The diploma thesis deals mainly with aggressive tax planning of multinational companies but also mentions the practices of domestic enterprises, which lead up to the reduction of the tax liability of the entity. The main idea of the thesis is a description of indicators and the analysis of structures of companies performing aggressive tax planning. The practical part of this thesis contains model examples, which can be realized and against which it is necessary to intervene. The last chapter describes measures by which the OECD and the European Union institutions are trying to eliminate the abuse of tax laws and bilateral treaties by multinational corporations. The Czech Republic has already implemented a number of measures against aggressive tax planning, which success in this diploma thesis is tested by comparing year-by-year revenues changes from corporate income tax.

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) under Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) Action 2 indicated that tax arbitrage via hybrid mismatch arrangements "result in a substantial erosion of the taxable bases of the countries concerned" and "have an overall negative impact on competition, efficiency, transparency and fairness." The relevant action allowing for neutralising the effects of hybrid mismatch arrangements is therefore needed and justified. To achieve that purpose, the OECD developed different anti-hybrid rules under BEPS Action 2. In that regard, however, one may ask whether addressing tax arbitrage via hybrid mismatches as proposed by the OECD is of interest and relevance for developing countries. This paper aims to map that unexplored research area by means of a comparative analysis in four developing countries - Uruguay, Colombia, Brazil, and South Africa. / Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series

L’analyse de la taxation des produits islamiques dans le monde musulman révèle que celle-ci oscille entre contradiction et convergence. En effet, d’une part, les pays du monde musulman ont institué un système fiscal « moderne » similaire à celui des pays occidentaux. Aussi ont-ils œuvré pour assurer la neutralité fiscale des produits islamiques par rapport aux produits conventionnels qui satisfont le même objectif économique. Cependant, l’examen de la manière avec laquelle le système fiscal est appliqué révèle une dominance en la matière du droit positif sur le droit islamique dans lesdits pays. D’autre part, les divergences des écoles de pensées islamiques dans leur définition de certains produits peuvent créer des opportunités d’arbitrage fiscal pouvant impacter les recettes des pays. Des initiatives et des actions sont entreprises, par les pays musulmans et organisations internationales, pour renouer avec le droit islamique. Toutefois, ces initiatives et actions restent limitées. De surcroît, l’intégration de la taxation des produits islamiques dans la nouvelle tendance internationale de lutte contre l’évasion fiscale et le transfert de bénéfices (BEPS) semble être, à moyen terme, la tendance en matière fiscale dans les pays musulmans. Cependant, une réflexion profonde sur l’apport des principes du droit islamique au droit fiscal mérite d’être conduite, notamment, du fait que les principaux enjeux de la fiscalité moderne représentent la pierre angulaire de la finance islamique. / The analysis of the taxation of Islamic products in the Muslim world reveals that it oscillates between contradiction and convergence. In fact, on one hand, countries of the Muslim world have adopted a "modern" tax system similar to the one applied by the Western countries. Thus, they have worked to ensure a tax neutrality of Islamic products compared to the conventional products that fulfill the same economic objective. However, a deeper examination of the manner in which the tax system ensures the tax neutrality in Muslim countries reveals a dominance of the positive Law over the Islamic Law. On the other hand, divergences of Islamic schools of thought regarding the definition of some products can create opportunities of tax arbitrage that may impact the tax revenues of countries. Initiatives and actions are being undertaken by Muslim countries and international organizations to revive the Islamic Law. However, these initiatives and actions remain limited. Moreover, the integration of taxation of Islamic products into the new international trend against base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) appears to be, in the medium term, the tendency in taxation in Muslim countries. However, a profound reflection on the contribution of the principles of Islamic Law to tax Law deserves to be conducted, in particular, because the main issues facing the modern tax system represent the cornerstone of Islamic finance.

Diploma thesis "Tax Havens in Europe- Case Study" analyses offshore business in Europe at the turn of years 2017 and 2018 from legal and economic perspective. The first chapter is an introduction to tax havens. The second chapter clarifies legal regulations of offshore business in Europe. The third chapter applies theoretical knowledge from previous chapters in a case study.

