Global ETD Search

191	阿拉伯聯合大公國外交政策之研究(1971-2010) / Study on foreign policies of UAE(1971-2010) 蔡伊翔 Unknown Date (has links) 阿拉伯聯合大公國（United Arab Emirates, UAE）並非中東大國，但卻是世界重要產油國及海灣國家合作理事會創會成員之一。其自 1971 年獨立建國以來，除有內政危機外，同時還需因應周遭強權摩擦及區域衝突，這些挑戰均係其國家安全之威脅。然而，阿拉伯聯合大公國在首任總統翟伊德（Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan）的領導下，充分發揮其務實且具彈性之外交政策面對外來的挑戰，成功確保國家利益及生存。本文分析重點在於闡釋阿聯外交政策之特色及實踐，並探討影響其外交政策之內外因素，以對其外交政策有完整概念。 / United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a small state in the Middle East. But it is an important oil exporter in the world and an initial member of Gulf Cooperation Council. Since the seven members of UAE federation was established in 1971, the UAE government has been spontaneously dealing with the internal political crisis, frictions between major powers, and conflicts in this region, which were crucial threats to its national security. Nevertheless, under the leadership of the first President, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the UAE government was capable to cope with these challenges with the practical and flexible foreign policy, and successfully safeguarded its national interests. The content of this thesis is first to analyze the features and conduct of UAE’s foreign policy. Then, how the internal and external factors affected the formulation of the policy will be followed. 阿拉伯聯合大公國翟伊德海灣國家合作理事會兩次波斯灣戰爭伊朗以巴衝突 UAE Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan Gulf Cooperation Council Gulf War I & II Iran Israel-Palestine Conflict
192	The Killing of Osama bin Laden, Was it Lawful? Elfström, Amanda January 2012 (has links) The main purpose of this work is to investigate if the US ́s killing of Osama bin Laden on 2 May 2011 in Abbottabad in Pakistan was lawful. The background to the killing is what happened on 11 September 2001 when four US airplanes were hijacked and crashed into World Trade Center and Pentagon. Al Qaeda, a terrorist organisation led by Osama bin Laden, was immediately suspected for the attacks, which led to the starting point of the US ́s ‘global war on terror’. This work tries to give a short brief on ‘global war on terror’ and answer if there is a global war on terror and/or if a new category of war is needed. In order to get an answer to the main question of this work I had to investigate if US is in an international armed conflict or in a non-international armed conflict with Al Qaida. Another important question to investigate is if an armed conflict in one State can spill over to another State and still be consider as an armed conflict. Other important questions to answer are, if Osama bin Laden was a legitimate target under international humanitarian law, if he was a civilian or if he had a continuous combat function and what level of participation in hostilities he had? Not less important is also to investigate if human rights law is applicable when Osama bin Laden was killed, especially the fundamental right to life. Lastly I end my investigation with a quick review of the laws of jus ad bellum in order to get an answer if US had a right to resort to force in Pakistan. My conclusion is that the US was not involved in an armed conflict with al Qaeda in Pakistan where the killing took place. The conflict between the US and al Qaeda in Afghanistan is to be categorised as a non-international conflict. This conflict cannot be described as a conflict that has spilled over to Abbottabad where Osama bin Laden was killed. All people, including Osama bin Laden, has a right to life. Because of lack of information on what happened in Abbottabad when Osama bin Laden was killed it is impossible to give a clear legal answer if the US had the right to kill him. It could be lawful, but it could also be considered as a crime against international human rights law. Target ICCPR Use of force self-defence anticipatory self-defence unwilling unable Human Right to Life Arbitrary Deprivation of Life Jus ad bellum jus in bello Distinction Global War on Terror GWOT Extraterritorial Applicability Direct Participation in Hostilities Geographical Scope Armed Conflict Temporal Scope Continuous Combat Function IHL IHRL HR International Human Rights Law International Humanitarian Law Osama bin Laden al Qaeda International Armed Conflict Non-International Armed Conflict
