Mediante o estudo das atividades relacionadas à comunidade NEGROS presente no Orkut desde 2004 e que, atualmente, reúne 36.000 membros -, este trabalho busca contribuir para identificar o papel das redes sociais no que diz respeito à construção de conhecimentos e ao desenvolvimento de iniciativas destinadas a combater o racismo no Brasil. As novas tecnologias ampliaram significativamente os veículos de comunicação e de informação existentes e permitiram que as redes sociais ganhassem grande expressão nos últimos anos, de maneira que não é possível ignorar o potencial formativo desses meios. Por essa razão, optouse pelo estudo de uma das primeiras comunidades criadas na rede social Orkut com vistas a congregar pessoas com interesse pela situação do negro no Brasil. Tal estudo privilegiou a análise dos discursos produzidos a respeito da identidade negra em dois tópicos do fórum da comunidade voltados especificamente para a autodeclaração racial. Para compreender o processo de constituição da identidade negra, recorreu-se aos aportes teóricos de, entre outros, MUNANGA (2009) e FERREIRA (2000); já o entendimento do ciberespaço e, especificamente, da comunidade estudada como espaço de saber e dos coletivos inteligentes teve como referência o trabalho de LEVY (1999). Pretendeu-se, também, investigar de que maneira os membros veem a referida comunidade e seus conteúdos, buscando ainda reunir elementos sobre o grau de participação dos mesmos. Para isto, foram realizadas entrevistas com três integrantes com perfis bastante distintos, mas com grande expressão no grupo. A análise dos dados coletados mostrou que os discursos de identidade negra são construídos de modos diferenciados, mesmo que a comunidade invoque certa homogeneidade. Foi possível captar nas falas dos membros da NEGROS desde a consciência da opressão histórica-política até o orgulho do pertencimento, passando pelo sofrimento causado pelo preconceito. Além disso, foi possível constatar que as possibilidades de socialização da comunidade potencializam a construção coletiva de conhecimentos relativos à identidade do grupo. Por fim, deve-se assinalar que o presente trabalho deteve-se nas discussões sobre o potencial ativista das redes sociais que, recentes como são, ainda suscitam várias polêmicas sem, entretanto, oferecer respostas definitivas a esse respeito. / By means of the study of the activities related to the community NEGROS (Black people) at Orkut since 2004 which has had36.000 members up to now , this work aims to identify the role of the social networks concerning the construction of knowledge and the development of initiatives to fight racism in Brazil. The new technologies have significantly increased the existent means of communication and information and allowed the social networks to obtain great expression in the last years; therefore it is impossible to ignore the formative potential of those means. For that very reason, we have chosen to study one of the first communities created at Orkut with the purpose of inviting people interested in the situation of the black people in Brazil. Such study emphasized the analysis of the discourses produced concerning the black identity in two forum topics of the community which specifically comprehended the self-declaration of race. In order to understand the process of the constitution of the black identity, we investigated MUNANGAs (2009) and FERREIRAs (2000) theories, among others; to understand the cyber space and, specifically, the community studied as a space of knowledge and intelligent collectives, we referred to LEVYs work (1999). We also aimed to investigate how the members see the community and its contents, trying to group elements about their degree of participation. We accomplished interviews with three members with very distinct profiles but with a great contribution in the group. The data analysis showed that the discourses of the black identity are built in different ways, even though the community evoked certain homogeneity. It was possible to apprehend in the members discourses from the consciousness of political-historical oppression to the pride of being part of the group, through the suffering caused by prejudice. Besides, it was possible to verify that the possibilities of socialization of the community developed the collective construction of knowledge related to the group identity. Finally, we should stress that the present work was limited to the discussions about the activist potential of the recent social networks that have still given rise to many polemic issues without, however, offering definitive answers to this subject.