Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de infección por Strongyloides stercolaris y otras enteroparasitosis en el pueblo joven Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo de Chiclayo durante Junio-Octubre del 2011. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, trasversal; muestreo aleatorio, estratificado, polietápico, siendo el tamaño muestral de 106 pobladores. Se diseñó y validó una ficha de recolección epidemiológica. Un biólogo recibió entrenamiento en las técnicas de diagnóstico de Strongyloides stercolaris en un centro referencial de Lima. Se recolectaron 3 muestras por paciente, sometidas a 5 técnicas parasitológicas: Examen directo de heces, Baermann modificado en Copa por Lumbreras, Test de sedimentación espontánea, Cultivo en agar y Cultivo Dancescu. Resultados: Se visitaron 124 casas; el porcentaje de respuesta fue de 85,7%. Se logró entrevistar 106 personas. El promedio de edad fue de 27,8 +/- 16,9 años; hubieron 31 hombres (29,2%) y 75 mujeres (70,8%). El 26,4% de personas habían realizado un viaje a la Sierra y/o Selva en los últimos 5 años con una estancia mayor a un mes. El piso de tierra fue el más frecuente en el total de viviendas (55,6%); 102 personas (96,2 %) tenían desagüe; 23 pobladores (21,7 %) tuvieron al menos un parásito detectado. No se hallaron pobladores infectados con Strongyloides stercolaris. La enteroparasitosis más frecuente fue por protozoarios, con predominio de Blastocystis hominis en un 12,3%. Conclusiones: Se halló una baja frecuencia de enteroparasitosis y ausencia de pobladores infectados con Strongyloides stercolaris. El parásito más frecuente fue Blastocystis hominis. / Tesis

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de infección por Strongyloides stercolaris y otras enteroparasitosis en el pueblo joven Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo de Chiclayo durante Junio-Octubre del 2011. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, trasversal; muestreo aleatorio, estratificado, polietápico, siendo el tamaño muestral de 106 pobladores. Se diseñó y validó una ficha de recolección epidemiológica. Un biólogo recibió entrenamiento en las técnicas de diagnóstico de Strongyloides stercolaris en un centro referencial de Lima. Se recolectaron 3 muestras por paciente, sometidas a 5 técnicas parasitológicas: Examen directo de heces, Baermann modificado en Copa por Lumbreras, Test de sedimentación espontánea, Cultivo en agar y Cultivo Dancescu. Resultados: Se visitaron 124 casas; el porcentaje de respuesta fue de 85,7%. Se logró entrevistar 106 personas. El promedio de edad fue de 27,8 +/- 16,9 años; hubieron 31 hombres (29,2%) y 75 mujeres (70,8%). El 26,4% de personas habían realizado un viaje a la Sierra y/o Selva en los últimos 5 años con una estancia mayor a un mes. El piso de tierra fue el más frecuente en el total de viviendas (55,6%); 102 personas (96,2 %) tenían desagüe; 23 pobladores (21,7 %) tuvieron al menos un parásito detectado. No se hallaron pobladores infectados con Strongyloides stercolaris. La enteroparasitosis más frecuente fue por protozoarios, con predominio de Blastocystis hominis en un 12,3%. Conclusiones: Se halló una baja frecuencia de enteroparasitosis y ausencia de pobladores infectados con Strongyloides stercolaris. El parásito más frecuente fue Blastocystis hominis.