This paper outlines the core issues of the introduction of a new PE nexus based on digital presence. It puts forward its essential features and rethinks the foundations of the concept of sourcing for income tax purposes in the global economy. Our proposal of a new PE nexus based on digital presence is also supported by a theoretical reconstruction in the light of a new dimension for the benefit theory. Our work directly relates to Action 1 of the OECD/G20 BEPS Project. However, the development of a new PE nexus is in fact not an instrument to counter BEPS, but reflects a structural revision of the criteria for allocating taxing rights on cross-border business income in the era of the digital economy. This paper should be understood as a discussion paper and first proposal to shed further light on (i) whether there is a theoretical justification for a new PE nexus based on digital presence, (ii) how a new PE nexus based on digital presence could be defined and (iii) whether and how potential implementation issues could be resolved. By publishing the present blueprints for a new PE nexus, the authors wish to provoke a more concrete discussion on this particularly important matter. (authors' abstract) / Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series

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京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(法学) / 甲第20856号 / 法博第213号 / 新制||法||161(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院法学研究科法政理論専攻 / (主査)教授 岡村 忠生, 教授 髙木 光, 教授 仲野 武志 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Laws / Kyoto University / DFAM

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Submitted by BRUNA FERRARI (bruna.camargo.ferrari@gmail.com) on 2016-09-30T02:25:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BCF_Dissertação FGV_BEPS.NEGHÍBRI.CFC_VFINAL-JUN16.pdf: 1372453 bytes, checksum: 6f32f4cb6c399d4919ddf87d5bf1c9d4 (MD5) / Rejected by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br), reason: Bruna, boa tarde Conforme mencionado ao telefone, além da ficha catalográfica, verificamos o restante da formatação: Na capa e na contra capa, retirar o nome do mestrado (MESTRADO EM DIREITO); e a sigla SP que consta ao lado de São Paulo. O restante está correto. Aguardo nova submissão. Grata. on 2016-09-30T17:31:00Z (GMT) / Submitted by BRUNA FERRARI (bruna.camargo.ferrari@gmail.com) on 2016-09-30T21:34:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BCF_Dissertação FGV_BEPS.NEGHÍBRI.CFC_VFINAL.pdf: 1372409 bytes, checksum: 09e5304ad8b5d67e453041d752134e93 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2016-09-30T21:40:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BCF_Dissertação FGV_BEPS.NEGHÍBRI.CFC_VFINAL.pdf: 1372409 bytes, checksum: 09e5304ad8b5d67e453041d752134e93 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-03T11:03:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BCF_Dissertação FGV_BEPS.NEGHÍBRI.CFC_VFINAL.pdf: 1372409 bytes, checksum: 09e5304ad8b5d67e453041d752134e93 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-30 / The research aims to analyze the impacts for multinational companies resident in Brazil of the incorporation of OECD/G20 BEPS Project recommendations contained in action 2 (related to the neutralization of the effects of hybrid mismatch arrangements) and in action 3 (related to the design of effective CFC rules) in the brazilian law. The research starts with the individualized analysis of each action to comprehend its particularities and its objectives. Afterwards, the study analyzes the brazilian legislation under each BEPS key pressure area addressed in the actions and verifies the possibilities for the OECD suggestions incorporation. At last, it measures, as a consequence of the previous analyses, the impacts on the international investments of brazilian entities. The hypothesis of the research is proved throughout the analysis, upon the conclusion that the incorporation of the recommendations to address Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS), in the brazilian legislation and according to the analyzed arguments, will encourage the investments of the multinationals resident in Brazil, as long as Brazil adopts a collaborative sovereignty, be faithful (adopt and respect) to a tax policy which does not reduce the international competitiveness of its companies and is consistent (coherent, clear and precise rules) in the incorporation of the Project’s recommendations in the domestic legislation. Thus, certainty will increase, compliance and administrative costs will be lowered and the balance between taxation and competitiveness of the multinationals will be achieved. / A pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os impactos, para as multinacionais residentes no Brasil, da incorporação das recomendações constantes da ação 2 (sobre a neutralização dos efeitos dos negócios híbridos) e da ação 3 (sobre o desenho de normas CFC eficazes) do Projeto BEPS no direito brasileiro. Parte-se da análise individualizada de cada ação, para compreender as suas particularidades e os seus objetivos. Posteriormente, examina-se a legislação brasileira sobre cada foco de BEPS tratado nas ações e verifica-se as possibilidades para a incorporação das sugestões da OCDE. Por fim, como consequência das análises anteriores, mensura-se os impactos para os investimentos internacionais das pessoas jurídicas brasileiras. A hipótese de pesquisa comprova-se ao longo da análise, ao se concluir que a incorporação das recomendações para combate à erosão da base tributária e à transferência de lucros (BEPS) — no direito brasileiro e de acordo com os argumentos analisados —, incentivará os investimentos das multinacionais residentes no Brasil, desde que o País adote uma soberania colaborativa, seja fiel (adote e respeite) a uma política tributária que não reduza a competitividade internacional de suas empresas e haja consistência (normas coerentes, claras e precisas) na incorporação das recomendações do Projeto na legislação nacional. Assim, haverá o aumento da segurança jurídica, serão reduzidos os custos com observância tributária (inclusive, os custos administrativos) e será alcançado o equilíbrio entre a tributação e a competitividade das multinacionais.