This study offers the so-called ”Choice-Based Perspective” of the choice-of-law question or “CBP”. Drawing on the legal philosophy of Immanuel Kant and through careful evaluation of comprehensive theory of Kant’s follower- Friedrich Carl von Savigny, CBP offers a purely private conception of the subject which rejects the conventional wisdom that choice-of-law has to be grounded on the principle of states’ sovereignty. Furthermore, it will be argued that the proposed approach holds much sway in practice, for the normative underpinnings of CBP are already embedded in many traditional and contemporary choice-of-law rules, doctrines, and concepts.

This study offers the so-called ”Choice-Based Perspective” of the choice-of-law question or “CBP”. Drawing on the legal philosophy of Immanuel Kant and through careful evaluation of comprehensive theory of Kant’s follower- Friedrich Carl von Savigny, CBP offers a purely private conception of the subject which rejects the conventional wisdom that choice-of-law has to be grounded on the principle of states’ sovereignty. Furthermore, it will be argued that the proposed approach holds much sway in practice, for the normative underpinnings of CBP are already embedded in many traditional and contemporary choice-of-law rules, doctrines, and concepts.

Investors have been shown to be driven by emotional and psychological factors. This contradicts classical financial theories, for example the Efficient Market hypothesis which states that all investors act rationally. Behavioural Finance is an area of study which describes various psychological factors which may result in irrational investor behaviour. The primary question of the study is: which factors do operating people in the financial sector consider themselves to be influenced by? The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors which affect the process of creating forecasts or making financial decisions. The study examines in addition if there is a correlation between length of investor experience and overconfidence in forecasting accuracy and investment decision making. The study includes both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The study has a basis of survey data which has been supplemented with interviews to obtain further explanation of the results. The result showed that the factors being studied had varying degrees of influence on forecasting accuracy and investment decision making. It was further found through the survey undertaken that there is a moderate correlation between length of investor experience and overconfidence. This correlation was contradicted however by interview data, in which all interview participants proposed that overconfidence decreases the more experienced an investor or analyst is. It was argued by interviewees that increased experience affords an individual more realistic insight into their own abilities. / Investerare har påvisats drivas av emotionella och psykologiska faktorer vilket motsäger klassiska finansiella teorier som den Effektiva Marknadshypotesen vilket menar att alla investerare agerar rationellt. Finansiell Psykologi är således ett område som beskriver olika psykologiska faktorer som resulterar i att investerare agerar irrationellt. Tidigare forskning har visat att olika faktorer har påverkan inom finansbranschen och för att undersöka detta på den svenska marknaden skapades denna problemformulering: Vilka faktorer anser sig verksamma inom finansbranschen påverkas av? Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka faktorer som bland annat påverkar processen att skapa aktieprognoser eller fatta finansiella beslut. Därtill ska det undersökas om det finns korrelation mellan antal år som verksam och Övertro på egna förmågan att göra korrekta prognoser eller fatta finansiella beslut. Studien innefattar en metodtriangulering vilket innebär att det både skett tillämpning av en kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod. Studien har haft en utgångspunkt i en surveyundersökning som genomfört för att sedan kompletterats med intervjuer för att få vidare förklaring till de resultat som undersökningen gav samt ge ytterligare synvinklar och kommentarer kring ämnet. Resultatet visade att de undersökta faktorerna i olika hög grad har påverkan. Det visade sig även via surveyundersökningen att det fanns ett moderat samband mellan antal år som verksam och Övertro. Samtliga intervjuade personer hade däremot en motsägande åsikt, de ansåg att Övertro minskar med antal år som verksam och hävdade att den erfarenhet man får på vägen får en som individ att bli mer realistiskt kring sin egen förmåga.