<p>UVOD: Blastocistis hominis (Bh) je najrasprostranjeniji protist na na&scaron;oj planeti, ali pri tome najkontraverzniji. Infekcija Bh počinje ingestijom hrane ili tečnosti koja je kontaminirana cističnom formom Bh. Nakon gutanja, iz ciste se razvijaju u debelom crevu čoveka vakuolarne forme protista. Fekalno - oralni prenos je najče&scaron;ći put &scaron;irenja infekcije. Oboljenje koje Bh izaziva kod ljudi naziva se blastocistoza. Najče&scaron;će inficirani imaju gastrointestinalne tegobe, pre svega bol u trbuhu i proliv. Blastocistoza se danas povezuje sa dva klinička entiteta koji predstavljaju poremećaj rada creva, odnosno sindromom iritabilnog creva i hroničnom inflamatornom bolesti creva (HIBC). CILJ RADA I HIPOTEZE: Predmet istraživanja je da se utvrdi povezanost prisustva infekcije Blastocistis hominisom i postojanja zapaljenja sluzokože debelog creva (kolitisa) kod dece sa gastrointestinalnim tegobama, zatim da se utvrdi udeo dece sa posebnom formom kolitisa, hroničnom inflamatornom bolesti creva, među inficiranim Blastocistis hominisom, a da bi se omogućilo bolje razumevanje blastocistoze kod dece. Osnovne hipoteze u istraživanju su statistički značajno veća učestalost pojave kolitisa i hronične inflamatorne bolesti creva kod dece uzrasta od 1 meseca do 18 godina, hospitalizovane zbog bola u trbuhu i/ili proliva koji su inficirani Blastocistis hominisom, kao i statistički značajno veća učestalost kolitisa u odnosu na hroničnu inflamatornu bolest creva u istom uzorku. MATERIJAL I METODE: Prospektivnim ispitivanjem su obuhvaćeni pedijatrijski bolesnici, hospitalizovani na Odeljenju za gastroenterologiju, hepatologiju i ishranu, Instituta za zdravstvenu za&scaron;titu dece i omladine Vojvodine, zbog bola u trbuhu i/ili proliva, iz čije stolice je dokazan Blastocistis hominis. U toku ispitivanja primenjene su standardne metode uzimanja anamneza od bolesnika, fizički pregledi, odgovarajuće standardne laboratorijske analize krvi i stolice, ultrazvučni pregled abdomena, kolonoskopija i patohistolo&scaron;ki pregled biopsija debelog creva. Svi bolesnici su lečeni metronidazolom u trajanju 10 dana, prema važećim terapijskim protokolima. REZULTATI: Ispitivanjem je obuhvaćeno 102 bolesnika, koji su an osnovu patohistolo&scaron;kog nalaza podeljeni u tri grupe: 1. Grupa (bolesnici koji nemaju kolitis, obuhvatila je 4 bolesnika (4.4%)), 2. Grupa &ndash; (bolesnici koji imaju nespecifični kolitis, obuhvatila je 56 bolesnika (56.55%)) i 3. Grupa &ndash;(bolesnici koji imaju hroničnu inflamatornu bolest, obuhvatila je 42 bolesnika (42.41%)). Među ispitanicima je bio podjednak broj dece mu&scaron;kog i ženskog pola, odnosno 51 dečak i 51 devojčica. Uzrast ispitanika koji imaju infekciju Blastocistisom hominisom se kretao u interval od 11 meseci do 17 godina i 7 meseci. Medijana je iznosila 12.54 godine, a prosečna starost 11.25 godine. Blastocistoza nema sezonski karakter (&chi;2=0.667; df=3; p=0,881). Značajno vi&scaron;e inficiranih Blastocistis hominisom živelo u kući, nego u stanu i posedovalo domaće životinje i/ili kućne ljubimce, ali ne postojanje odgovarajućih higijenskih uslova, kanalizacije i vodovoda nije prediktivni faktor za razvoj infekcije Blastocistis hominisom, kao ni pohađanje kolektiva ili život u ruralnom sredinama. Stariji uzrast deteta (p=0,020) i život u kući (p = 0,033) su prediktivni faktori za pojavu hronične inflamatorne bolesti creva kod dece sa kolitisom. Deca sa blastocistozom su imala antropometrijske parametre u granicama normale.Ispitanici najče&scaron;će bili primljeni u bolnicu pod djagnozom gastroenterokolitisa, zbog proliva i bola u trbuhu, a da prisustvo gastrointestinalnih tegoba i prisustvo op&scaron;tih znakova infekcije nisu jedan od sigurnih kliničkih značajnih znakova infekcije Blastocistis hominisom. Prisustvo patolo&scaron;kih primesa u stolici nije jedan od sigurnih klinički značajnih znakova infekcije Blastocistis hominisom.Na osnovu laboratorijskog, kliničkog i endoskopskog skora za aktivnost HIBC većina bolesnika je imala umerenu aktivnost.Inficirani sa Bh imaju najče&scaron;će C-reaktivni protein u okvirima refentnih vrednosti, izuzev ukoliko nemaju i HIBC. Povi&scaron;ena sedimentacija eritrocita je karakteristična za bolesnike sa HIBC. Oboleli od blastocistoze imaju najčesce imunoglobulin A, leukocite, neutrofile i eozinofile u krvi u referentnim granicama.Vrednosti feremije upućuju da je većina ispitanika bila anemična, a naročito deca koja su imala i infekciju sa Bh i HIBC. Kod bolesnika sa blastocistozom, postojanje pozitivnog testa na okultnu krv u stolici, treba da pobudi sumnju na udruženu HIBC. Ispitanici sa infekcijom Bh i sa HIBC su imali najče&scaron;će kvantitativno veći broj Bh u stolici. Mezenterajalni limfadenitis i splenomegalija su nespecifični ultrazvučni nalaz kod inficiranih sa Bh, iako su bili najče&scaron;će opisane patolo&scaron;ke promene na ultrazvuku abdomena. Zaključujemo da su ispitanici najče&scaron;će imali nespecifične endoskopske promene i patohistolo&scaron;ke promene u debelom crevu. Metronidazol je bezbedan i efikasan, u dozi 15-50 mg/kg/dan, u trajanju od 10 dana, u terapiji infekcije sa Bh kod dece. ZAKLJUČAK: Deca inficirana sa Bh imaju najče&scaron;će colitis od patolo&scaron;kih promena na debelom crevu, bez značajne razlike između nespecifičnog kolitisa i HIBC. Značajno manje inficiranih sa Bh ima uredan kolonoskopski nalaz.Utvrđivanja značaja Blastocistis hominisa u nastanku kolitisa i hronične inflamatorne bolesti creva kod dece, doprinosi prihvatanju Blastocistisa hominisa kao patogena i ukazuje na nephodnost njegovog lečenja.