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:54:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoCL.pdf: 2250763 bytes, checksum: f844766a9c493b75c146129bf273502f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / With more or less 213.000 habitants, Mossor? is the second more developed city from the Rio Grande do Norte. The town is proclamated like the land of freedom. To so far, exist four moments in your history related with the defence of freedom that is point like truthful from so proclamation. Suchlike happenings are the first female vote on Brazil, the resistance against the Lampi?o s band, the worman s mutiny and the slave release in 1883, five year before the ?urea law sanction. These happenings are commemorate yearly on setember with one big theatrical event called by the freedom high. Inside this contexto of exaltation to freedom, there is one black movement by name black and beautiful. Is the present dissertation, talked about the building of black identities between the black militants of Mossor? and the dwellers from the Santo Ant?nio district. With such approach, we intend to think about possibles differences or likeness, how the militants and dwellers from the refered district self-calleds like blacks or not. We are understanding black identity like one process to self-affirmation done by specificities of the social context and the individual particularity. This way, the identity change into one dynamic and contextual reality, gone always by one business process against the interaction of the social actors. So we search to discuss the specificities that involve the process to building of black identities in the city of freedom / Com aproximadamente 213 000 habilitantes, Mossor? ? a segunda cidade mais desenvolvida do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. A cidade ? proclamada como a terra da liberdade. Para tanto, existem quatro momentos da sua hist?ria relacionados com a defesa da liberdade que s?o apontados como legitimadores de tal proclama??o. Tais acontecimentos s?o o primeiro voto feminino do Brasil, a resist?ncia contra o bando de Lampi?o, o Motim das Mulheres e a liberta??o dos escravos em 1883, cincos anos antes da san??o da Lei ?urea. Esses acontecimentos s?o comemorados anualmente no m?s de setembro com um grande evento teatral denominado de o Auto da Liberdade. Dentro deste contexto de exalta??o ? liberdade, existe um movimento negro por nome de Negro e Lindo. Na presente disserta??o, discutimos a constru??o de identidades negras entre os militantes negros de Mossor? e entre moradores do bairro Santo Ant?nio. Com tal abordagem, pretendemos refletir sobre as poss?veis diferen?as ou semelhan?as na forma como os militantes e os moradores do referido bairro se auto-afirmam como negros ou n?o. Estamos entendendo identidade negra como um processo de auto-afirma??o elaborado a partir das especificidades do contexto social e das particularidades individuais. Desse modo, a identidade torna-se uma realidade din?mica e contextual, implicando sempre em processos de negocia??es mediante as intera??es dos atores sociais. Portanto, buscamos discutir as especificidades que envolvem os processos de constru??o de identidades negras na cidade da liberdade

Orientador: Marcos Antonio Siscar / Banca: Jaime Ginzburg / Banca: Igor Rossoni / Banca: Cláudia Maria Ceneviva Nigro / Banca: Arnaldo Franco Júnior / Resumo: Racionais MC's é um respeitado grupo de rap paulistano. Um dos precursores do movimento hip hop no Brasil, os Racionais, como são conhecidos, podem ser considerados um grupo formador de opinião, que influencia comportamento e expressão artística de jovens afrodescendentes, habitantes das periferias não só da cidade de São Paulo, mas também das diferentes partes do país onde o Movimento Hip Hop foi difundido. Pretendi discutir a escritura dos Racionais MC's como espaço para a construção do afrodescendente brasileiro contemporâneo, que reivindica nova atribuição de valor; nesse caso, positivo, não só para o seu identificador étnico (a condição de negro), mas também para a sua expressão artística e para a sua cultura. Reivindica também visibilidade para a sua experiência num mundo branco, concretizada em diferentes formas de exclusão - geográfica, social, artística. Para tanto, os raps são lidos como manifestações identitárias e como narrativas de testemunho, testemunho de peculiar experiência de violência. Ao testemunhar, o rapper-narrador anseia pela inclusão do seu interlocutor em suas memórias violentas que, ao serem narradas, passam a ocupar a condição de experiência vivida e tornam o indivíduo capaz de, ao mesmo tempo, construir-se e destruir-se. / Abstract: Racionais MC's is a respected paulistano rap group. One of the precursors of the hip hop movement in Brazil, "os Racionais", as they are known, can be considered a group that forms opinion, which influences behavior and artistic expression in African youngsters, not only inhabitants of the suburbs in Sao Paulo city, but also in different parts of the country where the Hip Hop Movement was broadcast. I discussed the deeds of Racionais MC's as a space for the construction of the contemporary Brazilian Afro descendent who claims for the allocation of positive value to their identity and their culture. The afro descendent youngster that the Racionais MC's want to represent in their lyrics, also claim visibility for their experience in a white world, experience which is made into different forms of exclusion - geographical, social, artistic. Moreover, the raps are seen as identity manifestations, witness valued, which gives the texts the condition of writing with a peculiar experience of violence. / Doutor

