Este texto refere-se à pesquisa de doutorado que teve como objetivo conhecer as infâncias de meninas e meninos da Ala Pura Alegria, da Associação Cultural Social Escola de Samba Mocidade Camisa Verde e Branco, da cidade de São Paulo, trazendo suas vozes e de outras/os componentes da agremiação para problematizar o papel da Escola de Samba no processo de construção das identidades negras e da Educação das crianças da referida Ala. O objeto de pesquisa propôs a intersecção entre infâncias, identidades negras, Escola de Samba e Educação, apresentando a interrogação: Seria a Escola de Samba um espaço onde é possível se reconhecer a existência de elementos simbólicos e concretos para a construção das identidades negras de meninas e meninos? A investigação teve como principais campos teóricos de referência a Pedagogia e as Ciências Sociais, com destaque para os Estudos Sociais da Infância e a Antropologia. O método de pesquisa etnográfica buscou o levantamento de dados por meio da observação participante nas atividades da Ala das Crianças, em outros eventos da agremiação e de conversas informais, com registros em caderno de campo, além de entrevistas semiestruturadas com as crianças e seus familiares, com a Coordenadora e com o Apoio da Ala. As análises dos dados revelam que a Escola de Samba pesquisada consolida-se como um dos pedaços do Samba na cidade de São Paulo, entendendo o Samba como cultura negra de resistência, caracterizado como um terreiro para as vivências das infâncias de meninas e meninos, que possibilita o acesso às culturas do Samba, através de diferentes linguagens, com destaque para a música e para a dança, elementos para o reconhecimento e valorização de nossa negritude. A partir das relações com diferentes sujeitos, há a construção das identidades étnico-raciais, de idade/geração e de sexo/gênero notando-se elementos de afirmação e contradição relativos às categorias destacadas. Há também aspectos que apontam para um protagonismo infantil, ainda restrito, todavia, em razão da estrutura da agremiação, que se respalda em relações hierárquicas, limitando a troca de ideias, opiniões, conhecimentos e saberes entre as/os envolvidas/os. Desconstruindo um discurso de vir-a-ser, meninas e meninos demonstram que são sambistas na atualidade, independentemente de suas idades, respondendo com grande empenho e dedicação e tornando-se referências para os demais segmentos da Escola ao colaborarem com a manutenção e a afirmação da sua agremiação carnavalesca. Assim, mais do que se iniciarem no Samba, enunciam uma educação através dele e por ele. / The present paper refers to research of doctorate which aimed to know girls\' and boys\' childhood \"Pura Alegria\" Ala of Associação Cultural Social Escola de Samba Mocidade Camisa Verde e Branco, in the city of São Paulo, bringing their voices and others components of the association to problematize the role of the Samba School in the process of constructing black identities and the children\'s education with in Ala. The research goal proposed the intersection between childhood, black identities, Samba school and education. Presenting the question: would it to be possible recognize the existence of symbolics and concrete elements for the construction of black identities of girls and boys in the environment of Samba School. The study had main theorical fields of reference Pedagogy and Social Sciences, with emphasis on Social Studies of Childhood and Anthropology. The ethnographic research method collected data through participant observation in the \"Ala das crianças\" activities, in other association events and informal conversations, as well as records in class books and semi-structured interviews with children, their families, a Cordinator and the \"Ala\'s support. The data analysis reveals that the Samba School researched consolidates it as one the Samba\'s pieces in the city of São Paulo, understanding Samba as a black culture resistance, characterized as a \"terreiro\" for the childhood experiences of girls and boys, which allows the access to Samba cultures through different languages, with an emphasis on music and dance, elements of recognition and appreciation of our blackness. From the relations between different subjects, there is the construction of ethnic-racial identities, based on age/generation and sex/gender, observing elements of affirmation and contradiction related to the categories highlighted. There also aspects that point to a child protagonis, still restricted, because of the association\'s structure, which is supported by hierarchical relations, limiting the exchange of ideas, opinions, knowledge among those involved. Descontruing a \"coming-to-be\" speech, girls and boys demonstrate that they are sambists, nowadays, regardless of their ages the respond with great commitment and dedication. They became references to the other School\'s section collaborating with the maintenance and affirmation of it carnival association. Therefore, more than starting in Samba, they discover and share education through it and by it.