</p> / <p>INTRODUCTION: Blastocystis hominis (Bh) is the most outspread protist on our planet, but also the most controversial. Infection Bh starts by digestion of the eaten food or liquid which has been contained by a cyst form Bh. After swallowing, from the cyst they grow (progress) in the colon of the human, with a vacuolar form of a protest. Oral transmission is the most common way of spreading the infection. The disease caused by Bh on humans is called blastocystisis. In most cases the infected humans have gastrointestinal complaints, the most common are abdominal pain and diarrhea. Blastocystis is nowadays connected to two clinical disease, the irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). THE AIM AND HYPOTHESESS: The subject of research is to establish the connection between the presence of the infection Bh and the existence of mucosal inflammation of the colon in children with gastrointestinal complaints, as well as to establish the group of the children with a special form of colitis, inflammatory bowel disease and the ones infected by Bh, wich would insure better understanding of the blastocystosis in children. The basic hypothesis in the study were statistically significantly higher incidence of chronic colitis and inflammatory bowel disease in children aged 1 month to 18 years, hospitalized for abdominal pain and/or diarrhea who are infected Bh, as well as significantly higher incidence of colitis compared in chronic inflammatory bowel disease in the same sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prospective study included pediatric patients with abdominal pain and/or diarrhea, and stool positive on Bh, that have been hospitalized on the Department for gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition, in the Institution for Health Care of Children and Youth in Vojvodina. The standard testing methods were used: anamnesis, physical examination, laboratory analysis of blood and stool, ultrasound examination of the abdomen, colonoscopy and histopathological examination of the biopsy of the colon. All patients have been treated with metronidazole for 10 days, according to the applicable protocols. RESULTS: The study included 102 patients, which are divided into three groups : 1. group (patients that have no colitis, included 4 patients (4.4%)), 2. group (patients with unspecified colitis, included 56 patients (56.55%)) and 3. group (patients with inflammatory bowel disease, included 42 patients (42.41%)). Among them, there was an equal number of children that were male and female, 51 boys and 51 girls. Age of respondents who have Bh infection ranged from 11 months to 17 years and 7 months. The median is 12.54 years, and the average age of 11.25 years. Blastocistosis no have seasonal character (&chi;2 = 0.667, df = 3, p = 0.881). Significantly more infected Blastocistis hominid lived in the house, but in an apartment owned and domestic animals and / or pets,yet the existence of appropriate hygiene, sanitation and water supply is not a predictive factor for the development of infection Bh, as well as attending the collective or life in rural areas . The older child&#39;s age (p = 0.020) and life at home (p = 0.033) were predictive factors for development of inflammatory bowel disease in children with colitis. Children with blastocistosis had anthropometric parameters within normal limits. Respondents most frequently been admitted to hospital under diagnosis gastroenteritis due to diarrhea and abdominal pain, and that the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms and general signs of infection are not a significant clinical signs of infection Bh. The presence of pathological findings in stool is not one of reliable signs of clinically infection Bh. Based on laboratory findings, clinical and endoscopic activity score for IBD most patients had moderate activity of desease. Children with Bh infection usually have normal C-reactive protein in terms of value, unless if have IBD. