Azopolímeros apresentam propriedades de fotoisomerização, úteis para confecção de memórias ópticas, que dependem da arquitetura molecular do azopolímero e do filme formado a partir dele. Neste trabalho foram sintetizados polímeros com arquitetura molecular controlada, usando os azomonômeros [4-(N-etil-N-2-(metacriloxietil)) amino-2\'-cloro-4\'-nitroazobenzeno] (DR13MA) e [4-(N-etil-N-2-(metacriloxietil)) aminoazobenzeno] (MAEAMA). Para a síntese de homopolímeros e copolímeros em bloco foram utilizados dois métodos: NMRP - polimerização radicalar mediada por nitróxidos e ATRP - polimerização radicalar por transferência de átomo. Foram produzidos copolímeros dibloco, com um dos blocos contendo azocorantes, pela reação do monômero DR13MA com macroiniciadores poliestireno (PS) no método NMRP, e poli(metacrilato de metila) (PMMA) via ATRP. Homopolímeros de ambos os azomonômeros foram sintetizados por ATRP, e assim como os copolímeros em bloco mostraram cadeias com baixa polidispersividade. Complementando o trabalho de síntese, foram estudadas as propriedades dos materiais na interface ar-água, utilizando filmes de Langmuir, e procedeu-se a transferência dos mesmos para substratos sólidos formando filmes Langmuir-Blodgett (LB). Nos filmes de Langmuir foi observada a conformação e as interações (agregação) das moléculas dos materiais, destacadamente, no caso do homopolímero HPMAEA, foi observado um patamar próximo a 8 mN/m na isoterma de pressão de superfície, indicando haver reorganização do material no filme. Os filmes LB serviram como objeto de estudo das propriedades ópticas dos compostos, e no caso do homopolímero HPDR13 sintetizado via ATRP, pela primeira vez foi possível a realização de medidas em filmes puros do material. Medidas de armazenamento óptico foram realizadas para comprovar a aplicabilidade dos materiais em memórias ópticas. No caso do terpolímero PS-b-[MMA-co-DR13] sintetizado por NMRP, os resultados de armazenamento foram semelhantes aos obtidos com blendas. Para o homopolímero HPMAEA, uma grande influência do tipo de filme empregado (cast ou LB) foi observada no tempo de escrita das memórias, com o tempo para o filme LB sendo 26 vezes menor. Copolímeros em bloco PMMA-b-DR13 podem ser vantajosos por aliarem as propriedades ópticas do homopolímero HPDR13 à maior estabilidade térmica e mecânica do PMMA. / Azopolymers display photoisomerization properties, which can be exploited in optical memories, and depend strongly on the molecular architecture of the polymer chain and kind of film employed. In this work, azopolymers with controlled molecular architecture were synthesized using the azomonomers [4-(N-ethyl-N-2(methacryloxyethyl))amino-2\'-chloro-4\'-nitroazobenzene](DR13MA)and[4-(N-ethyl-N-2-(methacryloxyethyl))aminoazobenzene] (MAEAMA). Two methods were used to synthesize homopolymers and block-copolymers: NMRP - Nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization and ATRP - Atom transfer radical polymerization. Diblock-copolymers were produced, with one block composed by azodyes units, by reacting the monomer DR13MA with a polystyrene (PS) macroinitiator via NMRP, or with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) macroinitiator via ATRP. Homopolymers of both azomonomers were synthesized by ATRP, and - analogously to the blockcopolymers - exhibited controlled structure with a small polydispersity. The synthesized polymers were then used in the formation of Langmuir films at the air-water interface, which could be transferred onto solid substrates forming Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films. In Langmuir films, an investigation was made of the conformation and interactions (aggregation) of the film-forming molecules. Interestingly, a plateau was observed at 8 mN/m in the surface pressure isotherm for the HPMAEA homopolymer, pointing to a reorganization of the polymer during compression. For HPDR13 produced by ATRP, it was possible to deposit LB films with no need to use surfactants, unlike the case of HPDR13 synthesized by conventional methods. Optical storage measurements were performed to demonstrate the applicability of the azo-containing materials in optical memories. For the terpolymer PS-b-[MMA-co-DR13] made by NMRP, the storage results were similar to those obtained with blends. In the case of the homopolymer HPMAEA, a large influence of the kind of film used (cast or LB) was observed in the writing time of the memories, with the writing time for the LB film being 26 times faster. PMMA-b-DR13 block-copolymers may be advantageous in combining the optical properties of the homopolymer HPDR13 with the thermal and mechanical stability of PMMA.