Nesta tese analisamos os discursos e as práticas dos grupos e pessoas que compõem o movimento negro no processo de construção de uma identidade social no Brasil contemporâneo. O movimento negro brasileiro, a exemplo do que acontece com outros movimentos sociais gerados na modernidade ocidental, instrumentaliza um constructo de identidade social específica dentro do espaço público como forma de pleitear reparações pelos danos causados pela escravidão e ações de inclusão da população afrodescendente na sociedade como cidadãos com direitos iguais. Além de fontes bibliográficas, nossa metodologia se baseou na realização de entrevistas com militantes, participação em reuniões e eventos, análise de comentários postados em comunidades virtuais, de depoimentos de histórias de vida, bem como de publicações diversas associadas ao movimento negro. A análise das narrativas e práticas do movimento negro nos remeteu à pesquisa acerca da historiografia e das teorias sobre a escravidão no Brasil, sobre a inserção do negro na sociedade brasileira e, especialmente, sobre os elementos de formação identitária do militante negro. Concluímos indicando o caráter contraditório dos processos de formação identitária e das demandas políticas do movimento negro que se mobiliza a favor da igualdade de todos os cidadãos brasileiros sem discriminação racial, mas que, ao mesmo tempo, divide a população entre negros (nós, oprimidos, portanto aptos a receberem reparações) e brancos (eles, privilegiados), gerando parâmetros de inclusão de cunho racial contra os quais a luta contra o racismo historicamente se opôs. Se por um lado, o movimento negro coloca em cena a discussão sobre o preconceito racial no Brasil, tema fundamental para mudar a situação socioeconômica desfavorável da população negra, por outro lado, o radicalismo de suas ações afasta aqueles que não sejam totalmente favoráveis à sua visão de luta contra o racismo e a exclusão social. Os debates atuais opõem as lideranças e os simpatizantes do movimento negro favoráveis a políticas de inserção social pautadas por parâmetros raciais e aqueles que alertam para o perigo de leis raciais em um país miscigenado, defendendo que as políticas de inclusão devem ser edificadas por parâmetros socioeconômicos. / In this thesis we analyze the discourses and practices of black movement groups and individuals in the process of constructing a social identity in contemporary Brazil. Similar to other movements in the Americas, the Brazilian black movement is a new social actor generated by Western modernity which developed an identity and actions within the public space claiming reparations for the damages caused by slavery and supports the inclusion of people of African descent in society as equal citizens. In addition to bibliographic sources, our methodology was based on interviews with activists, participation in meetings and events, analysis of comments posted in virtual communities, life stories testimonies and various publications related to the black movement. We relate the analysis of the narratives and practices of the black movement to the history and theories about slavery and the inclusion of blacks in Brazilian society, in particular, the formation of a black militant identity. We indicate the contradictory nature of the processes of identity formation and political demands of the black movement. While it fights for the equality of all citizens without discrimination, at the same time it divides the Brazilian population into blacks (we, the oppressed, therefore entitled to receive reparations) and whites (they, the privileged), generating criteria for social inclusion policies based on race identification which was historically opposed by those that fought against racism. Therefore, on the one hand the black movement brings the discussion of racial prejudice to the political scene which is of fundamental importance for changing the unfavorable socioeconomic situation of the black population, on the other hand, the radicalism of the movements actions marginalize those that do not completely identify with their views on race and the fight against racism and social exclusion. The current debates are polarized around leaders and supporters of the black movement in favor of policies based on racial criteria and opposition activists who warn of the danger of using racial categories in a miscegenated country. They argue that inclusion policies must be built solely on socioeconomic considerations.