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate is characteristic of patients with IBD. Children with blastocistosis usually have normal level of Immunoglobulin A, leukocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils. Serum iron indicate that most subject were anemic, especially children who have had an infection with the Bh and IBD.Children with blastocistosis, the existence of a positive test for occult blood in the stool, should arouse suspicion of association IBD. Subject with IBD had mostly quantitatively greater number of Bh in the stool. Mesenterial lymphadenitis and splenomegaly are non-specific ultrasound findings in infected with Bh, although they were usually described pathological changes in abdominal ultrasound. This is to conclude that the subject usually had colitis and IBD changes in endoscopic and histopathological changes in the colon. Metronidazole has beem proved safe and effective, at 15-50 mg/ kg/day for 10 days in the treatment of infections in children with Bh. CONCLUSION: Children infected with Bh colitis usually have pathological changes in the large intestine, with no significant difference between the non-specific colitis and inflammatory bowel disease. Significantly less infected with Bh has a normal colonoscopy findings. Confirmed the importance of Bh in the development of chronic colitis and inflammatory bowel disease in children, increase public acceptance Blastocistisa hominis as pathogens and points to the necessity of treatment.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:17:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-Ione Soares Ferreira Ginuino.pdf: 594140 bytes, checksum: 1524f0a5e00c7f5bb986fa9cebab4c20 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-24 / With the objective to determine frequency, age and sex influences, and risk factor associated to Blastocystis hominis in feces of housed dogs and cats from the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 234 fecal samples were collected by convenience from 175 dogs and 59 cats. To the diagnostic of B. hominis in fecal samples, direct examination was used, but ferric-hematoxilin and Gomori s trichrome techniques were used in order to confirm this diagnostic. Width and length of the parasite found in fecal samples varied from 10.07 to 13.80, and 12.66 to 19.93 to dogs and cats respectively. With regards the frequency of B. hominis in housed animals, 23.42 of dogs, and 23.72% of cats were positives, independent of animal sex. Animal s age was the important factor to determine, mainly in dogs, the risk of B. hominis transmission in dwellings. / Com o objetivo de determinar a morfologia, freq??ncia, influ?ncia da idade e sexo, e fatores de risco associados ? Blastocystis hominis nas fezes de c?es e gatos domiciliados na Regi?o Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, foram coletadas amostras fecais por conveni?ncia de 175 c?es e 59 gatos. Para o diagn?stico de B. hominis, foi utilizado o exame direto, e para confirma??o do diagn?stico foram usadas ?s t?cnicas de colora??o da hematoxilina f?rrica e tricr?mio de Gomori. A largura e o comprimento de B. hominis encontrado nas amostras fecais variaram de 10,07 a 13,80&#956;m, e 12,66 a 19,93&#956;m para c?es e gatos respectivamente. Quanto ? freq??ncia de B. hominis nos animais domiciliados, 23,42% dos c?es, e 23,72% dos gatos foram positivos, independente do sexo. A idade dos animais foi um importante fator para determinar, principalmente nos c?es domiciliados, o risco de transmiss?o de B. hominis.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:29:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Solimar A de Oliveira.pdf: 1870870 bytes, checksum: 5c7849377c8610cb5cbc8b8d4905a909 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-10 / Introduction: The chronic renal insufficiency is in between the transition epidemiologist illness, being able to be affected by the enteric opportunistic parasites for representing a population of immunosuppressed. Catalogued as emergent agents of opportunistic character, protozoan disease is responsible for important morbi-mortality rates, but little recognized on the part of the professionals of health and for the shortage of specialized laboratories in its diagnostics. They are caused mainly by protozoan, as the Blastocystis hominis, Cryptosporidium sp, Isospora belli, Cyclospora cayetanensis, amongst others. Objectives: Mapping world-wide studies through a systematic revision of literature concerned to the detection of these protozoan in hemodialysis patients. And, besides, to identify enteric opportunistic agents in immunosuppressed children with chronic nephropathies who were submitted to hemodialysis and also children patients who don t have chronic nephropathies, in the Clinical Hospital /UFG. Methods: The theoretical part, represented by the systematic revision of literature, was elaborated from standardized forms on the selection of scientific articles available in the Virtual Library in Health. This work, concerning the experimental part, was built in the period of October of 2009 to May of 2011 with analysis of the epidemiologic profiles of the patients and laboratorial detection of opportunistic enteroparasitosis in 229 fecal samples