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Malmgren, P & Rang, A. När det oväntade inträffar. Litteraturstudie om vårdpersonals upplevelser i mötet med anhöriga vid plötslig död. Examensarbete i omvårdnad 15 poäng. Malmö högskola: Hälsa och Samhälle, Utbildningsområde omvårdnad, 2009.Att möta människor i sorg och kris är en del av vårdpersonalens arbete. När patienter dör plötsligt och oväntat behövs extra mycket stöd åt de anhöriga. I många fall leder ett bra omhändertagande i det akuta skedet till att krisreaktionen och sorgeprocessen underlättas för de anhöriga. Det är inte enbart språket som är det centrala i mötet, utan även det kroppsspråk som används för att förmedla något.Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva vårdpersonals upplevelser i mötet med anhöriga vid plötslig och oväntad död. Studien är en litteraturstudie som bygger på vetenskapliga artiklar, där artiklarna är av både kvantitativ och kvalitativ art. En litteratursökning gjordes för att få fram den forskning som fanns inom det valda området.Resultatet redovisas under fem teman som skapats utifrån analyserat material. De fem teman är: utbildning, känslor, kommunikation, stödsamtal och resurser. Resultaten från de olika studierna är likartade och tyder på att kunskap och upplevelser kring ämnet oväntad död inom hälso- och sjukvården har förhållit sig på samma sätt under många år. Det framgår tydligt att kunskapen i många fall är begränsad hos vårdpersonalen, när det gäller bemötande med anhöriga vid plötslig och oväntad död. / To meet people in grief and crisis is a part of the work of health staff. When patients die suddenly and unexpectedly, the relatives need extra support. In many cases, a good treatment in the acute phase, makes it easier for the family members to handle the crisis and to start the grieving process. It is not just the verbal communication that matters in the meeting, the message is also conveyed by the non-verbal communication.The aim of this study was to describe the experience of health professionals taking care of suddenly bereaved relatives. The study is a literature review based on scientific articles, quantitative as well as qualitative ones. A literature search was made to explore the research that existed in the area. The results of this review are centred around five themes, created from the analyzed material. The five themes are: education, emotions, communication, counseling and support, and resources. The results from the different studies are similar, and suggest that knowledge and experiences on the subject of unexpected death in health care have remained the same for many years. It is clear that in many cases there is a lack of knowledge among health staff taking care of suddenly bereaved families.

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Suicid är ett folkhälsoproblem i Sverige som skapar ett stort lidande hos de anhöriga som blir kvar. De efterlevande drabbas ofta av psykisk ohälsa som genererar ett ökat behov av hjälp och stöd. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka professionellas upplevelser av krisstöd till anhöriga vid suicid. Studien är kvalitativ och baseras på tio semistrukturerade intervjuer och en tematisk analys där fyra teman har identifierats. Resultatet visar att krisstöd genom stödsamtal är en viktig och central del i sorgebearbetningen, men också att ämnet suicid fortfarande är ett stigmatiserat ämne i samhället vilket kan förhindra att den efterlevande tar emot hjälp eller själv söker hjälp. En del av ansvaret för att få tillgång till krisstöd ligger hos den efterlevande själv vilket leder till ett mörkertal bland efterlevande som aldrig erhåller något krisstöd trots att behovet föreligger. Dessa fynd ligger i linje med tidigare forskning. Resultatet visar även på att det finns delar inom krisstöd som saknas samt att suicidprevention är en nyckelfaktor för att förebygga att de anhöriga någonsin ska behöva krisstöd. / Suicide is a public health problem in Sweden, which creates major suffering among the people close to the deceased. The bereaved often encounter mental illness which generates an increased need for support. The aim of this study is to examine the professionals’ experiences of existing crisis support after a suicide. This is a qualitative study based on ten semi-structured interviews and a thematic analysis where four themes have been identified. The result demonstrates that crisis support through conversations is an important and central part of the grief process, but that suicide as a topic still is stigmatized in society which can prevent the bereaved from accepting or seeking help. Some of the responsibility to get access to crisis support falls on the bereaved, leading to some of the grieving people never getting access to crisis support even though there is a need for it. These findings are in line with previous research. The result also show that parts are missing within crisis support and that suicide prevention is a key factor to prevent individuals from ever needing crisis support.