193	Distributions Of Fiber Characteristics As A Tool To Evaluate Mechanical Pulps Reyier Österling, Sofia January 2015 (has links) Mechanical pulps are used in paper products such as magazine or news grade printing papers or paperboard. Mechanical pulping gives a high yield; nearly everything in the tree except the bark is used in the paper. This means that mechanical pulping consumes much less wood than chemical pulping, especially to produce a unit area of printing surface. A drawback of mechanical pulp production is the high amounts of electrical energy needed to separate and refine the fibers to a given fiber quality. Mechanical pulps are often produced from slow growing spruce trees of forests in the northern hemisphere resulting in long, slender fibers that are well suited for mechanical pulp products. These fibers have large varieties in geometry, mainly wall thickness and width, depending on seasonal variations and growth conditions. Earlywood fibers typically have thin walls and latewood fibers thick. The background to this study was that a more detailed fiber characterization involving evaluations of distributions of fiber characteristics, may give improved possibilities to optimize the mechanical pulping process and thereby reduce the total electric energy needed to reach a given quality of the pulp and final product. This would result in improved competitiveness as well as less environmental impact. This study evaluated the relation between fiber characteristics in three types of mechanical pulps made from Norway spruce (Picea abies), thermomechanical pulp(TMP), stone groundwood pulp (SGW) and chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP). In addition, the influence of fibers from these pulp types on sheet characteristics, mainly tensile index, was studied. A comparatively rapid method was presented on how to evaluate the propensity of each fiber to form sheets of high tensile index, by the use of raw data from a commercially available fiber analyzer (FiberLabTM). The developed method gives novel opportunities of evaluating the effect on the fibers of each stage in the mechanical pulping process and has a potential to be applied also on‐line to steer the refining and pulping process by the characteristics of the final pulp and the quality of the final paper. The long fiber fraction is important for the properties of the whole pulp. It was found that fiber wall thickness and external fibrillation were the fibercharacteristics that contributed the most to tensile index of the long fiber fractions in five mechanical pulps (three TMPs, one SGW, one CTMP). The tensile index of handsheets of the long fiber fractions could be predicted by linear regressions using a combination of fiber wall thickness and degree of external fibrillation. The predicted tensile index was denoted BIN, short for Bonding ability INfluence. This resulted in the same linear correlation between BIN and tensile index for 52 samples of the five mechanical pulps studied, each fractionated into five streams(plus feed) in full size hydrocyclones. The Bauer McNett P16/R30 (passed 16 meshwire, retained on a 30 mesh wire) and P30/R50 fractions of each stream were used for the evaluation. The fibers of the SGW had thicker walls and a higher degree of external fibrillation than the TMPs and CTMP, which resulted in a correlation between BIN and tensile index on a different level for the P30/R50 fraction of SGW than the other pulp samples. A BIN model based on averages weighted by each fiber´s wall volume instead of arithmetic averages, took the fiber wall thickness of the SGW into account, and gave one uniform correlation between BIN and tensile index for all pulp samples (12 samples for constructing the model, 46 for validatingit). If the BIN model is used for predicting averages of the tensile index of a sheet, a model based on wall volume weighted data is recommended. To be able to produce BIN distributions where the influence of the length or wall volume of each fiber is taken into account, the BIN model is currently based on arithmetic averages of fiber wall thickness and fibrillation. Fiber width used as a single factor reduced the accuracy of the BIN model. Wall volume weighted averages of fiber width also resulted in a completely changed ranking of the five hydrocyclone streams compared to arithmetic, for two of thefive pulps. This was not seen when fiber width was combined with fiber wallthickness into the factor “collapse resistance index”. In order to avoid too high influence of fiber wall thickness and until the influence of fiber width on BIN and the measurement of fiber width is further evaluated, it is recommended to use length weighted or arithmetic distributions of BIN and other fiber characteristics. A comparably fast method to evaluate the distribution of fiber wall thickness and degree of external fibrillation with high resolution showed that the fiber wallthickness of the latewood fibers was reduced by increasing the refining energy in adouble disc refiner operated at four levels of specific energy input in a commercial TMP production line. This was expected but could not be seen by the use of average values, it was concluded that fiber characteristics in many cases should be evaluated as distributions and not only as averages. BIN distributions of various types of mechanical pulps from Norway spruce showed results that were expected based on knowledge