of 26 hemodialysis children (test-group) and of 59 children who haven t chronic nephropathies (control group), from the Hospital of the Clinics of the Federal University of Goiás. For further detection of the oocysts of coccids (Cryptosporidium sp, Cyclospora cayetanensis and Isospora belli), microscopic examination was used direct (fresh).It was also used the methods of Hoffman, Pons and Janer, Ridley or of concentration in formalin 10% - Acetate of Ethyl, Coloration of Kinyoun (hot), and, Ziehl-Neelsen (modified). With regard to the diagnosis of Blastocystis hominis, it was used the microscopic examination direct (fresh) and the technique of Coloration of Nair - Blue of Methylene. Results: In the systematic revision of literature, nine articles had been selected, and from the interpretation on these studies, the presence of enteric opportunistic protozoan in fecal samples of hemodialysis patients was evidenced. In the experimental part, the detection of protozoan for patients, in the test group and in the control group was, respectively, of: Blastocystis hominis in 9 (34,6%) and 13 (22%); Giardia lamblia in 3 (11,5%) and 2 (3,4%); Endolimax nana in 9 (34,6%) and 9 (15,3%); Entamoeba coli in 3 (11,5%) and 2 (3,4%). And still it had been detected only in the test group: Cryptosporidium sp in 1 (3,8%) patient and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar in 3 (11,5%). Regarding the quantitative analysis of fecal samples, it was collected 115 samples of the group of hemodialysis children and 114 samples of the group of children who don t have chronic nephropathies. The results gotten in this comparison had designated the presence of oocysts of intestinal protozoan in the test group and in the control group. Respectively, we have: Blastocystis hominis in 24 (20,87%) and 16 (14,04%) samples; Giardia lamblia in 3 (2,61%) and 2 (1,75%) samples; Endolimax nana 15 (13,4%) and 9 (7,89%) samples. Besides, it had been detected only in the test group: Cryptosporidium sp in 1 (0,87%) sample and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar in 3 (2,61%). With regard to the diarrheal feces analysis, it was detected in test group 1 sample (0,87%), and in the control group, 8 (7.02%). Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that such agents are present in our environment, reinforcing isolated infections or associates, between them or ahead of other opportunistic enteric parasites, providing a risk for the population of hemodialysis patient. They still disclose the urgency of an implantation of specialized laboratories with specific detection techniques of these infectum-parasitic agents. / Introdução: A insuficiência renal crônica está entre as doenças de transição epidemiológica, podendo ser afetada pelas parasitoses entérico oportunistas por representar uma população de imunossuprimidos. Catalogadas como agentes emergentes de caráter oportunista, as protozooses são responsáveis por importantes índices de morbi-mortalidade, mas pouco reconhecidas por parte dos profissionais de saúde e pela escassez de laboratórios especializados em seus diagnósticos. São causadas, principalmente, por protozoários como o Blastocystis hominis, Cryptosporidium sp, Isospora belli, Cyclospora cayetanensis, dentre outros. Objetivos: Mapear estudos mundiais mediante revisão sistemática da literatura quanto à detecção destes protozoários em pacientes hemodialisados. Identificar agentes entéricos oportunistas em crianças imunossuprimidas com nefropatias crônicas e submetidas à hemodiálise e em crianças não portadoras de nefropatias crônicas, no Hospital das Clínicas/UFG. Métodos: A parte teórica, representada pela revisão sistemática da literatura, foi elaborada a partir de formulários padronizados para a seleção de artigos científicos existentes na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Este trabalho, no que tange à parte experimental, foi realizado no período de outubro de 2009 a maio de 2011, com análise do perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes e detecção laboratorial de enteroparasitoses oportunistas em 229 amostras fecais de 26 crianças hemodialisadas (grupo teste) e de 59 crianças não portadoras de nefropatias crônicas (grupo controle), procedentes do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Para a detecção dos oocistos de coccídeos (Cryptosporidium sp, Cyclospora cayetanensis e Isospora belli), foram utilizados exames microscópicos diretos a fresco, bem como os métodos de Hoffman, Pons e Janer, Ridley ou de concentração em formalina a 10% Acetato de Etila, Coloração de Kinyoun a quente e ainda, Ziehl-Neelsen modificado. Já para o diagnóstico de Blastocystis hominis, foram utilizados exames microscópicos diretos a fresco e a técnica de Coloração de Nair Azul de Metileno. Resultados: Na revisão sistemática da literatura foram selecionados nove artigos e a partir da interpretação desses estudos foi constatada a presença de protozoários