Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-11T17:32:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JhonnataBezerraDeCarvalho_DISSERT.pdf: 3154941 bytes, checksum: aab207a1be81d327327698a3f8ff9a2d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-15T21:46:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JhonnataBezerraDeCarvalho_DISSERT.pdf: 3154941 bytes, checksum: aab207a1be81d327327698a3f8ff9a2d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-15T21:46:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JhonnataBezerraDeCarvalho_DISSERT.pdf: 3154941 bytes, checksum: aab207a1be81d327327698a3f8ff9a2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O classificador M?quina de Suporte Vetorial, que vem do termo em ingl?s \textit{Support Vector Machine}, ? utilizado em diversos problemas em v?rias ?reas do conhecimento. Basicamente o m?todo utilizado nesse classificador ? encontrar o hiperplano que maximiza a dist?ncia entre os grupos, para aumentar o poder de generaliza??o do classificador. Neste trabalho, s?o tratados alguns problemas de classifica??o bin?ria com dados obtidos atrav?s da eletroencefalografia (EEG) e eletromiografia (EMG), utilizando a M?quina de Suporte Vetorial com algumas t?cnicas complementares, destacadas a seguir como: An?lise de Componentes Principais para a identifica??o de regi?es ativas do c?rebro, o m?todo do periodograma que ? obtido atrav?s da An?lise de Fourier, para ajudar a discriminar os grupos e a suaviza??o por M?dias M?veis Simples para a redu??o dos ru?dos existentes nos dados. Foram desenvolvidas duas fun??es no $software$ \textbf{R}, para a realiza??o das tarefas de treinamento e classifica??o. Al?m disso, foram propostos 2 sistemas de pesos e uma medida sumarizadora para auxiliar na decis?o do grupo pertencente. A aplica??o dessas t?cnicas, pesos e a medida sumarizadora no classificador, mostraram resultados bastantes satisfat?rios, em que os melhores resultados encontrados foram, uma taxa m?dia de acerto de 95,31\% para dados de est?mulos visuais, 100\% de classifica??o correta para dados de epilepsia e taxas de acerto de 91,22\% e 96,89\% para dados de movimentos de objetos para dois indiv?duos. / The classifier support vector machine is used in several problems in various areas of knowledge. Basically the method used in this classier is to end the hyperplane that maximizes the distance between the groups, to increase the generalization of the classifier. In this work, we treated some problems of binary classification of data obtained by electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) using Support Vector Machine with some complementary techniques, such as: Principal Component Analysis to identify the active regions of the brain, the periodogram method which is obtained by Fourier analysis to help discriminate between groups and Simple Moving Average to eliminate some of the existing noise in the data. It was developed two functions in the software R, for the realization of training tasks and classification. Also, it was proposed two weights systems and a summarized measure to help on deciding in classification of groups. The application of these techniques, weights and the summarized measure in the classier, showed quite satisfactory results, where the best results were an average rate of 95.31% to visual stimuli data, 100% of correct classification for epilepsy data and rates of 91.22% and 96.89% to object motion data for two subjects.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:54:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarciaMCC.pdf: 1219134 bytes, checksum: ac1b2a477dbba14862bddf74f1be2d43 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-05 / This work present a interval approach to deal with images with that contain uncertainties, as well, as treating these uncertainties through morphologic operations. Had been presented two intervals models. For the first, is introduced an algebraic space with three values, that was constructed based in the tri-valorada logic of Lukasiewiecz. With this algebraic structure, the theory of the interval binary images, that extends the classic binary model with the inclusion of the uncertainty information, was introduced. The same one can be applied to represent certain binary images with uncertainty in pixels, that it was originated, for example, during the process of the acquisition of the image. The lattice structure of these images, allow the definition of the morphologic operators, where the uncertainties are treated locally. The second model, extend the classic model to the images in gray levels, where the functions that represent these images are mapping in a finite set of interval values. The algebraic structure belong the complete lattices class, what also it allow the definition of the elementary operators of the mathematical morphology, dilation and erosion for this images. Thus, it is established a interval theory applied to the mathematical morphology to deal with problems of uncertainties in images / Este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem intervalar para lidar com imagens que cont?m incertezas, bem como tratar essas incertezas atrav?s de opera??es morfol?gicas. Foram apresentados dois modelos intervalares. Para o primeiro, ? introduzido um espa?o alg?brico com tr?s valores que foi constru?do com base na l?gica tri-valorada de Lukasiewiecz. Com essa estrutura alg?brica, introduz-se a teoria das imagens bin?rias intervalares, que estende o modelo cl?ssico bin?rio, com a inclus?o da informa??o de incerteza. A mesma pode ser aplicada para representar imagens bin?rias com incerteza em certos pixels, que foi originada, por exemplo, durante o processo da aquisi??o da imagem. A estrutura reticular dessas imagens permite a defini??o de operadores morfol?gicos, onde as incertezas s?o tratadas localmente. O segundo modelo, estende o modelo cl?ssico para imagens em n?veis de cinza, onde as fun??es que representam essas imagens s?o mapeadas em um conjunto finito de valores intervalares. A estrutura alg?brica desse conjunto pertence a classe dos reticulados completos, o que permite a defini??o dos operadores elementares da morfologia matem?tica, dilata??o e eros?o para essas imagens. Dessa forma, fica estabelecida uma teoria intervalar aplicada ? morfologia matem?tica para tratar problemas de incertezas em imagens