La faible durée de vie des cellules solaires organiques constitue un frein à leur développement commercial. Dans ce contexte, ce travail de thèse a été consacré à l’amélioration de la résistance mécanique des cellules d’une part, et d’autre part à l’étude de leur stabilité chimique sous l’impact de la lumière. Concernant le premier axe de recherche, nous avons proposé la synthèse de nouveaux copolymères à blocs (P3HT-b-P(R)SS) susceptibles d’améliorer l’adhésion entre la couche active (P3HT:PCBM) et la couche qui transporte les trous (PEDOT:PSS) dans des dispositifs inverses. Puis, concernant le second axe de recherche, à savoir l’amélioration de la résistance à la lumière de la couche active des cellules, nous avons élucidé les mécanismes de dégradation des polymères et identifié celles de leurs propriétés physico-chimiques impactant leur stabilité. En combinant techniques analytiques et modélisation, il a tout d’abord été possible d’identifier les points faibles d’un polymère modèle, le Si-PCPDTBT. Puis, dans l’objectif d’établir une relation structure-stabilité, l’effet de la variation systématique du squelette conjugué et de la chaîne latérale du polymère a été étudié. Finalement, une analyse multi-échelle a été mise en oeuvre, allant de la stabilité de la couche active jusqu’à celle de la cellule solaire correspondante. Il a alors été montré qu’en choisissant judicieusement les matériaux de la couche active, les couches interfaciales, l’architecture et l’encapsulation des cellules, il était tout à fait possible d’atteindre des durées de vie supérieures à trois ans sans perte significative de performance électrique des dispositifs. / The commercial application of Organic Solar Cells is limited by their short operational lifetimes. In this context, this work has been devoted to the improvement of both the mechanical resistance of these devices and their chemical stability when exposed to light. Concerning the former, the synthesis of P3HT-b-P(R)SS block copolymers as adhesive materials has been proposed to improve adhesion between the active layer (P3HT:PCBM) and the hole transport layer (PEDOT:PSS) in inverted devices. In order to improve the photochemical resistance of the active layer, the second main objective of this project was to identify both polymer degradation pathways and the properties determining polymer stability. Firstly, analytical techniques and modelling have been employed to identify the weak structural points in model low bandgap polymer, Si-PCPDTBT. Then, a series of polymers with systematically modified backbones and/or alkyl side chains has been studied with the aim of establishing a relationship between chemical structure and stability. Finally, multiscale analysis was undertaken on the degradation of solar cells, going from the stability of separate active layers to that of complete devices. It was shown that judicious selection of device layers, architectures, and encapsulation materials, can lead to operational lifetimes over three years with no efficiency losses.

The present work is dealing with the first synthesis and characterisation of amphiphilic diblock copolymers bearing b-dicarbonyl (acetoacetoxy) chelating residues. Polymers were obtained by Group Transfer Polymerisation (GTP)/acetoacetylation and controlled radical polymerisation techniques (RAFT).<br><br>Different micellar morphologies of poly(n-butyl methacrylate)-block-poly[2-(acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate] (pBuMA-b-pAEMA) were observed in cyclohexane as a selective solvent. Depending on the block length ratio, either spherical, elliptical, or cylindrical micelles were formed. The density of the polymer chains at the core/corona interface is considerably higher as compared to any other strongly segregating system reported in the literature. It is demonstrated that there are H-bond interactions existing between acetoacetoxy groups, which increase the incompatibility between block segments. In addition, such interactions lead to the formation of secondary structures (such as b-sheets or globular structures) and larger superstructures in the micrometer length scale.<br><br>Block copolymers were also used to solubilise metal ion salts of different geometries and oxidation states in organic media, in which are otherwise insoluble. Sterically stabilised colloidal hybrid materials are formed, i.e. monodisperse micelles having the metal ion salt incorporated in their core upon complexation with the ligating pAEMA block, whereas pBuMA forms the solvating corona responsible for stabilisation in solution. Systematic studies show that the aggregation behaviour is dependent on different factors, such as the tautomeric form of the beta-dicarbonyl ligand (keto/enol) as well as the nature and amount of added metal ion salt.