entéricos oportunistas em amostras fecais de pacientes hemodialisados. Na parte experimental, a detecção de protozoários por pacientes, no grupo teste e no grupo controle, foi de: Blastocystis hominis em 9 (34,6%) e 13 (22%); Giardia lamblia em 3 (11,5%) e 2 (3,4%); Endolimax nana em 9 (34,6%) e 9 (15,3%); Entamoeba coli em 3 (11,5%) e 2 (3,4%), respectivamente. Ainda, foram detectados no grupo teste: Cryptosporidium sp em 1 (3,8%) paciente e Entamoeba histolytica/dispar em 3 (11,5%). Quanto à análise quantitativa de amostras fecais, foram coletadas 115 amostras fecais do grupo de crianças hemodialisadas e 114 amostras fecais do grupo de crianças não portadoras de nefropatias crônicas. Os resultados obtidos nessa comparação assinalaram a presença de cistos e oocistos de protozoários intestinais no grupo teste e no grupo controle. Nos referidos grupos teste e controle foram encontrados cistos de Blastocystis hominis em 24 (20,87%) e 16 (14,04%) amostras; Giardia lamblia em 3 (2,61%) e 2 (1,75%) amostras; Endolimax nana 15 (13,4%) e 9 (7,89%) amostras, respectivamente. Além disso, foram detectados no grupo-teste: Cryptosporidium sp em 1 (0,87%) amostra e Entamoeba histolytica/dispar em 3 (2,61%). Em relação à consistência das fezes, foi detectada fezes diarréicas em 1 (0,87%) amostra do grupo-teste e 8 (7,02%) do grupo controle. Conclusão: Estes achados demonstram que tais agentes estão presentes em nosso meio ambiente, potencializando infecções isoladas ou associadas, entre eles ou diante de outros parasitos entéricos oportunistas, proporcionando um risco para a população de hemodialisados. Revelam ainda, a premência de implantação de laboratórios especializados com técnicas específicas de detecção destes agentes infecto-parasitários.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-06-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:56:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mine_jc_me_arafcf.pdf: 726384 bytes, checksum: 6f4cf343dd34895158b4fd037741c3af (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Blastocystis hominis é protozoário causador da infecção intestinal denominada blastocistose humana, cujo diagnóstico é realizado pelo exame coproparasitológico e por meio de técnicas de colorações permanentes que foram utilizadas neste estudo para avaliar a prevalência de Blastocystis hominis nos espécimes fecais de habitantes na região de Araraquara-SP. Foram estudadas 503 amostras de fezes submetidas às técnicas de exame direto a fresco, de Faust e cols., de Lutz e de Rugai, Mattos e Brisola, além das colorações pela hematoxilina férrica, tricrômio e de Kinyoun modificada. Do total das amostras analisadas 174 (34,6%) apresentaram-se positivas para a presença de parasitas intestinais. O protozoário e helminto mais freqüentes foram respectivamente: Entamoeba coli (14,6%) e Strongyloides stercoralis (6,7%). Blastocystis hominis foi observado em 23 (4,6%) amostras fecais com consistência predominantemente pastosa, não caracterizando quadro diarréico. Apesar da baixa prevalência de Blastocystis hominis encontrada na região de Araraquara, comparativamente a outras regiões brasileiras, é importante a realização do diagnóstico laboratorial desse protozoário. O encontro de Blastocystis hominis em material fecal é indicativo de contaminação de alimentos e água de consumo, desde que se admita a rota de transmissão oral-fecal deste parasita, o que implica na orientação da população sobre as medidas de saneamento básico e higiene como meio para se controlar problemas de saúde ocasionados pelos enteroparasitas. / Blastocystis hominis is a protozoan which causes an intestinal infection called human blasticistosis. Its diganosis is perfomed by stool examination and permanent staining techniques. Such methodologies were carried out on the present study in order to evaluate the prevalence of Blastocystis hominis in faecal specimens from the Araraquara region inhabitants. A total of 503 faecal samples were evaluated by the following techniques: examination fo fresh specimens, Lutz, Faust et al. and Rugai et al. besides the iron hemotoxylin, trichrome and modified Kinyon staining. Out of 503 stool samples examined 174 (34,6) were found to be positive for intestinal parasites. The most prevalent protozoan and helminth parasites were Entamoeba coli (14,6%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (6,7%) respectively. Balstocystis hominis was present in 23 (4,6%) stool samples, most of all of soft consistence and without diarrheic reports. Blastocystis hominis laboratorial diagnosis is important althought its prevalence has been low in Araraquara region. Blastocystis hominis findings is faecal specimens indicates the food and water contamination and since the transmission of this parasite is iral-faecal it implies that the population needs orientation about hygiene and basic sanitation conditions in order to control health problems caused by enteroparasites.