Objetivamos analisar a construção do conceito de inimigo representado nos discursos de Osama bin Laden, durante o período de 1996 a 2004. Estes inimigos são constituídos a partir da edificação de uma realidade que apresenta Estados Unidos, Israel e seus aliados, como opressores dos muçulmanos. A fim de melhor compreender esta construção simbólica, buscaremos estudá-la com base na dinâmica de dois eixos fundamentais para a constituição do pensamento político-religioso de bin Laden: a herança teórica do islamismo radical, conjugada com a sua percepção acerca dos principais eventos geopolíticos contemporâneos envolvendo o mundo muçulmano. Dentro desta perspectiva, empregaremos o construtivismo em sua corrente linguística dos autores Nicholas Onuf e François Debrix como arcabouço teórico. Nos guiaremos pela prerrogativa de que a compreensão do mundo e da realidade ocorre de acordo com o modo como nós nos referimos a eles a partir de nossa linguagem. Como referencial metodológico que orientará nosso exame da construção do conceito de inimigo nos discursos de bin Laden, utilizaremos as categorias de operação da ideologia propostas por John Thompson na obra “Ideologia e Cultura Moderna – Teoria Social Crítica na Era dos Meios de Comunicação”. / We aimed to analyze the construction of the concept of enemy represented in Osama bin Laden‟s speeches, during the period 1996 to 2004. These enemies are making from the building of a reality that presents U.S., Israel and its allies, as oppressors of muslims. To better understand this symbolic construction, we will seek to study it based on the dynamics of two pillars for the constitution of bin Laden's politico-religious thought: the theoretical heritage of radical islam, combined with the author's perception about the main events contemporary geopolitical involving the muslim world. From this perspective, we will employ the Linguistic Constructivism of the authors Nicholas Onuf and François Debrix, as theoretical framework. We will be guided by the prerogative of the understanding of the world and reality occurs according to the way we refer to them from our language. As a methodological framework that will guide our examination of the construction of the concept of enemy in bin Laden's speeches, we will use the categories of operation of ideology proposed by John Thompson in his work "Ideology and Modern Culture - Critical Social Theory in the Era of the Media."

Objetivamos analisar a construção do conceito de inimigo representado nos discursos de Osama bin Laden, durante o período de 1996 a 2004. Estes inimigos são constituídos a partir da edificação de uma realidade que apresenta Estados Unidos, Israel e seus aliados, como opressores dos muçulmanos. A fim de melhor compreender esta construção simbólica, buscaremos estudá-la com base na dinâmica de dois eixos fundamentais para a constituição do pensamento político-religioso de bin Laden: a herança teórica do islamismo radical, conjugada com a sua percepção acerca dos principais eventos geopolíticos contemporâneos envolvendo o mundo muçulmano. Dentro desta perspectiva, empregaremos o construtivismo em sua corrente linguística dos autores Nicholas Onuf e François Debrix como arcabouço teórico. Nos guiaremos pela prerrogativa de que a compreensão do mundo e da realidade ocorre de acordo com o modo como nós nos referimos a eles a partir de nossa linguagem. Como referencial metodológico que orientará nosso exame da construção do conceito de inimigo nos discursos de bin Laden, utilizaremos as categorias de operação da ideologia propostas por John Thompson na obra “Ideologia e Cultura Moderna – Teoria Social Crítica na Era dos Meios de Comunicação”. / We aimed to analyze the construction of the concept of enemy represented in Osama bin Laden‟s speeches, during the period 1996 to 2004. These enemies are making from the building of a reality that presents U.S., Israel and its allies, as oppressors of muslims. To better understand this symbolic construction, we will seek to study it based on the dynamics of two pillars for the constitution of bin Laden's politico-religious thought: the theoretical heritage of radical islam, combined with the author's perception about the main events contemporary geopolitical involving the muslim world. From this perspective, we will employ the Linguistic Constructivism of the authors Nicholas Onuf and François Debrix, as theoretical framework. We will be guided by the prerogative of the understanding of the world and reality occurs according to the way we refer to them from our language. As a methodological framework that will guide our examination of the construction of the concept of enemy in bin Laden's speeches, we will use the categories of operation of ideology proposed by John Thompson in his work "Ideology and Modern Culture - Critical Social Theory in the Era of the Media."