of the particular pulps and processes. Measurements of mixtures of a news‐ and a SC (super calendered) gradeTMP, showed a gradual increase in high‐BIN fibers with higher amounts of SCgrade TMP. The BIN distributions also revealed differences between the pulps that were not seen from average fiber values, for example that the shape of the BINdistributions was similar for two pulps that originated from conical disc refiners, a news grade TMP and the board grade CTMP, although the distributions were on different BIN levels. The SC grade TMP and the SC grade SGW had similar levels of tensile index, but the SGW contained some fibers of very low BIN values which may influence the characteristics of the final paper, for example strength, surface and structure. This shows that the BIN model has the potential of being applied on either the whole or parts of a papermaking process based on mechanical or chemimechanical pulping; the evaluation of distributions of fiber characteristics can contribute to increased knowledge about the process and opportunities to optimize it. Fiber fibre fiber characteristics fiber dimension fiber properties mechanical pulp FiberLab raw data distribution fiber wall thickness BIN bonding ability influence bonding indicator bonding ability fiber width fibrillation collapse resistance laboratory sheet fiber analyzer optical analyzer TMP CTMP SGW sheet model prediction fiber characterization hydrocyclone fractionation kernel density estimation KDE diffusion mixing acoustic emission F0.90 Norway spruce Picea abies
194	Ingénierie de l'intrication photonique pour l'information quantique et l'optique quantique fondamentale Kaiser, Florian 12 November 2012 (has links) (PDF) Le but de cette thèse est de développer des sources d'intrication photonique pour étudier les réseaux de communication quantique et l'optique quantique fondamentale. Trois sources très performantes sont construites uniquement autour de composants standards de l'optique intégrée et des télécommunications optiques. La première source génère de l'intrication en polarisation via une séparation deterministe des paires de photons dans deux canaux adjacents des télécommunications. Cette source est donc naturellement adaptée à la cryptographie quantique dans les réseaux à multiplexage en longueurs d'ondes. La seconde source génère, pour la première fois, de l'intrication en time-bins croisés, autorisant l'implémentation de crypto-systèmes quantiques à base d'analyseurs passifs uniquement. La troisième source génère, avec une efficacité record, de l'intrication en polarisation via un convertisseur d'observable temps/polarisation. La bande spectrale des photons peut être choisie sur plus de cinq ordres de grandeur (25 MHz - 4 THz), rendant la source compatible avec toute une variété d'applications avancées, telles que la cryptographie, les relais et les mémoires quantiques. Par ailleurs, cette source est utilisée pour revisiter la notion de Bohr sur la complémentarité des photons uniques en employant un interféromètre de Mach-Zehnder dont la lame s ́eparatrice de sortie se trouve dans une superposition quantique d'être à la fois présente et absente. Enfin, pour adapter la longueur d'onde des paires des photons télécoms intriqués vers les longueurs d'ondes d'absorption des mémoires quantiques actuelles, un convertisseur cohérent de longueur d'onde est présenté et discuté. [PHYS:QPHY] Physics/Quantum Physics Physique Quantique Intrication Photon Conversion Paramétrique Conversion Paramétrique Spontanée SPDC Choix Retardé Wheeler Intrication en Polarisation Intrication en Time-Bin Intrication en energie-temps Génération de somme des fréquences SFG Upconversion Detector Interféromètre Télécom Cryptographie quantique QKD Information quantique
195	Das Ich der Geschichten und der Raum der Möglichkeiten im Werk von Max Frisch Bubner, Nedialka January 2005 (has links) Zugl.: Berlin, Humboldt-Univ., Diss., 2005
196	Revitalizace sidliště Padělky ve Ždánicích / Revitalization of the Padělky housing estate in Ždánice Culek, Lukáš January 2022 (has links) The main point of this diploma thesis is revitalization of housing estate called Padělky in Ždánice. The housing estate is located in the northwestern part of the village. There are nine roads in zone 30. Two of them were already repaired in the first stage. The housing estate is without a transport solution and without the possibility of legal parking. Now the roads are devastated, there are potholes, holes and cracks. Six roads were reconstructed, two were extended. This brought the possibility of detours and improved transport. The new design legalizes the parking space. There are new built parking spaces, too. Conditions for the inhabitants of the housing estate are improving. There are new trees, bushes, rosary, furniture and waste bins. The public lighting will be replaced.
