Global ETD Search

1	Les maîtres du fer : des ouvriers métallurgistes de Bhopal et de leur confrontation avec l’incertitude / Lohar pati, the Iron Masters : identity and Work Cultures amongst Bhopal's Metal Workers. Kaba, Arnaud 15 March 2018 (has links) Cette thèse part de l’étude de l’espace social de deux groupes d’ouvriers métallurgistes de Bhopal. L’un est composé de musulmans habitant dans les quartiers autoconstruits pollués suite à la catastrophe industrielle qui a marqué l’histoire contemporaine de la ville et travaillant dans des ateliers de métallurgie au sein de la vieille ville. L’autre est formé majoritairement d’hindous venant de villages parfois éloignés employés sur des chantiers de viaduc dans Bhopal et ses environs. Tous deux travaillent dans le secteur informel, dans un rapport à l’emploi incertain. En explorant leurs relations hors travail, elle décrit la manière dont se construisent les rapports sociaux et les représentations collectives. Elle montre également comment la confrontation à l’incertitude marquant de nombreux aspects de leur quotidien ainsi que le rapport au travail interagissent avec ces constructions. En s’intéressant à la nature des relations au travail et à celle des rapports de domination, elle montre que les travailleurs ont de nombreuses marges de négociation, malgré une importante résurgence du paternalisme combinée à une faiblesse globale des protections concrètes. En s’appuyant sur une ethnographie des techniques et du rapport au corps engagé dans le labeur, elle montre que les idéologies en découlant, trop rarement étudiées, constituent le cœur d’un système de valeurs qui permet de légitimer les hiérarchies, mais aussi de les stabiliser, de les remettre en cause et de rendre possible une mobilité sociale grâce au talent. Mais il est également menacé par l’incertitude qui pèse sur ces cultures de la mètis dans un environnement technologique en profonde mutation et une configuration sociologique dans laquelle la valorisation de l’enseignement supérieur est toujours plus hégémonique. / This doctoral thesis starts with the study of the social space of two groups of metal workers in Bhopal. The first one is made of Muslim inhabitants of the polluted neighborhoods which have been contaminated following the 1984 industrial disaster who work in the Old City’s metal workshops. The other one in made of a majority of Hindus coming from the rural hinterland, sometimes from distant villages, and hired in the flyover construction yards in and around Bhopal. Both are working in the informal sector, and experiment uncertain conditions of employment. By exploring their relationships outside of work it describes the way their social relations and their collective representations are constructing themselves. It also shows how the confronting with uncertainty and their relationship to work are interacting with these social constructs. It shifts then its focus to the relationships on the shop floor, the nature of the labour and domination relationships and it shows that the workers have many margins of negotiation, in spite of an important resurgence of paternalistic structures combined with weak empirical protections. Then, the thesis makes an ethnography of the techniques and the body commitment involved in the labour process in order to unveil ideologies of labour which constitute the core of a value system which allows to legitimate the hierarchical positions but also to contest it, and allows a social mobility based on skills. But this system is also threatened by the uncertainty of these cultures of mètis in a technological environment which experiments a deep technological mutation and a social context where the valorization of the academic education becomes more and more hegemonic. Travail Incertitude Métallurgie Inde Bhopal Labour Uncertainty Metalworks India Bhopal
2	When coporations migrate south: rethinking citizenship and privileged migrant mobilities for equitable development Pariyadath, Renu 01 May 2015 (has links) Since the 1990s, governments of migrant sending and receiving countries, policy institutes, the United Nations and allied international financial institutions, and migration researchers in the academy have shown a heightened interest in the role that diasporas can play in the development of the Global South. As government responsibility to social welfare recedes and as humanitarian aid shrinks, these stakeholders have looked toward the wealth offered by diasporas. The resultant discourse of diaspora and development, the dissertation argues, is changing the meaning of the discursive construction of "diaspora" in its articulation with the concurrent construct of "development". This presents scholars with new challenges in studying diaspora and transnationalism. The expansion of who gets to be counted as diaspora and its articulation with newly extended diasporic citizenship limits the nature of citizenship to the performative and to the exclusive domain of giving. Accordingly, the study examines the communicate and