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-04T17:52:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Ana Carolina de Souza Ferreira.pdf: 18331249 bytes, checksum: 9721a15853e35eae143790bc006194f4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-04T17:52:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Ana Carolina de Souza Ferreira.pdf: 18331249 bytes, checksum: 9721a15853e35eae143790bc006194f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / FAPERJ / Landslides in the municipality of Angra dos Reis have been considered as a serious problem for the government and authorities, because of increasing number of fatal victims and socioeconomic and environmental losses. However, despite the advances in the use of geoprocessing tools, an accurate alert and monitoring system of landslides has not yet been developed. From a technical point of view, this is due to the little quantitative understanding of the variables influencing the mass movements in the city, as well as the limited availability of detailed soil attribute maps that have direct effect on landslides (e. g. depth, water retention and water flow). This paper presents the hypothesis that there is still a lack of a quantitative study of the relationship between landslides events and its determinants. The objectives of this study were: a) to evaluate the changes of land use in the municipality between the years 1984 to 2014, through satellite images classification; b) to apply factor analysis binary correspondence (FABC) on the physical constraints that has the potential to explain the occurrence of landslide; c) To use the FABC results to generate landslide susceptibility map. To develop the study, we used the following dataset and maps, landslides data and satellite images: cadastral topographic map (1: 10,000), soil map (1: 25,000), land use map from 2002 (1: 25,000), 384 georeferenced events of landslide (CPRM), and orbital images of Landsat -5 and -8 (INPE and USGS, respectively) in the period between 1984 to 2014. The landslide susceptibility map was validated using 25% of the landslides events of the original dataset, which were randomly selected. The land use maps show that despite the dramatic disasters associated with landslide, the urban area has almost doubled (from 23 km? in 1984 to 47 km? in 2014), with significant increase in the period between 2010-2014. The FABC stressed the most important variables associated with the landslides, which were: anthropic use (U3C), urban use (U4Z), hillside with rectilinear curvature (C2), steepness ranging from strong undulating to mountainous class (I2) and topographic wetness index ranging from 5 to 10 (TWI2). The BCFA further allowed defining the weights and the grades of each variable to generate the landslide susceptibility map, reducing the subjectivity in map generation. The High and Very High classes of landslide susceptibility map represent 61.78% of the territory and the accuracy reached 91.69% (54.17% of events in the very high and 37.52% in the high class). However, it is believed that the areas classified as high and very high can be better discriminated by introducing the soil depth and water retention maps. This gain of knowledge could improve the accuracy of the alert systems for landslides. / Os movimentos de massa (M.M) no munic?pio de Angra dos Reis t?m sido tradados como um grave problema para o poder p?blico e autoridades, pois o n?mero de v?timas fatais e os danos e preju?zos socioecon?micos e ambientais s?o crescentes. No entanto, apesar do avan?o no uso de ferramentas de geoprocessamento, ainda n?o se desenvolveu um sistema de alerta e monitoramento de M.M. Do ponto de vista t?cnico, isso se deve ao pouco conhecimento quantitativo das vari?veis que influenciam os movimentos de massa no munic?pio, bem como a pouca disponibilidade de mapas detalhados de atributos do solo que t?m efeito direto nos M.M (exemplo: profundidade, reten??o de ?gua e fluxo de ?gua dos solos). Neste trabalho apresenta-se a hip?tese de que falta ainda um estudo mais aprofundado e quantitativo da rela??o entre os eventos de M.M. e seus fatores determinantes. Assim, os objetivos desse estudo foram: a) avaliar as mudan?as do uso do solo no munic?pio entre os anos de 1984 e 2014, por meio da classifica??o de imagens orbitais; b) aplicar a an?lise fatorial de correspond?ncia bin?ria (AFCB) nas condicionantes f?sicas que tem potencial para explicar a ocorr?ncia de M.M.; c) utilizar os resultados da AFCB para gerar mapas de suscetibilidade a M.M. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo utilizou-se os seguintes bancos de dados e mapas, dados de M.M e imagens dispon?veis: mapa topogr?fico cadastral (1:10.000), mapa de solo (1:25.000), mapa de uso do solo (1:25.000 ? 