Understanding the principles of self-organisation exhibited by block copolymers requires the combination of synthetic and physicochemical knowledge. The ability to synthesise block copolymers with desired architecture facilitates the ability to manipulate their aggregation behaviour, thus providing the key to nanotechnology. Apart from relative block volumes, the size and morphology of the produced nanostructures is controlled by the effective incompatibility between the different blocks. Since polymerisation techniques allowing for the synthesis of well-defined block copolymers are restricted to a limited number of monomers, the ability to tune the incompatibility is very limited. <br><br> Nevertheless, Polymer Analogue Reactions can offer another possibility for the production of functional block copolymers by chemical modifications of well-defined polymer precursors. Therefore, by applying appropriate modification methods both volume fractions and incompatibility, can be adjusted. Moreover, copolymers with introduced functional units allow utilization of the concept of molecular recognition in the world of synthetic polymers.<br><br> The present work describes a modular synthetic approach towards functional block copolymers. Radical addition of functional mercaptanes was employed for the introduction of diverse functional groups to polybutadiene-containing block copolymers. Various modifications of 1,2-polybutadiene-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer precursors are described in detail. Furthermore, extension of the concept to 1,2-polybutadiene-polystyrene block copolymers is demonstrated. Further investigations involved the self-organisation of the modified block copolymers. Formed aggregates in aqueous solutions of block copolymers with introduced carboxylic acid, amine and hydroxyl groups as well as fluorinated chains were characterised. Study of the aggregation behaviour allowed general conclusions to be drawn regarding the influence of the introduced groups on the self-organisation of the modified copolymers. Finally, possibilities for the formation of complexes, based on electrostatic or hydrogen-bonding interactions in mixtures of block copolymers bearing mutually interacting functional groups, were investigated. / Um die Prinzipien der Selbstorganisation von Blockcopolymeren zu verstehen, ist es notwendig das Wissen auf den Gebieten der Synthese und der Physikochemie zu kombinieren. Die Fähigkeit, Blockcopolymere mit gewünschter Architektur zu synthetisieren, gibt einem auch die Möglichkeit das Aggregationsverhalten zu steuern, was wiederum der Schlüssel zur Nanotechnologie ist. Abgesehen von den relativen Blockvolumina, wird die Größe und Morphologie der gebildeten Nanostrukturen durch die effektive Inkompartibilität zwischen den unterschiedlichen Blöcken bestimmt. Da die Polymerisationstechniken, mit denen man gut definierte Blockcopolymere synthetisieren kann, auf bestimmte Monomere beschränkt sind, läßt sich diese Inkompatibilität nur eingeschränkt abstimmen. Polymeranaloge Reaktionen können dagegen eine Möglichkeit bieten, funktionale Blockcopolymere durch die chemische Modifizierung von gut definierten Copolymeren zu erhalten. Somit können, bei Verwendung von geeigneten Modifikationsmethoden, die Volumenanteile sowie die Inkompatibilität der Blöcke angepasst werden. Außerdem können Copolymere, die funktionelle Gruppe enthalten, es ermöglichen das Prinzip der molekularen Erkennung (Schloss-Schlüssel) auf dem Gebiet der synthetischen Polymere anzuwenden.<br><br> Die vorleigende Arbeit beschreibt einen Ansatz zur modularen Synthese von funktionalen Blockcopolymeren. Durch radikalische Addition von funktionellen Mercaptanen wurden in Copolymere mit einem Polybutadien-Block verschiedenen funktionelle Gruppen eingebracht. Von 1,2-Polybutadien-Polyethylenoxid Blockcopolymeren werden dabei mehrere Modifikationen im Detail beschrieben. Zudem wird die Erweiterung des Konzepts auf 1,2-Polybutadien-Polystyrol Blockcopolymere gezeigt. Die weiteren Untersuchungen betrafen die Selbstorganisation der modifizierten Blockcopolymere in Lösung. Hierbei wurden die Aggregate, die in wässriger Lösung von Blockcopolymeren mit Carbonsäure-, Amin- und Hydroxylgruppen sowie fluorierte Ketten gebildet werden, charakterisiert. Die Untersuchung des Aggregationsverhaltens erlaubt es, generelle Aussagen über den Einfluss der eingebrachten Gruppen auf die Selbstorganisation der modifizierten Copolymere zu treffen. Abschließend wurde die Bildung von Komplexen auf der Basis von elektrostatischer Wechselwirkung oder Wasserstoffbrückenbindung in Mischungen aus Copolymeren, die untereinander Wechselwirkende funktionale Gruppe besitzen, untersucht.

