existem Leis regulamentando a propaganda, locais públicos ... para o uso do tabaco. Há a necessidade de abordagens interdisciplinares, buscando conexões metodológicas entre diversas áreas para compreender o processo. Há necessidade de superar a racionalidade entre as disciplinas, prevalecer a síntese de um processo que não seja feudo de uma área. Significa recuperar o humanismo, lutando contra a falta de eficácia, eficiência nos Programas de Controle do Uso do Tabaco; falta de elementos subjetivos na discussão das áreas do conhecimento e, em específico, do Direito. Torna-se necessária discussão mais ampla, alertar a relação dos males à saúde advindos do tabaco. Os conhecimentos produzidos poderão ter grande importância prática em termos individuais, assim como para a Saúde Pública. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é estudar as crenças e valores associados ao início do uso do tabaco entre jovens, buscando elementos subjetivos para colaborar na elaboração, aplicação e interpretação das Leis. Especificamente, pretende-se definir critérios e identificar crenças e valores relacionados ao uso do tabaco para compreensão do ato de fumar. O trabalho foi efetuado em etapas. A princípio, a construção do instrumento de medida: levantamento das crenças salientes modais sobre as categorias, como hábito de fumar em si e uso do tabaco entre os jovens. Foram entrevistados 12 jovens (entrevista semi-estruturada), coletando dados demográficos e, a seguir usando os procedimentos de evocação/enunciação/averiguação. Os conteúdos levantados pelas entrevistas, foram analisados com base em alguns procedimentos de síntese, no sentido de isolar e classificar as crenças salientes modais, características para cada uma das categorias estudadas. Para avaliar o componente cognitivo da atitude, as Escalas foram constituídas por conteúdos probabilísticos subjetivos como: ?verdadeiro/falso?, ?sempre/nunca?... associados à Escala do tipo Likert. Quanto ao componente valorativo da atitude, foi utilizada, também, a Escala do tipo Likert, com conteúdos expressos como: ?bom/ruim?, ?certo/errado? ... Para análise, foram realizados estudos descritivos de distribuição dos resultados das Escalas sobre as forças das crenças e valores a elas associadas. Quanto às expectativas das atitudes, foi utilizado o referencial teórico de Fishbein e Ajzen, fundamentado na distinção entre crenças, atitudes, intenções e comportamentos. O Projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da FFCLRP-USP. / The use of tobacco is the most serious problem in Public Health. Studies show the early consumption in adolescence and the factors that predispose this consumption and/or nicotine dependece. Currently, there are Laws, which regulate advertisements and public locations on tobacco use. Interdisciplinary approaches seeking methodological links among these diverse areas in order to be able to understand the process is indispensable. The rationality among the disciplines needs to be overcome, and the synthesis of a process, which is not feudal to one area, must prevail. This encompasses the recovery of humanism, tackling against the inefficiency of the Tobacco Control Programs, the lack of subjective elements in the discussions of the fields of knowledge, and specifically of Law. An ample discussion is relevant to warn on the health problems occurring from tobacco. The awareness yielded is of great practical importance regarding individuals, as well as public health. The broad aim of this work is to study the beliefs and values associated to the early use of tobacco among the young adults, seeking subjective elements to collaborate with the elaboration, application, and interpretation of the Laws. The criteria and identification of beliefs and values related to the use of tobacco in order to understand the act of smoking will be distinctively defined. This study carried out in stages. In principle, the construction of a measuring instrument, the collection of outstanding belief trends on the categories, such as, the habit of smoking and the use of tobacco among the young adults. The interviewees were comprised of twelve young adults with open-ended questions collecting demographic data, in addition to utilizing recalling/expressing/stating and investigating methods. The contents collected from the interviews were analyzed grounded on synthesis procedures, isolating and classifying the outstanding belief trends, and the characteristics for each of the categories studied. To assess the cognitive behavior component, the Scales constituted subjective contents of probability, such as, ??true/false??, ??always/never??, etc. associated with the Likert Scale. As for the value component of behavior, the Likert Scale was also used with contents expressing ??good/bad?? ??right/wrong??, etc. For evaluation, descriptive studies of the result distribution of the Scales on beliefs and values associated to them were performed. Concerning the behavior expected, Fishbein and Ajzen?s theoretical references were utilized basing the distinction among beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behavior. This project approved by the Ethics Board at FFCLRP-USP.