Este trabalho apresenta um relato de pesquisa de campo realizada com os rappers do Grupo Realidade Negra do Quilombo do Campinho da Independência, em Paraty-RJ, de 2012 até 2015. Nosso objetivo foi principalmente compreender os modos de viver desses moradores e de compreenderem-se em um quilombo do século XXI, com características rurais, turísticas e periféricas, em seu processo de construção de identidade quilombola. Outras categorias identitárias também se fazem presentes: negra, de rappers, e de guerreiros, respectivamente em processos de transformação, de acesso e modelo. Nossa pesquisa configurou-se como um estudo de caso de caráter exploratório que se encaminhou para a compreensão dos temas emergidos nas letras das doze canções do CD da banda É prus guerreiro a missão. A metodologia de análise do discurso das letras se deu sob a abordagem textual discursiva, e desse modo nossas entrevistas concentraram-se, principalmente, com os dois MCs compositores da maior parte das canções. O CD foi elaborado em 2009 para homenagear os dez anos de conquista da titulação do Campinho e gravado ao vivo na Festa da Consciência Negra, em novembro/2009. Os temas emergidos subdividiram-se em seis capítulos revelando a intenção formadora da juventude negra, principalmente do próprio Campinho, pelos rappers, quando ao mesmo tempo em que se constituem como quilombolas, procuram formar novos sujeitos políticos utilizando o rap como veículo para sua missão. Apresentam-se com a intenção de autoafirmação e autovalorização do negro e do quilombola; propõem a importância da luta pela terra, procurando denunciar a situação dos quilombos no Brasil; conscientizam sobre a história do negro escravizado no Brasil apresentando modos de enfrentamento do racismo; reforçam a importância dos vínculos verticais, como a ancestralidade e a prole, bem como horizontais, como os vínculos familiares e fraternos e a continuidade da família na busca do parceiro amoroso, de amigos e da própria comunidade. Ainda no plano subjetivo ensinam modos de lidar com as perdas de parentes próximos e a vivência do luto. Demonstram conhecimento do esgarçamento social que resulta no contexto de violência em que se encontra o negro, principalmente jovem, ensinando a contenção da hybris como modo de lutar contra o sistema. Sua educação religiosa evangélica os sustenta em sua intenção formadora e busca de construção da mudança do destino trágico do jovem negro no Brasil, principalmente a partir do modelo do guerreiro. Através da singularidade dos relatos dos autores sobre suas canções, observamos sua busca identitária como quilombolas em seu próprio contexto resultando na reflexão sobre como se dá a formação e educação nos contextos quilombolas e de outras comunidades tradicionais. / This dissertation presents a field research report taken place with the Realidade Negra rap band from Quilombo do Campinho da Independência, in Paraty-RJ, from 2012 to 2015. Most of all, we aimed to understand their way of living and how they see themselves in a XXIst Century quilombo, with rural, touristic and peripheral characteristics in their process of building up their quilombola identity. Other identity categories are also present: Black, rappers, and warriors, respectively under processes of transformation, access and modeling. Our research started as an exploratory case study which was led to understand the themes emerged in the lyrics of the twelve songs in the band CD named É prus guerreiro a missão. The method of discourse analysis occurred under a discursive text approach, therefore our interviews happened mainly with the two main compositors of the band. Their CD was made in 2009 to celebrate the 10year-anniversary of Campinhos land legal conquest and was live recorded in the Black Consciousness Party, in November/2009. The themes emerged were divided into six chapters which revealed the bands educational intention of the youth, mainly those dwellers in Campinho, when we noticed that at the same time they form themselves as quilombolas, they try to form new political subjects by means of their rap. They present themselves with the intention of Black and quilombolas self-affirmation and self-valorization; they propose how important it is to struggle for their land and denouncing the situation of quilombos in Brazil. They try to make youth aware about the history of the slaved Black in Brazil and present ways to face racism. They also reinforce the importance of vertical bonds like ancestry and children, family, brotherhood, friends and community bonds, as well as the continuity of the family in the search of a partner. Subjectively, they teach ways to deal with losses of close relatives and to mourn. They show they know about the social issues resulting in the contexts of violence the Black is immersed in, mainly the young ones, and teach them how to control hybris as a way to struggle against the system. Their protestant religion upbringing assists them on their educational intention and on their aim to change the tragic fate of the Black youth in Brazil by means of the model of the warrior. In the singularity of the authors speech about their lyrics, we were able to watch their identity search as quilombolas in their local environment, which led us to reflect on how education and upbringing is taking place in quilombolas communities, and also in other traditional communities in Brazil.