Using block copolymers for large-area periodic structure fabrication is of great interest because of the potential for low fabrication costs and simplicity of the processing. The concept is that by selective inclusion of the nanoparticles into one of the blocks of a self-assembling copolymer, the nanoparticles are forced into a defined spatial arrangement determined by the phase morphology of the copolymer. Although copolymers can form well defined structures, they inherently have a 'polycrystalline' structure in the bulk, meaning that there is no long-range order of the domains. This thesis addresses both the effect of inclusion of the nanoparticles and the long range ordering of block copolymer domains. The first part of the thesis focuses on the study of the effect of nanoparticle inclusions on the phase morphology of the poly(styrene-butadiene) diblock and poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) triblock copolymers. For gold inclusions, it was found that even at relatively low concentrations of inclusions (less than 1 wt./vol.%) the block copolymer phase morphology is altered from that of the native copolymer. By contrast to the block copolymer-gold system, no significant changes in bulk morphology is observed for similar fullerene concentrations. In the second part of the thesis, the evolution of the order in cylinder forming poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) triblock copolymer thin films as a function of the type of solvent vapor, exposure time to the saturated vapors and substrate surface energy is discussed. Solvent vapors of dimethoxyethane, ethyl acetate and cyclohexanone were found to be the most effective for our polymer films. Solvent vapors differing in their selectivity towards the block copolymer domains have different kinetics of ordering which is explained in terms of the difference in the interaction of the solvent between the two different copolymer blocks.

Conjugated polymers comprise some of the most promising materials for new technologies such as organic field effect transistors, solar light harvesting technology and sensing devices. In spite of tremendous research initiatives in materials chemistry, the potential to optimize device performance and develop new technologies is remarkable. Understanding relationships between the structure of conjugated polymers and their electronic properties is critical to improving device performance. The design and synthesis of new materials which self-organize into ordered nanostructures creates opportunities to establish relationships between electronic properties and morphology or molecular packing. This thesis details our progress in the development of synthetic routes which provide access to new classes of conjugated polymers that contain dissimilar side chains that segregate or dissimilar conjugated blocks which phase separate, and summarizes our initial attempts to characterize these materials. Poly(1,4-phenylene ethynylene)s (PPEs) have been used in a variety of organic electronic applications, most notably as fluorescent sensors. Using traditional synthetic methods, asymmetrically disubstituted PPEs have irregular placement of side chains on the conjugated backbone. Herein, we establish the first synthetic route to an asymmetrically substituted regioregular PPEs. The initial PPEs in this study have different lengths of alkoxy side chains, and both regioregular and regiorandom analogs are synthesized and characterized for comparison. The design of amphiphilic structures provides additional opportunities for side chains to influence the molecular packing and electronic properties of conjugated polymers. A new class of regioregular, amphiphilic PPEs has been prepared bearing alkoxy and semifluoroalkoxy side chains, which have a tendency to phase separate. Fully conjugated block copolymers can provide access to interesting new morphologies as a result of phase separation of the conjugated blocks. In particular, donor-acceptor block copolymers that phase separate into electron rich and electron poor domains may be advantageous in organic electronic devices such as bulk heterojunction solar cells, of which the performance relies on precise control of the interface between electron donating and accepting materials. The availability of donor-acceptor block copolymers is limited, largely due to the challenges associated with synthesizing these materials. In this thesis, two new synthetic routes to donor-acceptor block copolymers are established. These methods both utilize the catalyst transfer condensation polymerization, which proceeds by a chain growth mechanism. The first example entails the synthesis of a monofunctionalized, telechelic poly(3-alkylthiophene) which can be coupled to electron accepting polymers in a subsequent reaction. The other method describes the first example of a one-pot synthesis of a donor-acceptor diblock copolymer. The methods of synthesis are described, and characterization of the block copolymers is reported.