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O tema desta dissertaÃÃo cabe dentro de um tema mais geral que à o da histÃria das populaÃÃes negras no CearÃ. Trata-se de um tema com diversos aspectos e muitas polemicas, tais como a existÃncia de negros no estado, mas faz parte de uma postura social que tem sido alvo da pesquisa historiogrÃfica e da educaÃÃo nos Ãltimos 10 anos no estado do CearÃ. Alto Alegre à um distrito do municÃpio de Horizonte, parte perifÃrica da grande regiÃo metropolitana de Fortaleza. A comunidade de quilombo de Alto Alegre à uma comunidade rural negra com mais de um sÃculo de existÃncia, no entanto a literatura apresenta poucas referÃncias a esta existÃncia. A pesquisa realizada trabalha com os conceitos de afrodescendÃncia e populaÃÃo negra baseada nos aspectos histÃricos e nÃo biolÃgicos. Utiliza o conceito de bairro rural negro e traÃa o conjunto do conhecimento com base na historia oral, tendo como foco a memÃria negra, como memÃria coletiva organizada com foco na cultura e no patrimÃnio cultural da populaÃÃo negra. A pesquisa teve como eixo os fatos econÃmicos e as relaÃÃes sociais estabelecidas pela comunidade de Alto Alegre dentro de um territÃrio onde figuram os grupos sociais negros, Ãndios e brancos, esses Ãltimos representados pelos posseiros considerados como donos da terra. O estudo mostrou uma trajetÃria de comunidade marcada pelas mudanÃas nas formas de trabalho e nas perspectivas de vida, mas com a presenÃa de forte identidade cultural, entremeada de mudanÃas significativas de costumes e de religiÃo. O municÃpio de Horizonte està dentro de uma regiÃo de forte industrializaÃÃo e de constante intervenÃÃo geogrÃfica pelo estado atravÃs de construÃÃo de grandes obras como a rodovia BR-116, e os canais de integraÃÃo e do trabalhador. / The subject of this dissertation is part of a more general theme concerning whit the black population history in the state of Cearà - Brazil. This is an issue with many aspects and many polemics, such as the existence of black people in the state, but is part of a social attitude which has been the subject of historical research and education in the last 10 years in our graduate program. Alto Alegre is the name of a district of Novo Horizonte city. This city is at the periphery of the large metropolitan region of Fortaleza. The community of maroon Alto Alegre is a black rural community with more than a century of existence, yet the literature contains few references to this existence. The research work with the concepts of afro - dependency and black population based on the historical aspects and not biological. Uses the concept of black rural district and outlines the set of knowledge based on oral history, focusing on the black memory, organized as a collective memory with a focus on culture and cultural heritage of the black population. The research was shaft the economic facts and the social relations established by the community of Alto Alegre in a territory where social groups include blacks, indians and white settlers regarded as represented by the landowners. The study showed a trend of community marked by changes in the forms of work and life prospects, but with the presence of strong cultural identity, interspersed with significant changes in customs and religion. The city of Horizonte is within a region of strong industrialization and geographical constant intervention by the state through the construction of large works such as the BR-116, and channels of integration and the worker.

In dieser Arbeit werden sowohl afrikanische Charaktere als auch Repräsentationen von Kleidung, Musik, Zeichen oder Symbolen, deren Ästhetik als afrozentrisch beschrieben werden kann, identifiziert und kritisch betrachtet. Zusammenfassend als „afrikanische Elemente“ bezeichnet, dient ihre Präsenz oft der Kontrastierung der in den Vordergrund gestellten afroamerikanischen Charaktere und Geschichten und operiert in dieser Kapazität zwischen der gleichzeitigen Sehnsucht nach und der Ablehnung Afrikas, die sich in den afroamerikanischen Identitäten ablesen lassen. Obwohl in anderen Teildisziplinen der African American Studies - wie etwa den Literatur- oder Theaterwissenschaften - die Beziehungen zu und die Bezugnahme auf Afrika bereits untersucht wurden, sind ähnliche Ansätze auf dem Gebiet der Filmwissenschaften noch deutlich unterrepräsentiert. Die Intention dieser Arbeit liegt deshalb darin, die bestehende Forschung um die Fragestellung zu ergänzen, auf welche Weise diese Elemente dargestellt werden. Wie tragen sie zu den Narrativen bei, in die sie eingeflochten sind und wie spiegelt ihre Einbindung in die ausgewählten Filme die jeweilige Politik, die kulturelle Ästhetik und die sozialen Entwicklungen ihrer Entstehungsära wider? Den konzeptionellen Rahmen der Arbeit bildet eine kumulative Vorgehensweise. Es werden jene Faktoren untersucht, die zur Auswahl, visuellen Umsetzung und Repräsentation der afrikanischen Elemente, auf die Bezug genommen wird, beigetragen haben. Die Arbeit verhandelt dabei auch die Frage, wie und warum bestimmte Auffassungen von Afrika und seinen Bewohnern in den besprochenen Filmen fortbestehen. Schließlich soll mit der Arbeit innerhalb der derzeit bestehenden Forschung