O tabagismo é considerado um sério problema de saúde pública, estudos têm mostrado o início do consumo de cigarros na adolescência; pesquisas mostram os fatores que predispõem ao consumo e/ ou dependência da nicotina; já existem Leis regulamentando a propaganda, locais públicos ... para o uso do tabaco. Há a necessidade de abordagens interdisciplinares, buscando conexões metodológicas entre diversas áreas para compreender o processo. Há necessidade de superar a racionalidade entre as disciplinas, prevalecer a síntese de um processo que não seja feudo de uma área. Significa recuperar o humanismo, lutando contra a falta de eficácia, eficiência nos Programas de Controle do Uso do Tabaco; falta de elementos subjetivos na discussão das áreas do conhecimento e, em específico, do Direito. Torna-se necessária discussão mais ampla, alertar a relação dos males à saúde advindos do tabaco. Os conhecimentos produzidos poderão ter grande importância prática em termos individuais, assim como para a Saúde Pública. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é estudar as crenças e valores associados ao início do uso do tabaco entre jovens, buscando elementos subjetivos para colaborar na elaboração, aplicação e interpretação das Leis. Especificamente, pretende-se definir critérios e identificar crenças e valores relacionados ao uso do tabaco para compreensão do ato de fumar. O trabalho foi efetuado em etapas. A princípio, a construção do instrumento de medida: levantamento das crenças salientes modais sobre as categorias, como hábito de fumar em si e uso do tabaco entre os jovens. Foram entrevistados 12 jovens (entrevista semi-estruturada), coletando dados demográficos e, a seguir usando os procedimentos de evocação/enunciação/averiguação. Os conteúdos levantados pelas entrevistas, foram analisados com base em alguns procedimentos de síntese, no sentido de isolar e classificar as crenças salientes modais, características para cada uma das categorias estudadas. Para avaliar o componente cognitivo da atitude, as Escalas foram constituídas por conteúdos probabilísticos subjetivos como: ?verdadeiro/falso?, ?sempre/nunca?... associados à Escala do tipo Likert. Quanto ao componente valorativo da atitude, foi utilizada, também, a Escala do tipo Likert, com conteúdos expressos como: ?bom/ruim?, ?certo/errado? ... Para análise, foram realizados estudos descritivos de distribuição dos resultados das Escalas sobre as forças das crenças e valores a elas associadas. Quanto às expectativas das atitudes, foi utilizado o referencial teórico de Fishbein e Ajzen, fundamentado na distinção entre crenças, atitudes, intenções e comportamentos. O Projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da FFCLRP-USP. / The use of tobacco is the most serious problem in Public Health. Studies show the early consumption in adolescence and the factors that predispose this consumption and/or nicotine dependece. Currently, there are Laws, which regulate advertisements and public locations on tobacco use. Interdisciplinary approaches seeking methodological links among these diverse areas in order to be able to understand the process is indispensable. The rationality among the disciplines needs to be overcome, and the synthesis of a process, which is not feudal to one area, must prevail. This encompasses the recovery of humanism, tackling against the inefficiency of the Tobacco Control Programs, the lack of subjective elements in the discussions of the fields of knowledge, and specifically of Law. An ample discussion is relevant to warn on the health problems occurring from tobacco. The awareness yielded is of great practical importance regarding individuals, as well as public health. The broad aim of this work is to study the beliefs and values associated to the early use of tobacco among the young adults, seeking subjective elements to collaborate with the elaboration, application, and interpretation of the Laws. The criteria and identification of beliefs and values related to the use of tobacco in order to understand the act of smoking will be distinctively defined. This study carried out in stages. In principle, the construction of a measuring instrument, the collection of outstanding belief trends on the categories, such as, the habit of smoking and the use of tobacco among the young adults. The interviewees were comprised of twelve young adults with open-ended questions collecting demographic data, in addition to utilizing recalling/expressing/stating and investigating methods. The contents collected from the interviews were analyzed grounded on synthesis procedures, isolating and classifying the outstanding belief trends, and the characteristics for each of the categories studied. To assess the cognitive behavior component, the Scales constituted subjective contents of probability, such as, ??true/false??, ??always/never??, etc. associated with the Likert Scale. As for the value component of behavior, the Likert Scale was also used with contents expressing ??good/bad?? ??right/wrong??, etc. For evaluation, descriptive studies of the result distribution of the Scales on beliefs and values associated to them were performed. Concerning the behavior expected, Fishbein and Ajzen?s theoretical references were utilized basing the distinction among beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behavior. This project approved by the Ethics Board at FFCLRP-USP.

[pt] O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a relação entre a percepção dos filhos acerca das crenças e valores materialistas dos pais com os próprios sistemas de crenças e valores em seu percurso de desenvolvimento. Participaram da pesquisa 892 jovens, moradores dos 27 estados brasileiros e com idades entre 18 e 25 anos. De acordo com a fundamentação teórica, os pais são os principais responsáveis pela transmissão de crenças e valores aos filhos. Esse processo é dinâmico, interacional e pode ser alterado de acordo com as ênfases socioculturais e históricas de cada geração. Os jovens de 18 a 25 anos pertencem à Geração Y e seus pais, às gerações Baby Boomers e X. O estudo mostrou que, apesar das inúmeras e intensas transformações entre essas gerações no Ocidente, os valores e crenças materialistas foram transmitidos pelos pais durante a trajetória de vida dos filhos. As crenças sobre status, lucro, riqueza e autoridade podem ser utilizadas para definir os valores materialistas. A pesquisa apresentou que, no percurso da parentalidade material, a punição e a rejeição durante a adolescência estão possivelmente associadas à aquisição de valores e crenças materialistas no futuro. O estudo também apontou que, a transmissão geracional de valores e crenças materialistas pode ressaltar os objetivos de vida extrínsecos durante a trajetória de desenvolvimento. Acredita-se que esse estudo tenha contribuído para a área da Psicologia da Saúde e do Desenvolvimento. / [en] The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between children s perceptions of their parents beliefs and material values with their own belief systems and values in their developmental path. Eight hundred and ninety two young people (892), residents of the 27 Brazilian states and between the ages of 18 and 25 participated in the study. According to the theoretical framework, parents are the main responsible for the transmission of beliefs and values to their children. This process is dynamic, interactive and can be altered according to the sociocultural and historical emphases of each generation. Young people between the ages of 18 and 25 belong to generation Y and their parents, to the generations Baby Boomers and X. The study showed that, parents transmitted materialistic values and beliefs during their children s life trajectory, despite the numerous and intense transformations between these generations that happened in the West. Beliefs about status, profit, wealth, and authority can be used to define the materialistic values. The research showed that, in the course of material parenting, punishment and rejection during adolescence are possibly associated with the acquisition of materialistic values and beliefs in the future. The study also pointed out that the generational transmission of values and materialistic beliefs highlights the extrinsic life goals during the development trajectory. It is deemed that this study has contributed to the area of Health and Developmental Psychology.