In der vorliegenden Dissertation wurden mittels kontrolliert radikalischer Polymerisationstechniken alkinhaltige Blockcopolymere synthetisiert. In effizienten Cu(I)-katalyisierten 1,3-dipolaren Cycloadditionen (Click-Chemie) wurde diese modifiziert. Insbesondere durch die Addition dendritischer Verbindungen gelang die Darstellung nanosopischer Objekte. Darüber hinaus konnten dünne Filme phasenseparierten Blockcopolymere selektiv und ortsaufgelöst funktionalisiert werden. Die Arbeit liefert somit Beiträge zur Entwicklung neuartiger Nanomaterialien sowie ihrer Modifizierung.

Τα συμπολυμερή κατά συστάδες (block copolymers) έχουν κεντρίσει το ενδιαφέρον αρκετών ερευνητών όχι μόνο για το γεγονός ότι τα τμήματα από τα οποία αποτελούνται βρίσκονται στην νάνο-κλίμακα, αλλά και λόγω των ποικίλων φυσικών και μηχανικών ιδιοτήτων που εμφανίζουν, εξαιτίας της ικανότητας τους να αυτό-οργανώνονται (self assembly materials) σε διάφορες μορφολογίες. Η όχι και τόσο εύκολη διαδικασία παρασκευής συμπολυμερών κατά συστάδες πραγματοποιείται εμπλέκοντας σε αυτή παράγοντες, ανάλογα με το επιθυμητό αποτέλεσμα, όπως το μοριακό βάρος, τη νανοδομή και τη σύσταση. Στην παρούσα εργασία μελετήθηκαν και συγκρίθηκαν οι δυναμικές και στατικές ιδιότητες πρωτότυπων συμπολυμερών δύο και τριών συστάδων, γραμμικής και ετεροκλαδικής αστεροειδούς αρχιτεκτονικής ΑΒ, ΑΒC, AnBn και An(B-C)n, καθώς και η επίδραση διαφόρων παραγόντων στις παραπάνω ιδιότητες. Τα συμπολυμερή παρασκευάστηκαν μέσω «ζωντανού» ανιονικού πολυμερισμού, όπου οι κλάδοι των αστεροειδών συμπολυμερών ήταν συνδεδεμένοι σε ένα πυρήνα. Η Α φάση ήταν πολυστυρόλιο (PS), η Β φάση ήταν ανάλογα την περίπτωση πολυμεθακρυλικός εξυλεστέρας (ΡΗΜΑ) ή πολυμεθακρυλικός αιθυλεστέρας (ΡΕΜΑ) και η C φάση ήταν πολυμεθακρυλικός μεθυλεστέρας (PMMA). Με την ολοκλήρωση της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας, συμπεραίνουμε ότι ο προσεκτικός έλεγχος της μακρο-μοριακής χημείας και ο συνδυασμός της με την μακρο-μηχανική δοκιμή επιτρέπει τον προσδιορισμό όλων των σημαντικών παραμέτρων που επηρεάζουν τη μηχανική συμπεριφορά. Η κατανόηση της επίδρασης των μοριακών παραμέτρων, όπως η επιλογή των κατάλληλων πολυμερών - φάσεων, το ποσοστό συμμετοχής τους καθώς και η αρχιτεκτονική, γραμμική και αστεροειδής διαμόρφωση, στη μηχανική συμπεριφορά είναι δυνατή. Η αστεροειδής αρχιτεκτονική εμφανίζει καλύτερη μηχανική συμπεριφορά από τη γραμμική. Έπειτα, η παρουσία δύο ψαθυρών φάσεων στο ΑnDn, προσδίδουν υψηλό μέτρο ελαστικότητας και αντοχή καθώς και ικανοποιητική ολκιμότητα. Ακόμα, η προσθήκη του PHMA, ως φάση Β επέφερε αυξημένη ολκιμότητα και ικανοποιητική αντοχή / μέτρο ελαστικότητας, ενώ η εισαγωγή του PMMA, ως φάση C στα αστεροειδή συμπολυμερή δεν επέφερε σημαντικές αλλαγές στις μηχανικές ιδιότητες. Τέλος ο αριθμός των κλάδων είχε θετική επίδραση στη μηχανική συμπεριφορά των αστεροειδών. / Block copolymers have recently received much attention not only for the fact that their components are in nano-scale size but also for the