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de infección por Strongyloides stercolaris y otras enteroparasitosis en el pueblo joven Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo de Chiclayo durante Junio-Octubre del 2011. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, trasversal; muestreo aleatorio, estratificado, polietápico, siendo el tamaño muestral de 106 pobladores. Se diseñó y validó una ficha de recolección epidemiológica. Un biólogo recibió entrenamiento en las técnicas de diagnóstico de Strongyloides stercolaris en un centro referencial de Lima. Se recolectaron 3 muestras por paciente, sometidas a 5 técnicas parasitológicas: Examen directo de heces, Baermann modificado en Copa por Lumbreras, Test de sedimentación espontánea, Cultivo en agar y Cultivo Dancescu. Resultados: Se visitaron 124 casas; el porcentaje de respuesta fue de 85,7%. Se logró entrevistar 106 personas. El promedio de edad fue de 27,8 +/- 16,9 años; hubieron 31 hombres (29,2%) y 75 mujeres (70,8%). El 26,4% de personas habían realizado un viaje a la Sierra y/o Selva en los últimos 5 años con una estancia mayor a un mes. El piso de tierra fue el más frecuente en el total de viviendas (55,6%); 102 personas (96,2 %) tenían desagüe; 23 pobladores (21,7 %) tuvieron al menos un parásito detectado. No se hallaron pobladores infectados con Strongyloides stercolaris. La enteroparasitosis más frecuente fue por protozoarios, con predominio de Blastocystis hominis en un 12,3%. Conclusiones: Se halló una baja frecuencia de enteroparasitosis y ausencia de pobladores infectados con Strongyloides stercolaris. El parásito más frecuente fue Blastocystis hominis.

Las enteroparasitosis intestinales constituyen un problema de salud pública en Perú, debido a que estos parásitos pueden ingresar al organismo por vía oral y hábitos higiénico-sanitarios deficientes que facilitan su transmisión y conservación. Cuando la carga de dichos parásitos es considerablemente alta o se acompaña de alteraciones en la inmunidad del hospedero, se pueden producir complicaciones que comprometen seriamente la salud del paciente. Sabemos que el control farmacológico de las parasitosis es efectivo y seguro. No obstante, sin autocuidado y mantenimiento sostenible de buenas condiciones higiénico-sanitarias, no es posible su erradicación. Considerando lo mencionado anteriormente, desarrollaré la presente investigación en una población escolar de la Institución Educativa N° 6041 “Alfonso Ugarte” del distrito San Juan de Miraflores para determinar la prevalencia de parasitosis intestinales. Se eligió una muestra representativa conformada de 116 niños de 8 a 13 años. Las muestras fecales obtenidas fueron analizadas utilizando: examen macroscópico, método directo, método de Parodi Alcaraz y test de Graham. El 85.3% de los alumnos examinados resultaron parasitados. La incidencia parasitaria fue mayor en mujeres (86.8%) comparado a los hombres (83.6%). La frecuencia parasitaria de acuerdo al Monoparasitismo de los grupos taxonómicos fueron 35.3% del Phylum Amoebozoa, 3.4% del Phylum Metamonada, 3.4% del Phylum Platyhelminthes, 0.9% del Phylum Bigyra y 0.9% del Phylum Nematoda, con las especies Entamoeba coli, Giardia lamblia, Hymenolepis nana, Blastocystis hominis y Enterobius vermicularis, respectivamente. La mayor frecuencia correspondiente al Biparasitismo fue la asociación de los Phyla Metamonada y Amoebozoa con 32.8%. La mayor frecuencia correspondiente al Triparasitismo fue la asociación de los Phyla Metamonada, Amoebozoa y Platyhelminthes con 1.7%. The intestinal enteroparasites constitute a public health problem in Peru, due to these parasites can enter the body by mouth and hygienic habits-poor health that facilitate its transmission and conservation. When the burden of such parasites is considerably high or is accompanied by alterations in the immunity of the host, it can produce complications which seriously compromise the health of the patient. We know that the pharmacological control of the parasitosis is effective and safe. However, self-care and sustainable maintenance of good hygienic and sanitary conditions, it is not