Caractéristique de la littérature noire des années 1960 aux États-Unis, la revendication de l’Être-noir est présente dans les moindres mots écrits par les auteurs africains américains de cette période. William Melvin Kelley, en tant qu’écrivain du Black Arts Movement, le met en avant dans ses œuvres au profit d’une éducation de l’Africain Américain contre la ségrégation et d’autres formes de racisme. Il ne s’agit pas seulement de conceptualiser le Noir par l’écriture, mais surtout de le dépeindre. Selon l’auteur en effet, son rôle est d’abord de mettre en action des personnes, et non pas des idées travesties qui résulteraient d’une quelconque idéologie noire. C’est ce schéma – le passage du monde réel à un monde fictif, ainsi qu’à une représentation idéologique – qui sera étudié dans cette thèse. Il faudra toutefois noter la transformation de l’attitude de l’auteur. En effet, de l’état de simple narrateur, il passe à celui d’activiste. Ce changement est notable par la différence des idées et de la verve entre le premier livre et le dernier publiés par Kelley. Cette évolution de la pensée sera ensuite reliée aux récentes directions prises par l’écrivain. Située au carrefour entre la phénoménologie, la philosophie de l’existentialisme noir, la sociologie ainsi que la littérature, l’analyse qui sera menée aura pour but de mettre en avant l’existence noire vue par William Melvin Kelley. L’auteur ne se place pas seulement en tant que représentant des Noirs, mais comme chargé d’une mission : celle d’aider l’Africain Américain à comprendre la société étatsunienne pour améliorer sa position sociale et culturelle. / Blackness is one of the keywords of the African American literature of the 1960s. It is to be read in each and every word that an Afro-American writer would put down on the paper. As a Black Arts Movement writer, William Melvin Kelley sets blackness forth in his works so that the black population can better struggle against segregation and other forms of racism. Yet, he does not only conceptualize the African American person by writing him or her up, but above all, he depicts them. For Kelley, the role of the author is primarily to show people, not disguised ideas resulting from some other black ideology. It is this pattern – the passage from a real world to a fictitious one, as well as to an ideological representation – that I will study in my dissertation. However, I am first going to note down the transformation in Kelley’s conduct toward race relations as he goes from the narrator to the activist. This change is to be seen in the difference that exists in the verve between his first novel and the last that was published. This renovation will also be linked to the recent direction taken by Kelley in his more recent writings. Phenomenology, Black existentialism, sociology and of course literature will be the bases for this dissertation. The analysis will insist on black existence as seen by William Melvin Kelley. The writer does not only act as a representative of black people, but as one who must help the “Africamerican understand the American society in order to improve his or her social and cultural position.”