various natural and mechanical properties that they present because of their self-organization ability in various morphologies (self–assembly materials). The production process of block copolymers is realized easily, involving factors as the molecular weight, the nanostructure and the composition. In present work were studied and compared the dynamic and static mechanical properties of new copolymers with two and three blocks having linear and star architecture , AB, ABC, AnBn and An(B-b-C)n, as well as the effect of various factors in the properties above. Block copolymers were prepared via “living” anionic polymerization, where the arms of star block copolymers were connected in one core. The phase A was PS, the B phase was PHMA or PEMA proportionally the case and the C phase was PMMA. Finishing of present work, we conclude that the careful control of macromolecular chemistry and her combination with macro-mechanical test allow the determination of all important parameters that influence the mechanical behavior. The comprehension of effect of molecular parameters such as the choice of suitable polymers – phases, the percent of each component and the architecture, linear and star configuration, in the mechanical properties are possible. Star architecture shows better mechanic behavior than linear. Also, the presence of two glassy phases in AnDn gives high strength/ modulus and reasonable ductility. The addition of PHMA as phase B gave an increase in ductility and reasonable strength modulus. Finally, the addition of PMMA, as phase C in star copolymers did not have an important changes while the number of arm had positive effect in the mechanical properties.

Block copolymer/inorganic nanoparticle hybrids draw great attention of scientists from various areas for their potential applications in diverse fields such as microelectronics, sensors, and solar cells. Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) can be expected to be incorporated into block copolymers with order and selectivity by self-assembly of NPs and/or by synergistic self-assembly between NPs and block copolymers. The morphology and nanostructure order of block copolymers can be also adjusted and directed by incorporation of NPs. In this study, the effect of the size and modification of AuNPs on the morphology and nanostructure orientation of block copolymer PPMA-b-PMMA thin films were systematically investigated. The lateral BCP structure in thin films was improved by adding AuNPs. The controlled location of AuNPs in the BCP thin films depended on the particle size and stabilizing species. The re-orientation of cylindrical domains depended on the modification of AuNPs. PPMA-coated AuNPs, corresponding to the lower surface energy component of BCP, were powerful in directing the cylinders from parallel to perpendicular to the substrate. These results provide a general guide for other BCP/inorganic NP hybrid systems for desired morphology and nanostructure orientation.