197	The Six Authentic Motets of J.S. Bach: An Analysis in Relation to Performance Mathesen, John A. 01 1900 (has links) Analysis in relation to performance of the six authentic motets of J.S. Bach: Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied ; Geist hilft unsrer Schwachheit auf ; Fürchte dich nicht ; Jesu, meine Freude ; Komm, Jesu, komm ; Lobet den Herrn, alle Heiden. Lied music motets classical music
198	Leveraging IoT Protocols : Integrating Palletization Algorithm with Flexible Robotic Platform Ferm Dubois, Mathias January 2024 (has links) This thesis explores the integration of IoT protocols to enhance supply chain efficiency and sustainability by developing a flexible automated system. The research covers the integration of a palletization optimizer with a flexible robotic platform, a project conducted in collaboration with OpiFlex and Linköping University. Flexibility and sustainability in production, particularly in the food and beverage industry, are critical yet challenging to achieve. This research addresses these challenges by proposing a system that aligns the output with customer needs by combining these technologies. The research employs a combination of case study and exploratory methodologies. The development approach synthesizes elements from Set-Based Design, Point-Based Design, and Agile development frameworks. The primary research questions focus on identifying the best system architecture for integrating the palletization optimizer with a lower-level automation platform and outlining the steps needed to transform this integration into a commercially viable product. The system includes the optimizer, capable of processing customer orders and configuring products on mixed output pallets, integrated with a flexible robotic system provided by OpiFlex. The work involved evaluating communication protocols, MQTT, OPC UA, and TCP/IP, and designing robust interactions and interfaces between the subsystems. The results demonstrate the system's architecture and interaction protocols. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the results in comparison to the application scenario and the standards consulted. The conclusion is that the chosen interface practices should remain largely intact but be re-developed using an OPC UA-based architecture. The main reasons for this are its support for both pub/sub and client-server models, increased security, and greater support for enterprise application integration. However, depending on the specific application, the downsides of OPC UA may outweigh its benefits. IoT IIoT CPS CPPS MAS Multi-Agent Systems Industrial Systems Integration IT/OT OPC UA MQTT Automation Palletization Algorithm Supply Chain Efficiency Flexibility Automated Flexibility Sustainable Supply Chain Food and Beverage Industry Industry 4.0 RAMI 4.0 3D Bin Packing Problem Loosely Coupled Integration Tightly Coupled Integration Trade-offs in System Design IoT Security Enterprise Application Integration Communication Protocols Computer and Information Sciences Data- och informationsvetenskap Elektroteknik och elektronik Robotics Robotteknik och automation
199	Embracing LOLitics: Popular Culture, Online Political Humor, and Play Tay, Geniesa January 2012 (has links) The Internet, and Web 2.0 tools can empower audiences to actively participate in media creation. This allows the production of large quantities of content, both amateur and professional. Online memes, which are extensions of usually citizen-created viral content, are a recent and popular example of this. This thesis examines the participation of ordinary individuals in political culture online through humor creation. It focuses on citizen-made political humor memes as an example of engaged citizen discourse. The memes comprise of photographs of political figures altered either by captions or image editing software, and can be compared to more traditional mediums such as political cartoons, and 'green screens' used in filmmaking. Popular culture is often used as a 'common language' to communicate meanings in these texts. This thesis thus examines the relationship between political and popular culture. It also discusses the value of 'affinity spaces', which actively encourage users to participate in creating and sharing the humorous political texts. Some examples of the political humor memes include: the subversion of Vladimir Putin's power by poking fun at his masculine characteristics through acts similar to fanfiction, celebrating Barack Obama’s love of Star Wars, comparing a candid photograph of John McCain to fictional nonhuman creatures such as zombies using photomanipulation, and the wide variety of immediate responses to Osama bin Laden's death. This thesis argues that much of the idiosyncratic nature of the political humor memes comes from a motivation that lies in non-serious play, though they can potentially offer legitimate political criticism through the myths 'poached' from popular culture. digital media popular culture news media politics political humor play theory jokes comedy Internet culture viral media online media textual poaching memes remix lolcats lolitics Internet memes political satire participatory culture online spaces political cartoons political commentary social media discourse analysis narrative analysis textual analysis case studies crowdsourcing language new literacy political criticism barack obama 9/11 osama bin laden joe biden john mccain sarah palin vladimir putin stephen colbert jon stewart star wars the daily show the colbert report saturday night live south park zombies comics reddit tumblr twitter photoshop photomanipulation online humor fanfiction best thesis ever celebrity culture tabloid journalism gaffes presidential elections citizen culture political participation affinity spaces parody intertextuality virtual communities