With some help of a few interviews, with children, and some staff members, in two different schools, I hope to answer the question: if the picture of the operation, that the children and the staff are having, has some similarities, and I will try to compare these pictures with what some legal documents such as Lgr 11 and Kvalitet I Fritidshem is saying about daycare opera-tions? To be able to run a successful daycare center, is never an easy thing. The key to success is to make parties, like the staff, children and their parents to feel happiness, when it comes to things around and about the daycare center. The result shows that both the children and the staff are expressing a frustration around the daycare operation, because they feel that there being wrongly answered, by a higher authority. The children are frustrated of how the staff is answering them about different things and the staff is frustrated about how the headmasters are answering them. The staff has some improvements to do, when it comes to their commu-nication between them, about their answering of the children. It is obvious that the pictures that the staff is having of the operation, doesn’t always match the pictures that the children have of the same reality.

Em sua essência, o capital de giro corresponde aos recursos aplicados no ativo circulante das empresas, o qual é formado basicamente pelos estoques, contas a receber e disponibilidades. Em uma abordagem mais ampla, pode-se contemplar também os passivos circulantes, de forma que a administração do capital de giro estará sempre relacionada diretamente com os problemas de gestão dos ativos e passivos circulantes e com as inter-relações entre esses grupos patrimoniais. Um dos grandes desafios da gestão financeira das empresas está exatamente na projeção e correto dimensionamento do capital de giro necessário para viabilizar suas operações, assim como o estabelecimento das fontes equilibradas em termos de prazo e custos para o seu financiamento. Os recursos aplicados nos ativos cíclicos encontram-se em constante movimentação ao longo dos processos operacionais da firma, e a sua administração torna-se ainda mais complexa para as empresas do ramo industrial, em função do ciclo de produção e do ciclo financeiro, que normalmente demandam ainda mais recursos e seus efeitos são mais rápidos, o que exige constante atenção e monitoramento por parte dos gestores financeiros. Dada a relevância do tema, este trabalho busca quantificar de forma objetiva (através da aplicação de um modelo de avaliação de empresas), o quanto a gestão eficiente do capital de giro de uma empresa pode efetivamente trazer mais valor ao negócio e, por conseqüência, ao acionista. A proposta deste estudo, portanto, consiste em avaliar o comportamento do capital de giro de uma empresa industrial fabricante de utilidades domésticas ao longo de um determinado período e aplicar os números das demonstrações financeiras da empresa a um modelo de gestão deste capital, visando demonstrar que uma utilização mais adequada dos ativos e passivos operacionais é capaz de trazer melhor desempenho financeiro para a firma ao longo do tempo, gerando maior valor para a empresa e acionistas. / In essence, the working capital corresponds to the funds invested in assets of companies, which is basically formed by inventories, accounts receivable and cash. In a broader approach, one can also consider the liabilities, so that management of working capital is always directly related to the problems of management of current assets and current liabilities and the interrelationships between these asset groups. One of the great challenges of corporate financial management is exactly the projection and correct sizing of the working capital needed to support its operations, as well as the establishment of balanced sources in terms of time and costs to financing. The funds invested in cyclical assets are in constant movement along the operational processes of the firm and its management becomes even more complex for companies in the industrial sector, in terms of the production cycle and the financial cycle, which normally require further resources and their effects are faster, requiring constant attention and monitoring by financial managers. Given the relevance of the topic, this work seeks to quantify objectively (by applying a valuation model of firms), as the efficient management of working capital of a company can effectively bring more value to the business and, consequently, shareholder. The purpose of this study therefore is to assess the behavior of the working capital of a manufacturer of industrial enterprise house wares over a specified period and submit the numbers of the financial statements of the company to a management model of this capital, seeking to establish that better use of operating assets and liabilities is able to bring better financial performance for the firm over time, generating greater value to the firm and its shareholders.