Self-assembly of polymeric building blocks is a powerful tool for the design of novel materials and structures that combine different properties and may respond to external stimuli. In the past decades, most studies were focused on the self-assembly of amphiphilic diblock copolymers in solution. The dissolution of these block copolymers in a solvent selective for one block results mostly in the formation of micelles. The micellar structure of diblock copolymers is inherently limited to a homogeneous core surrounded by a corona, which keeps the micelle in solution. Thus, for drug-delivery applications, such structures only offer a single domain (the hydrophobic inner core) for drug entrapment. Whereas multicompartment micelles composed of a water-soluble shell and a segregated hydrophobic core are novel, interesting morphologies for applications in a variety of fields including medicine, pharmacy and biotechnology. The separated incompatible compartments of the hydrophobic core could enable the selective entrapment and release of various hydrophobic drugs while the hydrophilic shell would permit the stabilization of these nanostructures in physiological media. However, so far, the preparation and control of stable multicompartment micellar systems are in the first stages and the number of morphological studies concerning such micelles is rather low. Thus considerably little is known about their exact inner structures. In the present study, we concentrate on four different approaches for the preparation of multicompartment micelles by self-assembly in aqueous media. A similarity of all approaches was that hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon blocks were selected for all employed copolymers since such segments tend to be strongly incompatible, and thus favor the segregation into distinct domains. Our studies have shown that the self-assembly of the utilized copolymers in aqueous solution leads in three cases to the formation of multicompartment micelles. As expected the shape and size of the micelles depend on the molecular architecture and to some extent also on the way of preparation. These novel structured colloids may serve as models as well as mimics for biological structures such as globular proteins, and may open interesting opportunities for nanotechnology applications. / Die Selbstorganisation von synthetischen amphiphilen Blockcopolymeren ist ein vielseitiger Prozeß, der die Entwicklung von neuartigen Materialien, die verschiedene Eigenschaften miteinander verbinden und auch auf äußere Reize reagieren können, ermöglicht. In den letzten Jahrzehnten haben sich viele Untersuchungen mit der Selbstorganisation von Diblockcopolymeren in Lösung beschäftigt. So bilden zum Beispiel amphiphile Diblock-Copolymere in Wasser meist Mizellen die einen hydrophoben Kern und eine hydrophile Hülle besitzen. Ihre potentielle Anwendung als Wirkstoffträger ist jedoch begrenzt, da für die Einlagerung nur ein hydrophober Bereich zur Verfügung steht. Multikompartment-Mizellen, bestehend aus einer wasserlöslichen Hülle und einem unterteilten hydrophoben Kern, sind dagegen neuartige und sehr interessante Strukturen für die Nanotechnologie und im speziellen für die Nanobiotechnologie, da sie sich zum Beispiel als Träger für Arznei- und Wirkstoffe eignen. So könnten in die separaten und untereinander nicht mischbaren Kompartimente im Kern der Mizelle verschiedene hydrophobe Wirkstoffe selektiv eingelagert und auch freigesetzt werden, wobei die hydrophile Hülle die Nanostrukturen im physiologischen Medium stabilisiert. Aus diesem Grund wurden in den letzten Jahren verschiedene Strategien für die Herstellung von Multikompartiment-Mizellen vorgeschlagen. Bis jetzt gibt es jedoch nur eine begrenzte Anzahl an Untersuchungen, die sich mit der Morphologie solcher Mizellen befassen und somit ist auch wenig über ihre innere Struktur bekannt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit konzentrieren wir uns auf vier verschiedene Ansätze zur Herstellung von Multikompartiment-Mizellen durch Selbstorganisation in wässriger Lösung. Eine Gemeinsamkeit bei allen Ansätzen ist, das die untersuchten Copolymere einen hydrophoben Kohlenwasserstoff-Block sowie einen Fluorkohlenstoff-Block besitzen. Die Kombination von Kohlenwasserstoff- und Fluorkohlenstoff-Blöcken wurden gewählt, weil solche Segmente in der Regel nicht miteinander kompatibel sind und somit die Aufteilung in separate Domänen begünstigen. Unsere Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass die Selbstorganisation der verwendeten Copolymere in wässriger Lösung in drei Fällen zu Multikompartiment-Mizellen führt. Die Form und Größe der Mizellen ist erwartungsgemäß von der Molekülarchitektur und zum Teil auch vom Präparationsweg abhängig. Diese neuartigen, nanostrukturierten Kolloide könnten als Modell und Mimetika für biologische Strukturen wie die von globulären Proteinen fungieren. Sie eröffnen weiterhin interessante Möglichkeiten für Anwendungen in der Nanotechnologie.