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2018-03-06T18:47:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Monica Abud Perez de Cerqueira Luz.pdf: 3284286 bytes, checksum: a5ef8a2661ecb5342fbc3d0fe1a055b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-06T18:47:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monica Abud Perez de Cerqueira Luz.pdf: 3284286 bytes, checksum: a5ef8a2661ecb5342fbc3d0fe1a055b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-07 / The present work has as main objective to analyze the discourses carried in books of literature from a post-structuralist perspective and Foucault (2014a, 2014b) on the articulation between discourse, power and knowledge. We will use for analysis the books of children's literature produced after the promulgation of the Law 10.639 / 2003, which established the inclusion in the official curriculum of the school system of the "History and Afro-Brazilian Culture" theme, seeking to understand how discourses and textual and iconographic forms may or may not bring a burden intentional, stereotyped, naturalized and constituted of what it is to be black these days. We will discuss if the children's literary genre can opportunize through narrative, reflections about the representations of the black and the black contained in the works of children's literature under the light of the following categories: oppressed, black conscientization and identity. Our hypothesis that after the implementation of Law 10.639 / 2003, the black and black characters keep the operationalization of racism in children's literature. Of theoretical-methodological point of view, the research is qualitative, of an ethnographic nature. We will look at twenty-seven works belonging to the archive of the Paulo Municipal Library Duarte (a library with a thematic collection in African and Afro-Brazilian culture), with the to understand how black and black characters are represented in children's literature; our object of study. In order to achieve the objective, we take the representations of black and black characters contained in the twenty-seven works analyzed throughout the work. We highlight after the research that of the twenty-seven books analyzed, two of them present normative and biased discourse; which demonstrates that our initial hypothesis does not confirms. / Le présent travail a pour objectif principal d'analyser les discours portés dans les livres de la littérature d'une perspective post-structuraliste et Foucault (2014a, 2014b) sur l'articulation entre discours, pouvoir et savoir. Nous utiliserons pour analyse les livres de littérature pour enfants produits après la promulgation de la loi 10.639 / 2003, qui a établi l'inclusion dans le programme officiel du système scolaire de le thème "Histoire et culture afro-brésilienne", cherchant à comprendre comment les discours et les formes textuelles et iconographiques peuvent ou non apporter un fardeau intentionnel, stéréotypé, naturalisé et constitué de ce que c'est d'être noir ces jours-ci.Nous discuterons si le genre littéraire des enfants peut opportuniser à travers le récit, les réflexions sur les représentations du noir et du noir contenues dans les œuvres de la littérature pour enfants sous la lumière des catégories suivantes: opprimés, consciencisation noire et identité. Notre hypothèse qu'après la mise en œuvre de la loi 10.639 / 2003, le les personnages noirs et noirs gardent l'opérationnalisation du racisme dans la littérature pour enfants. Faire point de vue théorico-méthodologique, la recherche est qualitative, de nature ethnographique. Nous regarderons vingt-sept œuvres appartenant aux archives de la Bibliothèque municipale de Paulo Duarte (une bibliothèque avec une collection thématique en culture africaine et afro-brésilienne), avec comprendre comment les personnages noirs et noirs sont représentés dans la littérature pour enfants; notre objet d'étude. Pour atteindre l'objectif, nous prenons les représentations de caractères noirs et noirs contenus dans les vingt-sept œuvres analysées tout au long de l'œuvre. Nous soulignons après la recherche que des vingt-sept livres analysés, deux d'entre eux présentent discours normatif et biaisé; ce qui démontre que notre hypothèse initiale ne confirme Mots-clés: Littérature pour enfants. / O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo analisar os discursos veiculados em livros de literatura infantil a partir de uma perspectiva pós-estruturalista e de alguns apontamentos de Foucault (2014a, 2014b) sobre a articulação entre o discurso, poder e conhecimento. Utilizaremos para análise os livros de literatura infantil produzidos após a promulgação da Lei n.º 10.639/2003, que estabeleceu a inclusão no currículo oficial da rede de ensino a obrigatoriedade da temática “História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira”, buscando compreender como os discursos e as formas textuais e iconográficas podem ou não trazer uma carga intencional, estereotipada, naturalizada e constituída do que é ser negro nos dias de hoje. Discutiremos se o gênero literário infantil pode oportunizar por meio da narrativa, reflexões acerca das representações do negro e da negra contidas nas obras de literatura infantil sob a luz das seguintes categorias: oprimido, conscientização e identidade negra. A nossa hipótese inicial é a de que, após a implementação da Lei n.º 10.639/2003, os discursos sobre os personagens negros e negras mantêm a operacionalização do racismo na literatura infantil. Do ponto de vista teórico-metodológico, a pesquisa é qualitativa, de cunho etnográfico. Debruçaremos sobre vinte e sete obras pertencentes ao arquivo da Biblioteca Municipal Paulo Duarte (Biblioteca com acervo temático em cultura africana e afro-brasileira), com o intuito de entender como são representados os personagens negros e negras na literatura infantil; nosso objeto de estudo. Para a consecução do objetivo, tomamos as representações dos personagens negros e negras contidos nas vinte e sete obras analisadas ao longo do trabalho. Destacamos após a pesquisa que dos vinte e sete livros analisados, dois deles apresentam discurso normativo e preconceituoso; o que demonstra que nossa hipótese inicial não se confirma.