relational practices of Association for India's Development (AID), a 1000-volunteer-strong migrant Indian non-profit organization in the United States, to critique and expand the diaspora and development discourse. Through an extended case study of AID's practice and performance of citizenship, this study makes contributions to theories about the space of `home' and its relation to the practice of politics; migrant presence and performance of citizenship in the Global North; diasporic interventions in the discourse of development; and strategic mobilizing for broad-based social justice issues. First, the dissertation unpacks the meaning-making practices that AID volunteers associate with the construct `development', and demonstrates how the volunteers' discourse of "development as sustainability" challenges notions of charity and the brain metaphor trafficking in policy reports and scholarship. The study then examines the treatment of diasporic imaginings of home in theory and migration policy, juxtaposed with AID's practices related to India arguing that practices of deconstructing home/nation allow this organization to center diasporic privilege rather than loss. This allows for less common alliance-building practices with populations from historically marginalized religious, caste and class backgrounds and a centering of marginalized voices within multiple diasporic homes. The dissertation also examines annual die-ins by AID's Austin chapter, staged in solidarity with survivors of the Bhopal gas disaster of 1984 that complicates the notion of presence in theorizations of transformation in new forms of citizenship. The study finally takes an ethnographic peek into an education project that used to be supported by AID in India. The backstage organizing work studied, suggests that what seems like a single-issue movement strategically employs universal discourses of `quality education' for organizing multiple publics. The study required multi-sited critical ethnographic fieldwork in the United States and in India, participant observation, in-depth interviews, and rhetorical/discourse analyses of AID's practices. The study offers a people-centered exploration of diaspora engagement with social development, which is difficult to grasp solely through research informed by macro-level and quantitative data. Overall, this work complicates the monolithic understanding of development in current research on diaspora and development, demonstrating that local and transnational actors both participate in, and challenge the development discourse to communicatively and relationally address issues of social development and transnational environmental justice. Bhopal Development Diaspora India Migration Non-Profit Organization Communication
3	Disaster and the dynamics of memory Bisht, Pawas January 2013 (has links) Calls for examining the interrelations between individual and collective processes of remembering have been repeatedly made within the field of memory studies. With the tendency being to focus on either the individual or the collective level, there have been few studies that have undertaken this task in an empirically informed manner. This thesis seeks to engage in such an examination by undertaking a multi-level study of the remembrance of the Bhopal gas disaster of 1984. The gas leak in Bhopal (India) was one of the world s worst industrial disasters and has seen a long-running political contestation involving state institutions, social movement organisations (SMOs) and individual survivors. Employing an ethnographic methodology, incorporating interviews, participant observation and archival research, the study seeks to examine similarities and divergences in how these institutional, group-level and individual actors have remembered the disaster. It identifies the factors that modulated these remembrances and focuses on examining the nature of their interrelationship. The study conceptualises remembering as memory-work : an active process of meaning-making in relation to the past. The memory-work of state institutions was examined within the judicial and commemorative domains. The analysis demonstrates how state institutions engaged in a limiting of the meaning of the disaster removing from view the transnational causality of the event and the issue of corporate liability. It tracks how the survivors suffering was dehistoricised and contained within the framework of a localized claims bureaucracy. The examination of SMO memory-work focused on the activities of the two most prominent groups working in Bhopal. The analysis reveals how both organisations emphasise the continuing suffering of the survivors to challenge the state s settlement of the event. However, clear differences are outlined between the two groups in the wider frameworks of meaning employed by them to explain the suffering, assign responsibility and define justice. Memory-work at the individual level was accessed in the memory narratives of individual survivors generated through ethnographic interviews. The