2002), 384 eventos de M.M georreferenciados (CPRM), imagens orbitais dos sat?lites Landsat -5 e Landsat -8 (INPE e USGS, respectivamente) dos anos de 1984 a 2014. O mapa de suscetibilidade a M.M. foi validado a partir da compara??o da classifica??o efetuada com 25% dos eventos selecionados aleatoriamente. Os mapas de classes de uso demonstram que apesar das dram?ticas cat?strofes associadas aos M.M., a ?rea urbana praticamente dobrou (de 23 km? em 1984 para 47 km? em 2014), com sens?vel aumento no per?odo de 2010 a 2014. A AFCB destacou que as vari?veis mais importantes associadas aos M.M. foram: uso campo antr?pico (U3C), uso urbano (U4Z), curvatura do terreno retil?nea (C2), classe de declividade forte ondulada a montanhosa (I2) e ?ndice topogr?fico de umidade variando de 5 a 10 (TWI2). A AFCB permitiu ainda auxiliar na decis?o dos pesos e notas de cada vari?vel para gerar o mapa de suscetibilidade a M.M, reduzindo a subjetividade na gera??o do mapa. As classes de suscetibilidade Alta e Muito Alta ao M.M. representam 61.78% do territ?rio e a acur?cia atingiu 91.69% (54.17% dos eventos na classe muito alta e 37.52% na alta). No entanto, acredita-se que as ?reas classificadas como alta e muito alta possam ser melhor discriminadas com a introdu??o de mapas de profundidade do solo e de reten??o de ?gua. Esse ganho de conhecimento aperfei?oaria o desenvolvimento de sistemas de alerta a M. M.

Today modern industry systems are almost fully automated. The high requirements regarding speed, flexibility, precision and reliability makes it in some cases very difficult to create. One of the most willingly researched solution to solve many processes without human influence is bin-picking. Bin picking is a very complex process which integrates devices such as: robotic grasping arm, vision system, collision avoidance algorithms and many others. This paper describes the creation of a vision system - the most important part of the whole bin-picking system. Authors propose a model-based solution for estimating a best pick-up candidate position and orientation. In this method database is created from 3D CAD model, compared with processed image from the 3D scanner. Paper widely describes database creation from 3D STL model, Sick IVP 3D scanner configuration and creation of the comparing algorithm based on autocorrelation function and morphological operators. The results shows that proposed solution is universal, time efficient, robust and gives opportunities for further work. / +4915782529118

L'analyse de texture a été largement étudiée dans la littérature et une grande variété de descripteurs de texture ont été proposés. Parmi ceux-ci, les motifs binaires locaux (LBP) occupent une part importante dans la plupart des applications d'imagerie couleur ou de reconnaissance de formes et sont particulièrement exploités dans les problèmes d'analyse de texture. Généralement, les images couleurs acquises sont représentées dans l'espace colorimétrique RGB. Cependant, il existe de nombreux espaces couleur pour la classification des textures, chacun ayant des propriétés spécifiques qui impactent les performances. Afin d'éviter la difficulté de choisir un espace pertinent, la stratégie multi-espace couleur permet d'utiliser simultanémentles propriétés de plusieurs espaces. Toutefois, cette stratégie conduit à augmenter le nombre d'attributs, notamment lorsqu'ils sont extraits de LBP appliqués aux images couleur. Ce travail de recherche est donc axé sur la réduction de la dimension de l'espace d'attributs générés à partir de motifs binaires locaux par des méthodes de sélection d'attributs. Dans ce cadre, nous considérons l'histogramme des LBP pour la représentation des textures couleur et proposons des approches conjointes de sélection de bins et d'histogrammes multi-espace pour la classification supervisée de textures. Les nombreuses expériences menées sur des bases de référence de texture couleur, démontrent que les approches proposées peuvent améliorer les performances en classification comparées à l'état de l'art. / Texture analysis has been extensively studied and a wide variety of description approaches have been proposed. Among them, Local Binary Pattern (LBP) takes an essential part of most of color image analysis and pattern recognition applications. Usually, devices acquire images and code them in the RBG color space. However, there are many color spaces for texture classification, each one having specific properties. In order to avoid the difficulty of choosing a relevant space, the multi color space strategy allows using the properties of several spaces simultaneously. However, this strategy leads to increase the number of features extracted from LBP applied to color images. This work is focused on the dimensionality reduction of LBP-based feature selection methods. In this framework, we consider the LBP histogram and bin selection approaches for supervised texture classification. Extensive experiments are conducted on several benchmark color texture databases. They demonstrate that the proposed approaches can improve the state-of-the-art results.