200	Dynamic Speed Adaptation for Curves using Machine Learning / Dynamisk hastighetsanpassning för kurvor med maskininlärning Narmack, Kirilll January 2018 (has links) The vehicles of tomorrow will be more sophisticated, intelligent and safe than the vehicles of today. The future is leaning towards fully autonomous vehicles. This degree project provides a data driven solution for a speed adaptation system that can be used to compute a vehicle speed for curves, suitable for the underlying driving style of the driver, road properties and weather conditions. A speed adaptation system for curves aims to compute a vehicle speed suitable for curves that can be used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) or in Autonomous Driving (AD) applications. This degree project was carried out at Volvo Car Corporation. Literature in the field of speed adaptation systems and factors affecting the vehicle speed in curves was reviewed. Naturalistic driving data was both collected by driving and extracted from Volvo's data base and further processed. A novel speed adaptation system for curves was invented, implemented and evaluated. This speed adaptation system is able to compute a vehicle speed suitable for the underlying driving style of the driver, road properties and weather conditions. Two different artificial neural networks and two mathematical models were used to compute the desired vehicle speed in curves. These methods were compared and evaluated. / Morgondagens fordon kommer att vara mer sofistikerade, intelligenta och säkra än dagens fordon. Framtiden lutar mot fullständigt autonoma fordon. Detta examensarbete tillhandahåller en datadriven lösning för ett hastighetsanpassningssystem som kan beräkna ett fordons hastighet i kurvor som är lämpligt för förarens körstil, vägens egenskaper och rådande väder. Ett hastighetsanpassningssystem för kurvor har som mål att beräkna en fordonshastighet för kurvor som kan användas i Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) eller Autonomous Driving (AD) applikationer. Detta examensarbete utfördes på Volvo Car Corporation. Litteratur kring hastighetsanpassningssystem samt faktorer som påverkar ett fordons hastighet i kurvor studerades. Naturalistisk bilkörningsdata samlades genom att köra bil samt extraherades från Volvos databas och bearbetades. Ett nytt hastighetsanpassningssystem uppfanns, implementerades samt utvärderades. Hastighetsanpassningssystemet visade sig vara kapabelt till att beräkna en lämplig fordonshastighet för förarens körstil under rådande väderförhållanden och vägens egenskaper. Två olika artificiella neuronnätverk samt två matematiska modeller användes för att beräkna fordonets hastighet. Dessa metoder jämfördes och utvärderades. Machine Learning Artificial Intelligence MachineLearning Machine-Learning AI ML MLP Neural Networks Multilayer-Perceptron RFB RBF-Network Vehicle Automation AutonomousVehicles Autonomous SelfDriving Self-Driving Self Driving Curve Speed Adaptation Adaption CSA ACC Adaptive Cruise Control Driving Style Driver Behavior Behaviour Sample Samples Distance Derivative Speed Velocity Curvature Road Inclination Lane Width Type Acceleration Longitudinal Lateral Data Training Test Validation Results Discussion Sustainability Ethics Ethical Sustainable Future Today Tomorrow Yesterday Robot Robotics System Systems Class Classes Bin Bins Tree One A Dynamic Using Time Delay Volvo Car Cars Corporation Zenuity School Computer Science Master Degree Project Thesis Paper Object GPS Map Length Research Advanced Машинное Обучение Искусственный Интеллект AI ML MLP RBF Автомобиль Машына Сеть Робот Водитель Заворот Дорога Сам Сама Едет Ехать Учить Учит Учится Автоматизация Адаптация Результат Один Одна Одно Вчера Сегодня Завтра Дерево Карта ГПС Информатика Компьютер Наука Научная Работа Школа Вольво Завод Транспорт Maskininlärning Artificiell Intelligens Inlärning Maskin AI ML MLP RBF Neural Neurala Nätverk Artificiella Automation Själv Självkörande Körande Bil Fordon Robot Robotik Körstil Stil Beteende Adaption Kurva Lutning Väg CSA ACC Farthållare Hastighet Fart Hållare Inclination Körfält Fält Spår Bredd Typ Acceleration Longitudinell Lateral Data Traingin Test Validation Resultat Diskussion Längd Hållbarhet Etik Etiskt Framtid Dåtid Idag Imorgon System Class Klass Classer Klasser Träd En Ett Fler Flera Dynamisk Använda Tid Fördröjning Tids Volvo Car Corporation Object Zenuity Skola Dator Vetenskap Forkning Avancerad Projekt Exjobb Examensarbete Betyg GPS Karta Computer Sciences Datavetenskap (datalogi)

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