study examined how individual survivors have made sense of the lived experience of suffering caused by the disaster and its aftermath. The analysis revealed how the frameworks of meaning imposed by the state are deeply incommensurate with the survivors needs to express the multi-dimensionality of their suffering; it tracks how the state imposed identities are resisted but cannot be entirely overcome in individual remembrance. Engagement with the activities of the SMOs is demonstrated as enabling the development of an alternative activist remembrance for a limited group of survivors. Overall, the thesis seeks to provide a complex and empirically grounded account of the relations between the inner, individual level processes of memory linked to lived experience and the wider, historically inflected, collective and institutional registers of remembrance. The examination of the encounters between these diverse individual and collective remembrances in the context of an on-going political contestation allows the study to contribute to ongoing discussions within the field about memory politics in a global age and memory and justice. 363.17
4	Toxic Relief: Science, Uncertainty, and Medicine after Bhopal Hanna, Bridget Corbett January 2014 (has links) This dissertation is a study of science and medicine after the gas disaster in1984 in Bhopal, India. It looks at the discourses, debates, suspicions, and entangled events that have shaped the narratives of causality following the catastrophe, and the ways that ideas about relief, treatment, and illness have been constructed by experts, lay activists, and survivors. In it I address the issues of suspicion, research, and power by looking at the "cyanide controversy" in the early years after the disaster, and at the ways that the consequences of uncertainty affect patients and doctors within the hospital system designed to provide "gas relief" in the aftermath. I also describe the range of ways gas survivors have categorized and produced as subjects and citizens through an analysis of epidemiological, legal, and political discussions. I take on the history of medical research after the event, and show how a vast corpus of scientific work has remained dispersed and underutilized, leaving room for sometimes-dangerous narratives of certain illness or death. Finally, I look at the consequences of this indeterminacy for care and healing. I assess access to treatments, the diversity of medical care, the undermining of the status of the gas exposed, and the ways that detoxification has been approached through notions of dosage, potency, and traditional medicine. I produce a sociology of knowledge about the catastrophe and contribute to literatures on the problem of epistemic uncertainty and risk after disasters, the production of medicalized subjects, and the politicization of knowledge. I argue that interventions that have tried to encompass the disaster within a unitary framework have been persistently inadequate, and illustrate how attempts to reduce or subsume the consequences of the disaster - through recourse to scientific indeterminacy, under reductionist legal mechanisms, by imprecise categorization schema, within flawed research methodologies, and among hollow medical infrastructures - have not only failed to meaningfully represent it but also resulted in predictable forms of reductionist violence and social suffering, through obfuscation as often as through action. / Anthropology Cultural anthropology History of science Environmental health Bhopal disaster environment knowlege medicine uncertainty
5	News Framing of the 1984 Bhopal Gas Leak in India and the 2010 BP Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico: A Content Analysis of The New York Times and The Washington Post Coverage Lou, Chen 26 July 2011 (has links) No description available. Journalism News Framing Press Nationalism BP oil spill Bhopal gas leak
6	Parent Company Liability for Torts of Subsidiaries : A Comparative Study of Swedish and UK Company Law with Emphasis on Piercing the Corporate Veil and Implications for Victims of Torts and Human Rights Violations Lindblad, Matilda January 2020 (has links) The gas leak disaster in Bhopal, India, in 1984 illustrates a situation of catastrophe and mass torts resulting in loss of life and health as well as environmental degradation. The Indian company Union Carbide India Limited, who owned and operated the chemical plant that caused the disaster, did not have sufficient assets to compensate the victims in contrast to its financially well-equipped US parent company Union Carbide Corporation. The courts never reached a decision regarding parent company liability for the subsidiary’s debts arising from tort claims against the subsidiary. However, where the subsidiary cannot satisfy its tort creditors, as in the Bhopal case, questions regarding parent company liability become highly relevant in relation to both foreign and domestic subsidiaries. Therefore, parent company liability for subsidiaries’ torts is