Within the research field of management controlling systems, a contrasting debate has evolved about budgeting. The market environment has become more dynamic where traditional budgeting, better budgeting and beyond budgeting have received significant observation to establish what alternative that is mostly suitable for the current market situation. With rapid changes in the market environment, a traditional budget can quickly become obsolete. To help ground research in practice, we examine how the budgeting process is characterized from a short-term operational and long-term strategic perspective in modern organizations. Furthermore, we shed light on what functions the budget and/or its other management controlling system(s) fulfills. As researchers and practitioners claim that traditional budgets are among others static, inflexible and time-consuming, we investigate to what extent these corresponds to the views of the CFOs and Bank Directors interviewed for this study. To fulfill our purpose, we conducted a multiple-case study. The data is obtained through a qualitative strategy with elements of a quantitative. Our empirical data is primarily collected through interviews. We complemented with a questionnaire where the interviewees provide their standpoints on the criticism against traditional budgeting. The analysis is carried out with a qualitative approach. The result from this thesis illuminates that traditional, better and beyond budgeting is present in the studied organizations. Nevertheless, the study concludes that the positive aspects of a traditional budget outweighs its downsides despite criticism and market environmental factors.

Em sua essência, o capital de giro corresponde aos recursos aplicados no ativo circulante das empresas, o qual é formado basicamente pelos estoques, contas a receber e disponibilidades. Em uma abordagem mais ampla, pode-se contemplar também os passivos circulantes, de forma que a administração do capital de giro estará sempre relacionada diretamente com os problemas de gestão dos ativos e passivos circulantes e com as inter-relações entre esses grupos patrimoniais. Um dos grandes desafios da gestão financeira das empresas está exatamente na projeção e correto dimensionamento do capital de giro necessário para viabilizar suas operações, assim como o estabelecimento das fontes equilibradas em termos de prazo e custos para o seu financiamento. Os recursos aplicados nos ativos cíclicos encontram-se em constante movimentação ao longo dos processos operacionais da firma, e a sua administração torna-se ainda mais complexa para as empresas do ramo industrial, em função do ciclo de produção e do ciclo financeiro, que normalmente demandam ainda mais recursos e seus efeitos são mais rápidos, o que exige constante atenção e monitoramento por parte dos gestores financeiros. Dada a relevância do tema, este trabalho busca quantificar de forma objetiva (através da aplicação de um modelo de avaliação de empresas), o quanto a gestão eficiente do capital de giro de uma empresa pode efetivamente trazer mais valor ao negócio e, por conseqüência, ao acionista. A proposta deste estudo, portanto, consiste em avaliar o comportamento do capital de giro de uma empresa industrial fabricante de utilidades domésticas ao longo de um determinado período e aplicar os números das demonstrações financeiras da empresa a um modelo de gestão deste capital, visando demonstrar que uma utilização mais adequada dos ativos e passivos operacionais é capaz de trazer melhor desempenho financeiro para a firma ao longo do tempo, gerando maior valor para a empresa e acionistas. / In essence, the working capital corresponds to the funds invested in assets of companies, which is basically formed by inventories, accounts receivable and cash. In a broader approach, one can also consider the liabilities, so that management of working capital is always directly related to the problems of management of current assets and current liabilities and the interrelationships between these asset groups. One of the great challenges of corporate financial management is exactly the projection and correct sizing of the working capital needed to support its operations, as well as the establishment of balanced sources in terms of time and costs to financing. The funds invested in cyclical assets are in constant movement along the operational processes of the firm and its management becomes even more complex for companies in the industrial sector, in terms of the production cycle and the financial cycle, which normally require further resources and their effects are faster, requiring constant attention and monitoring by financial managers. Given the relevance of the topic, this work seeks to quantify objectively (by applying a valuation model of firms), as the efficient management of working capital of a company can effectively bring more value to the business and, consequently, shareholder. The purpose of this study therefore is to assess the behavior of the working capital of a manufacturer of industrial enterprise house wares over a specified period and submit the numbers of the financial statements of the company to a management model of this capital, seeking to establish that better use of operating assets and liabilities is able to bring better financial performance for the firm over time, generating greater value to the firm and its shareholders.