Background: Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) is now included in Section II of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, Text Revision (DSM- 5-TR). To understand the health burden and then allocate economic and professional resources, it is necessary to provide epidemiological data for this new disorder. This is especially relevant since the new diagnostic criteria differ from its predecessors, which may affect the generalizability of previous findings. More information on the characteristics of people suffering from PGD is also beneficial to better identify individuals at risk. This study, therefore, aimed to estimate the prevalence of the new PGD criteria in a representative population-based sample, evaluate the factor structure, sociodemographic, and loss-related correlates of PGD caseness and explore possible predictors. Methods: Out of a representative sample of the German general population (N = 2,531), n = 1,371 (54.2%) reported to have experienced a significant loss throughout lifetime. Participants provided sociodemographic data and loss-related characteristics. PGD symptoms were measured using items from the German versions of the Prolonged Grief Scale (PG-13) and the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), which could be matched to the DSM-5-TR criteria for PGD. Results: The conditional prevalence of PGD was 3.4% (n = 47). The most frequently reported symptoms were intense emotional pain and intense yearning or longing for the deceased. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a unidimensional model of PGD. Regression analysis demonstrated that time since the death, the relationship to the deceased, and unpreparedness for the death were significant predictors of PGD. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of 3.4% using the new diagnostic criteria is lower than the prevalence previously suggested by a meta-analysis, PGD remains a substantial disorder in the general population. In particular, the loss of a partner or child increases the risk for PGD, as does unpreparedness for the death of a loved one. Clinicians should pay particular attention to these high-risk groups. Further clinical implications are discussed.

(1) Background: The aim of the present study was to examine symptom classes of major depressive disorder (MDD), prolonged grief disorder (PGD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a sample of suicide-bereaved individuals, while accounting for loss-related characteristics. (2) Methods: A latent class analysis was conducted to identify classes of the suicide bereaved, sharing symptom profiles, in a German suicide-bereaved sample (N = 159). (3) Results: Our analyses revealed three main classes: a resilient class (16%), a class with high endorsement probability for PGD symptoms (50%), and a class with high endorsement probability for combined PGD/PTSD symptoms (34%). Prolonged grief and intrusive symptoms emerged across all classes, while MDD showed low endorsement probability. Our results indicate an association between class membership and time passed since the loss; however, this applies only to the comparison between the PGD and the resilient class, and not for the PGD/PTSD class. (4) Conclusions: Our results may provide information about the predictability of symptom clusters following suicide bereavement. The findings also represent a significant step towards tailoring treatments based on the needs of relevant suicide-bereaved subgroups through a symptom-level approach. Time passed since loss might explain differences between symptom clusters.

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Levin, J. (2024). The importance of health promotion work in grief processing - A qualitative study on different actors approaches to support young adults due to parental death. Bachelor thesis in Public Health Science. Department of Social Work, Criminology, and Public Health. University of Gävle, Sweden. The aim of this study was to investigate how different actors work to support bereavedadults between 18 to 29 years old due to parental death in a major city in Sweden. Method: A qualitative study with semi-structured interviews with four individuals that work for organisations that support the specific age group in bereavement. The data was analysed with thematic analysis and ended up with three main themes: The meeting with young adults in bereavment; Conditions for promoting health; Opportunities for improvement. The results showed that knowledge and methods differed between, public, private, and non-profit actors. Overall, the organisations experienced that they used methods which were successful in promoting well-being in young adults. They experienced capabilities to create and maintain supportive environments. The result alsoshowed that during the meetings with young adults, multiple deficiencies were revealed about other actors that the young adults had contacted for support. The conclusion of this study showed positive effects but also lacking of support in different actors approach with young adults in bereavment. Further research is needed in this field to deepen the knowledge of the effects of the used methods. It should also be studied based on the young adult’s experiences of support. An advantage may be to use practice based research where different actors, affected individuals and researchers together can come up with strategies that prevent poor health, improve supportive environments and increase the well-being of young adults in bereavment.  Keywords: young adults, bereavement, parental death, support, different actors

Yes / Children's hospices provide a range of family-centred care services, including bereavement support. Not all hospices provide specific services for grandparents. To explore how a hospice-based bereavement support group supported grandparents in their grief following the death of a grandchild. Methods: Grandparents attending a group were invited to complete an anonymous questionnaire. Questionnaires from eight groups, run between 2015 and 2019 were collated and interpreted to identify themes. Findings: 121 grandparents attended the groups; 113 returned the questionnaires (93% response). Three central themes were identified: environment and space, being with people who understand, and the opportunity to hear the stories of others. Grandparents valued hearing the stories of others, providing an opportunity to reflect on the experience of others. Conclusion: Grandparents felt supported and validated by the group. The facilitated sessions increased coping and resilience of participants, enabling grandparents to support their partner, adult children and surviving grandchildren more effectively.

Yes / Care after the death of a child and support of their bereaved family is an important element of the services offered by children’s hospices in the United Kingdom. The study aims to explore the emotional challenges of those delivering care to families of children in hospice cool rooms. An internet-based questionnaire was sent to all practitioners to explore their perspectives of providing care to bereaved families whilst the child’s body was in the hospice, as well as caring for a child’s body after death. In total, 94.9% (n=56) of staff responded. Two key themes were identified that represent the emotional challenges perceived by staff: the impact of deterioration of a child’s body; and witnessing the acute grief of families. Practitioners seek to provide care that recognises the importance of family and demonstrates family-centred care, as well as supporting families to deal with the changes that occur after death. Organisations can support practitioners to deliver care in cool rooms by providing training and education on anticipating and managing the pathophysiological changes that occur after death as well as training in grief and loss, and how to support a bereaved family. / Research Development Fund Publication Prize Award winner, May 2021.