possible to its eradication. Considering the above, I will develop this research in a school population of the Educational Institution N° 6041 "Alfonso Ugarte" of the district San Juan de Miraflores to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitism. I chosen a representative sample consisted of 116 children 8 to 13 years old. Stool samples obtained were analyzed using: macroscopic examination, direct method, Parodi Alcaraz’s method and Graham’s test. The 85.3% of the students examined were parasitized. The parasitic incidence was higher in women (86.8%) compared to men (83.6%). The frequency of parasites according the Monoparasitism of taxonomic group was 35.3% of the Phylum Amoebozoa, 3.4% of the Phylum Metamonada, 3.4% of the Phylum Platyhelminthes, 0.9% of the Phylum Bigyra and 0.9% of the Phylum Nematoda, with the species Entamoeba coli, Giardia lamblia, Hymenolepis nana, Blastocystis hominis and Enterobius vermicularis, respectively. The highest frequency corresponding the Biparasitism was the association of the Phyla Metamonada and Amoebozoa with 32.8%. The highest frequency corresponding the Triparasitismo was the association of the Phyla Metamonada, Amoebozoa and Platyhelminthes with 1.7%.

Introducción. El estado nutricional de los individuos es considerado un valioso indicador del estado de salud de la población, así como también del accionar de factores socio-económicos y ambientales. Objetivos: Analizar la relación entre el estado nutricional, las enteroparasitosis y las condiciones socioambientales en niños de Aristóbulo del Valle, Misiones. Métodos. Estudio antropométrico transversal y parasitológico en niños de ambos sexos y entre 6 a 11 años de escuelas públicas del Municipio de Aristóbulo del Valle. Para el análisis de desnutrición se utilizó como referencia CDC/NCHS y para exceso de peso IOTF. El análisis parasitológico se realizó mediante la toma de muestras seriadas de materia fecal y escobillado anal. El relevamiento de las condiciones socio-ambientales se realizó mediante encuestas estructuradas. Resultados. El estado nutricional indicó mayor desnutrición crónica (7,5%) que global y aguda y mayor sobrepeso (9,8%) respecto a obesidad. Los niños presentaron alto porcentaje de parasitismo (86%) y las especies más prevalentes fueron Blastocystis hominis, Enterobius vermicularis y Giardia lamblia. La mayoría de las familias de estos niños habitaban viviendas de chapa y madera, con limitado acceso a servicios públicos, altos niveles de desempleo y padres con un nivel educativo básico. / Introduction: The study of the growth and nutritional status of the individuals is considered an important sign of the population health, as well as the action of socio-economic and environmental factors. Objectives: To analyze the relationship among the nutritional status, enteroparasitoses and socio-environmental conditions in children from Aristóbulo del Valle, Misiones. Methods: A cross-sectional anthropometrical and parasitological study was made in children from both sexes between 6 to 11 years old of public school from Municipality of Aristóbulo del Valle. NCHS was employed as reference in the analysis of undernutrition, and IOTF for the excess of weight. The parasitological analysis was realized by faecal samples and anal brushes. Socio-environmental conditions were evaluated through structured interviews. Results: The nutritional status indicated higher chronic undernutrition (7.5%) than underweight and wasting, and higher overweight than obesity (9.8%). Children showed high percentage of parasitism (86%) and Blastocystis hominis, Enterobius vermicularis and Giardia lamblia were the more prevalent species. Most families of these children live in precarious constructions made out of wood and/or masonry, with limited access to public services, high unemployment levels and a basic educational level of parents. Conclusions: The results obtained indicate the impact of the socio-economic, educational and sanitary impairment, in the children health from a sector Aristóbulo del Valle population, that entails to the coexistence of undernutrition, overweight and parasitic infections.