This study aims to examine how professionalization and commercializationinfluence the culture of the organization in a non-profit association. The studyobject is the elite preparatory activity in a sports organization. Therespondents in this study consist of head coaches, coaches and leaders inmanagerial positions who together have contributed to empirical material inthe form of qualitative data. The results were then analyzed out of Schein'stheory of organizational culture and the three cultural levels. The conclusionstated that artifacts and espoused values were identifiable in theorganizational culture based on Schein's theory. However, the underlyingassumptions were more difficult to understand. A connection that indicates aprofessionalization and commercialization of the non-profit activity could bepointed out.

Individuals’ self-management styles are crucial for how they manage to live with illness. Commonly investigated factors include social support, self-efficacy, health beliefs, and demographics. There is a gap in the literature with regard to in-depth studies of how those factors actually influence an individual’s self-management.   The aim of this thesis was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of self-management from the perspective of individuals living with chronic illness.   Interviews were conducted with 47 individuals with various chronic illnesses, some of them repeatedly over two and a half years (a total of 107 interviews). The material was analysed with; constructive grounded theory, content analysis, phenomenography, and interpretive description.   The Self-management Support Model identified aspects that influenced participants’ self-management: economic and social situation, social support, views and perspectives on illness, attribution of responsibility, and ability to integrate self-management into an overall life situation. For example, individuals with a life-oriented or disease-oriented perspective on illness prioritized different aspects of self-management. People who attributed internal responsibility performed a more complex self-management regimen than individuals who attributed external responsibility. In conclusion, individuals who were creative and resourceful had a better chance of tailoring a self-management regimen that suited them well. People in more disadvantaged positions (e.g., financial strain, limited support, or severe intrusive illness) experienced difficulty in finding a method of self-management that fit their life situation.   These findings can inspire healthcare providers to initiate a reflective dialogue about self-management with their patients. / Exploring individuals’ conceptions as a way to understand self-management among people living with long term medical conditions

This doctoral study explores social workers’ shared understandings of spirituality as lived experience in their personal lives and professional practice. It examines Canadian social workers’ shared conceptualizations of spirituality as lived experience, what it entails, its role and purpose (why), and how it informs professional practice. Data collection involved three steps: a national publicity led to 24 completed self-screening questionnaires (SSQ); 14 in-depth interviews conducted through constructivist grounded theory’s theoretical sampling and; the preliminary findings were validated by the 24 SSQ participants. This study generated two key findings. The central concepts category of the conceptual schema of spirituality as lived experience emerged as Transcendent Life Energy (TLE) as Unconditional Love (UL) in Transformative Relationships (TR) With Self (WS) in Support of Wellbeing (SW)- i.e. TLE-UL-TR-WS-SW. Second, the conceptual schema analyzed through Self as body-mind-emotions-spirit-social (B-M-E-S-S) being—the social work practitioners—illuminated that spirituality as lived experience is about inherent, interconnected, transformative relationships that involve individuation as a life-long process that support healing, development of personal values, growth, and wellbeing in participants’ lives, their clients’ and social life. These findings unveiled interrelated discoveries of significance in social work practice. The wellbeing of Self is inherently interconnected with practitioners’ professional practice, their clients’ and others’ wellbeing. This confirmation is consistent with the concerns about the use of Self in countertransference and religion/culture. However, the personal values that participants developed through the conceptual schema were consistent with human rights and social work values; they included: respect for inherent dignity and worth of persons, self-determination, personal and professional integrity, do no harm, and social justice. Participants’ process of developing personal values exposed a distinction between beliefs and values acquired through socialization and those developed through the conceptual schema. These findings illuminate the function of social work as catalyst for transformative relationships and clarify the role of individuation as directly related to wellbeing, in the midst of cultural and embodied hegemony. Furthermore, the findings illuminate how, why, and what spirituality as lived experience entails and; highlight the multidisciplinary nature of social work practice and theory as inherently interconnected, encompassing human, natural, and social sciences. / October 2016