ein Grundstein für die differenziertere Betrachtung Schwarzer Erfahrungen in den ausgewählten Filmen gelegt werden. / This study identifies and critically assesses African characters as well as representations of dress, music, signs or symbols, which may be described as Africacentric in their aesthetic, in African American film. Collectively termed as African elements, their presence in the selected films is often distinguished from the foregrounded African American characters and stories, and in this capacity, operates between the concurrent desires and negations of Africa in the assertions of African American identities. Although within other scholarly disciplines in African American studies, such as literature or theatre studies, the relations and references to Africa have been explored, similar explorations in the area of film studies are arguably underrepresented. The specific contribution of this study therefore intends to expand on the existing body of work in its assessment of the ways in which these elements are presented, how they contribute to the narratives they are engaged in and how their inclusion in the selected films reflect the contemporary politics, cultural aesthetic and social trends of the era in which they are produced. The conceptual framework of the thesis follows a cumulative approach where the respective determinants that have contributed to the choice, visualisation, and representations of the referenced African elements are examined. The thesis thereby negotiates questions of how and why particular perceptions of Africa and Africans in the selected films persist. Ultimately, it establishes a premise for why in the current scholarship there should be a place for a more differentiated analysis of black experiences within the discussed films.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:07:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AgeirtonSS_TESE.pdf: 2099129 bytes, checksum: b328b1084e4f648857af58187ddbff2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-05 / The study object of this thesis is the process of affirmation, (re)construction and (re)signification of the black identities in the discourses which cross the samba-enredo of African theme of the samba schools belonging to the elite group from the carioca carnival, in the period from 1960 and 2007. The main question which guides this research is the following: How does this discursive process occur and which are the possible effects resulting from it? This research aims to understand, through interpretation gestures of such discourses and from those which undergo the interview statements and the answers given to the questionnaires applied to spectators and parade exhibiters of these samba schools, in what way the negritude conception and the citizenship practice of the black Brazilian people, especially those from Rio de Janeiro, can be affected by the meaning production circulating in the discursive practices of these sambas. The research was theoretically related to the Applied Linguistics, however it articulates theories originated from Cultural Studies and Ethnic-racial Studies as well as it presents some theoretical and methodological fundamentals from the Discourse Analysis of French line. As concerns the methodology, it is of interpretative, qualitative basis with procedures of discursive character. The interview analysis did not reveal, as consequence of the discourses circulating in the sambas, a direct involvement of the black people who were interviewed in struggle for their citizenship practice, but it pointed out sliding of meaning in regard to the negritude emergence / O objeto de estudo desta tese ? o processo de afirma??o, (re) constru??o e (re/s/) significa??o de identidades negras nos discursos que atravessam os sambas de enredo de tem?tica africana das escolas de samba do grupo de elite do carnaval carioca no per?odo compreendido entre 1960 e 2007. A quest?o central que a orienta ? a seguinte: Como se d? esse processo discursivo e quais s?o os poss?veis efeitos decorrentes dele? Tem como objetivo compreender, atrav?s de gestos de interpreta??o de tais discursos e dos que atravessam enunciados de entrevistas e de respostas oferecidas a question?rios aplicados a espectadores e desfilantes dessas escolas de samba, de que forma a concep??o de negritude e a pr?tica do exerc?cio de cidadania dos negros brasileiros, especialmente os do Rio de Janeiro, podem ser afetadas pela produ??o de sentidos circulante nas pr?ticas discursivas desses sambas. Inscrita teoricamente na ?rea da Lingu?stica Aplicada, a pesquisa articula teoriza??es advindas dos Estudos Culturais e dos Estudos ?tnico-raciais, como tamb?m lan?a m?o de alguns pressupostos te?rico-metodol?gicos da An?lise de Discurso de orienta??o francesa. A metodologia ? de base qualitativa interpretativista com procedimentos de car?ter discursivo. A an?lise das entrevistas n?o revelou, como consequ?ncia dos discursos circulantes nos sambas, uma atua??o direta dos entrevistados negros na luta pelo exerc?cio de sua cidadania, mas evidenciou mov?ncias de sentido no que diz respeito ? assun??o da negritude