discussed in this thesis with reference to Swedish and UK company law and with a focus on the tort creditors’ situation and the business and human rights debate. From limited liability for shareholders and each company being a separate legal entity follows that a parent company is not liable for its subsidiaries’ debts in neither Swedish nor UK company law. These concepts serve the important function of facilitating risk-taking and entrepreneurial activities. However, they also contribute to the problem of uncompensated tort victims arising where a subsidiary is involved in liability- producing activities but lacks assets to compensate the tort victims. Where limited liability and each company being a separate legal entity leads to particularly inappropriate results, the doctrine of piercing the corporate veil in both Sweden and the UK allows the court to disregard the separate legal personalities and hold the parent company liable for its subsidiary’s acts or omissions. The doctrine is characterised by uncertainty and is seemingly only available under exceptional circumstances. The doctrine does little to mitigate the problems for subsidiaries’ tort creditors at large. The business and human rights debate calls for access to judicial remedies for victims of businesses’ human rights violations. As some human rights violations can form the basis of a tort claim, it is relevant to discuss parent company liability according to company law in relation to human rights violations. The United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights emphasise the need to ensure that corporate law does not prevent access to judicial remedies. However, the company law regulation of liability in company groups seems in practice to function as an obstacle for access to judicial remedies for human rights victims, particularly when also considering the inadequate legal regimes in some host states and the hurdles of jurisdiction and applicable law in multinational company groups. It is concluded in this thesis that the company law regulation of liability in company groups is seemingly not equipped to meet the challenges arising with the development of company groups, the global reach of the private business sector, the risks of mass torts and the influence of the business sector on human rights. Company Law Piercing the Corporate Veil Lifting the Corporate Veil Business and Human Rights Tort Creditor Company Group Multinational Company Group Limited Liability Bhopal Human Rights UK Company Law Swedish Company Law UNGPs Parent Company Liability Subsidiaries' Debts Subsidiaries' Torts. Associationsrätt Ansvarsgenombrott Mänskliga rättigheter Företagande och mänskliga rättigheter Moderbolags ansvar Dotterbolags skulder Dotterbolags skadevållande Skadestånd koncern multinationell koncern Bhopal Law Juridik
7	Transnational Corporations and Human Rights : Assessing the position of TNCs within international human rights law, and the appropriateness of an international treaty on business and human rights Söderlund, Erik January 2018 (has links) Transnational corporations are playing an important role in the global economy of today. Many of these corporations have great economic resources and have the possibility of contributing to the development of societies in developing states. At the same time, in their search for profit, the activities of TNCs have proven fatal to some of the individuals employed by them, or otherwise in contact with their activities. Within the international legal framework, corporations are not traditionally treated as subjects and if a TNC allocates its production to a state with lax human rights protection, no binding international standards exist to regulate the conduct of the corporation. In my thesis I will assess the position of TNCs under the present core human rights instruments and soft law initiatives. I will also analyze a draft treaty text produced by the Intergovernmental Working Group on Business and Human Rights, released in July 2018, to reach a conclusion on whether such an instrument would affect the international legal status of TNCs and provide a more robust protection of international human rights. Human rights corporation corporations transnational corporation transnational corporations business businesses TNC TNCs treaty law draft treaty intergovernmental woking group United Nations Bhopal Rana Plaza international law Ruggie John Ruggie Ruggie pricniples pillar labour labour law labour rights CSR Corporate social responsibility guiding principles UN global compact global compact ILO jus cogens customary law OECD ICCPR ICESCR state-centrism Bilateral investment treaty ILC WTO World trade organization International law commission legal personality företag mänskliga rättigheter traktat traktaträtt juridisk person folkrätt internationell rätt FN Förenta Nationerna Ruggie Jhon Ruggie Arbetsrätt Globala målen företagspolicy Amnesty International Human Rights Watch Law (excluding Law and Society)

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