Em sua essência, o capital de giro corresponde aos recursos aplicados no ativo circulante das empresas, o qual é formado basicamente pelos estoques, contas a receber e disponibilidades. Em uma abordagem mais ampla, pode-se contemplar também os passivos circulantes, de forma que a administração do capital de giro estará sempre relacionada diretamente com os problemas de gestão dos ativos e passivos circulantes e com as inter-relações entre esses grupos patrimoniais. Um dos grandes desafios da gestão financeira das empresas está exatamente na projeção e correto dimensionamento do capital de giro necessário para viabilizar suas operações, assim como o estabelecimento das fontes equilibradas em termos de prazo e custos para o seu financiamento. Os recursos aplicados nos ativos cíclicos encontram-se em constante movimentação ao longo dos processos operacionais da firma, e a sua administração torna-se ainda mais complexa para as empresas do ramo industrial, em função do ciclo de produção e do ciclo financeiro, que normalmente demandam ainda mais recursos e seus efeitos são mais rápidos, o que exige constante atenção e monitoramento por parte dos gestores financeiros. Dada a relevância do tema, este trabalho busca quantificar de forma objetiva (através da aplicação de um modelo de avaliação de empresas), o quanto a gestão eficiente do capital de giro de uma empresa pode efetivamente trazer mais valor ao negócio e, por conseqüência, ao acionista. A proposta deste estudo, portanto, consiste em avaliar o comportamento do capital de giro de uma empresa industrial fabricante de utilidades domésticas ao longo de um determinado período e aplicar os números das demonstrações financeiras da empresa a um modelo de gestão deste capital, visando demonstrar que uma utilização mais adequada dos ativos e passivos operacionais é capaz de trazer melhor desempenho financeiro para a firma ao longo do tempo, gerando maior valor para a empresa e acionistas. / In essence, the working capital corresponds to the funds invested in assets of companies, which is basically formed by inventories, accounts receivable and cash. In a broader approach, one can also consider the liabilities, so that management of working capital is always directly related to the problems of management of current assets and current liabilities and the interrelationships between these asset groups. One of the great challenges of corporate financial management is exactly the projection and correct sizing of the working capital needed to support its operations, as well as the establishment of balanced sources in terms of time and costs to financing. The funds invested in cyclical assets are in constant movement along the operational processes of the firm and its management becomes even more complex for companies in the industrial sector, in terms of the production cycle and the financial cycle, which normally require further resources and their effects are faster, requiring constant attention and monitoring by financial managers. Given the relevance of the topic, this work seeks to quantify objectively (by applying a valuation model of firms), as the efficient management of working capital of a company can effectively bring more value to the business and, consequently, shareholder. The purpose of this study therefore is to assess the behavior of the working capital of a manufacturer of industrial enterprise house wares over a specified period and submit the numbers of the financial statements of the company to a management model of this capital, seeking to establish that better use of operating assets and liabilities is able to bring better financial performance for the firm over time, generating greater value to the firm and its shareholders.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the quality of design, materials, construction, appearance, and performance of mens 100% cotton jersey knit t-shirts from three retail categories: mass merchant, fast fashion, and better. These retail categories were represented by brands Fruit of the Loom, H&M, and Brooks Brothers, respectively. A convenience sample was comprised of 78 t-shirts. 13 white and 13 navy t-shirts from each brand were used for testing according to ASTM and AATCC standards and specifications. Evaluations and measurements were conducted before washing, and after one, five, ten, and twenty laundry cycles. The t-shirts were evaluated for fabric weight, fabric count, color change, whiteness change, crocking, smoothness appearance, bursting strength, pilling, dimensional stability, and skewness. The navy t-shirts in the ‘better’ retail category met five out of the six requirements specified by the ASTM standard. However, the navy t-shirts in the ‘fast fashion’ category met four out of five met by the ‘better’ category. In conclusion, the decision to purchase a t-shirt from these retail categories may depend on consumer expectations.

In my graduation thesis I was interested in personnel activities in company Servant, a. s. This company offers logistic services. First I described this firm, then I analysed each personnel activity and I found some problems and made a suggestions for better situation in firm. During my graduation thesis I gathered information from expert literature, from firm's documents and from information which I extracted from personal interview with firm's employee. I think that this company has some problems in personnel activities but in my opinion it works positively.