Problemas de corte e empacotamento de itens irregulares são problemas que visam determinar um leiaute ótimo de objetos pequenos dentro de objetos maiores, a fim de atender a uma demanda. Estes problemas têm grande importância prática, já que surgem em vários tipos de indústria (como a têxtil, a de móveis e a de calçados). O problema estudado neste trabalho é o problema de corte de itens irregulares em recipientes. Os recipientes são delimitados e o objetivo é encontrar um leiaute dos objetos menores, sem sobreposição, dentro dos objetos maiores utilizando a menor quantidade de recipientes. Propomos um novo método de resolução para o problema. Nosso método é um algoritmo que gerencia um conjunto de heurísticas, de baixo nível, específicas para a resolução do problema com recipientes retangulares e irregulares. Recipientes irregulares são polígonos convexos e não convexos, que podem ser furados. As heurísticas desenvolvidas utilizam uma malha de pontos sobre a técnica de no-fit polygon para evitar a sobreposição dos itens e encontrar posições viáveis no recipiente retangular ou irregular. Os experimentos computacionais foram feitos para um grande conjunto de instâncias, de recipientes retangulares e irregulares. Os resultados demonstram a competitividade do método, que obtêm resultados bons e algumas soluções ótimas, em um tempo computacional aceitável. / Cutting and packing of irregular items are problems that aim to determine the optimum layout of small objects within larger objects (that we call bins), in order to meet a demand. These problems have great practical importance, since they emerge in various types of industry (such as textile, furniture and shoemaking). The problem studied in this work is the irregular bin packing problem. The bins are enclosed and the goal is to find a layout of items, without overlap, within the bins by using the minimum quantity of them. We propose a new method of resolution to this problem. Our method is an algorithm that manages a set of low-level heuristics, specific to solve the problem with rectangular bins and irregular bins. Irregular bins are convex and non-convex polygons, which may contain holes. The developed heuristics uses a mesh of points and the technique of no-fit polygon to avoid the overlapping of items and find feasible positions in rectangular or irregular bins. The computational experiments were performed for a large set of instances, using both rectangular and irregular bins. The results demonstrate the competitiveness of the method, which can get good results and some optimal solutions within an acceptable computational time.

The aim of this work is to design a method for the object localization in the point could and as accurately as possible estimates the 6D pose of known objects in the industrial scene for bin picking. The design of the solution is inspired by the PoseCNN network. The solution also includes a scene simulator that generates artificial data. The simulator is used to generate a training data set containing 2 objects for training a convolutional neural network. The network is tested on annotated real scenes and achieves low success, only 23.8 % and 31.6 % success for estimating translation and rotation for one type of obejct and for another 12.4 % and 21.6 %, while the tolerance for correct estimation is 5 mm and 15°. However, by using the ICP algorithm on the estimated results, the success of the translation estimate is 81.5 % and the rotation is 51.8 % and for the second object 51.9 % and 48.7 %. The benefit of this work is the creation of a generator and testing the functionality of the network on small objects

Separated waste collection is one step in the recycling process. For this purpose, containers for recycling are used. This thesis investigates the new concept of containers design towards creating an original and compact solution for cities. The final solution is a set of containers where the key idea is based on the principle of building blocks. Another innovative feature of the design solution is the possibility to choose opening configurations. It provides variability along with adapting to surrounding area. The result is a design concept hat has effectively fulfilled functional, technological, ergonomic and aesthetic needs.