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This master's thesis deals with the analyse the poem in prose "Walled-in" by Brazilian black symbolist poet João da Cruz e Sousa. At the beginning it outlines the author's life and work. An insight into the starting points of Symbolism follows, accompanied by a detailed characterization of the essential features of its poetics as represented in the works by Cruz e Sousa. The analysis itself begins with the definition of the poem genre in prose and a brief outline of the content of the "Walled-in", which is a synthesis of the poet's artistic and life options resulting from being a black man. On this basis, I have determined the fundamental themes (Night, Art, Pain and Blackness), in which the poet's exclusion as an artist and as a negro. The initial intimate confession turns into a fiery speech that fights back narrow- minded artistic production of the period and the Negro discrimination.

This qualitative mixed methods study examines how six participants- three Black college-level art students and three accomplished Black artists-educators, respond to curated installations designed to probe their understandings of and reactions to depictions of Black Americans in examples of visual culture from the United States of America (US), namely early film and television. The participants viewed and responded to two presentations designed from two contextual analyses. Exhibition Part 1 featured popular early US American films, animated movies, and a television sitcom from 1915 to 1979. Exhibition Part 2 displayed artistic, historical, and scholarly materials from 1903 to the present, which related to the content in Exhibition Part 1 to examine the enduring presence and implications of the famous media. Specifically, this study addressed the following questions: Given that stereotypical depictions of Black people in popular American visual culture have historically influenced societal perceptions of Black people and how these stereotypes can manifest into racial propaganda for capitalist means, what might we learn about the enduring nature of racial stereotypes from the responses of six Black participants to a curated visual arts exhibition based on the theme racial stereotyping? Given a specifically created visual arts exhibition embedding several racist tropes, how do three Black college art educators and three Black college art students recognize the stereotypes embedded in the exhibition and know anything about their origins and histories? What have participants' experiences been with the stereotypes they recognize, and in what different forms and settings? If some of the racial stereotypes embedded in the visual installation are unrecognized, how do participants account for this? The data analysis, especially cross-examinations, revealed participants' assessments of the exhibitions, which centered on their observances of media created by White US American artists that spotlighted fictional Black characters in creative storylines and how these endeavors sought to control and define Black Americans. When discussing Exhibition Part 1, participants had unfavorable reactions to the content and witnessed unfavorable depictions that reminded them of unfavorable lived experiences. When answering questions about Exhibition Part 2, their remarks primarily cited control, gains, and trauma as examples of racial propaganda for capitalist means. The concluding discussion of the significant takeaways from this study centered on six salient implications for art and art education: 1. Artistic Racism and Art as Racial Capitalism in popular American visual culture 2. Action-oriented, racially conscious educational practices 3. The fundamental need for Black Intellectual Thought 4. Subsequent scholarly work for the researcher 5. Black Research Throughout this study, I evoked the Black gaze, meaning I approached and tackled this scholarly work from my perspective as a Black queen, a proud descendant of and advocate for African people and the Black Race. I lead with a culturally informed Black stance and dare to do so in academia. It is for readers who are the same. Despite identifying differently, it is also for those who can decenter themselves to acknowledge and consider information about African Americans, the Black Race, and viewpoints of Black individuals to appreciate this study and its suggestions. KEYWORDS:artistic racism, the Black gaze, the Black Race, Blackness, depictions, education, film, media, lived experiences, perceptions, Race, racial bias, racial capitalism, racial gaslighting, racial propaganda, racial stereotypes, racism, representations in early US media, research, social and racial implications, social assumptions, teaching, visual art, visual culture, US American history