The current study examined if students' levels of social physique anxiety vary depending on the type of exercise setting they select. The study determined the degree to which social physique anxiety changed over the course of semester-long involvements in different exercise settings.

Bakgrund: Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancerdiagnosen bland kvinnor och den cancerform som orsakar flest dödsfall globalt. För de flesta patienter är kirurgi det första steget i behandlingen. Kirurgi vid bröstcancer kan innebära bröstbevarande kirurgi eller mastektomi vilket betyder att hela bröstet opereras bort. Att drabbas av bröstcancer och genomgå en mastektomi medför såväl fysiska som psykiska besvär vilket kan påverka den sexuella hälsan. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av sexuell hälsa i samband med mastektomi vid bröstcancer. Metod: En litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ metod och induktiv ansats. Resultatet framställs av 12 vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i två teman med två subteman vardera. Det första temat; Att leva med förändrad kropp innehåller följande subteman: Påverkan på femininiteten och Bröstets betydelse för kroppsuppfattning. Det andra temat; Förändrad sexuell hälsa innehåller två subteman: Partners betydelse för sexuell hälsa och Besvär vid intimitet och minskad sexlust. Slutsats: Mastektomi påverkade majoriteten av kvinnorna på något sätt relaterat till den sexuella hälsan. Många kvinnor upplevde en negativ påverkan på kroppsuppfattning, femininitet samt besvär vid intimitet, där partners stöd spelade en viktig roll för återuppbyggnaden av den sexuella hälsan. Det är viktigt för sjuksköterskor att förstå att upplevelsen av den sexuella hälsan är individuell för att kunna erbjuda ett anpassat stöd.

Bakgrund: Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancersjukdomen hos kvinnor. En vanlig behandling vid bröstcancer är mastektomi. För många kvinnor är brösten viktiga gällande kroppsbilden. Det har framkommit att kroppsbilden har en signifikant betydelse gällande en persons hälsorelaterade livskvalitet. Dock har hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal uttryckt en kunskapslucka gällande begreppet kroppsbild, samt hur det ska bemötas och hanteras. Syfte: Att beskriva upplevelsen av förändrad kroppsbild hos kvinnor som genomgått mastektomi till följd av bröstcancer. Metod: Kvalitativ litteraturöversikt. Litteratursökningen genomfördes i fyra databaser, Cinahl, Medline, PsycINFO och Scopus. Analysen gjordes genom Fribergs modell i fem steg. 12 artiklar inkluderades i resultatet, och dessa innefattade kvalitativa artiklar där deltagarna var kvinnor över 18 år som genomgått mastektomi till följd av bröstcancer. Resultat: I resultatet identifierades tre huvudkategorier; Känsla av förlust, Skam över att inte följa normen samt Acceptans och tacksamhet. Vidare identifierades sju underkategorier; Självförtroende, Kvinnlighet, Identitet, Rädsla för omgivningens åsikter, Otacksamhet, Acceptans av den förändrade kroppsbilden samt Tacksamhet. Slutsatser: Mastektomi hade i stor utsträckning en negativ påverkan på kvinnors kroppsbild, vilket påverkade deras livskvalité negativt. Dock ska det belysas att inte alla kvinnor kände en negativ påverkan, utan anpassade sig till situationen och fick en ännu starkare och mer positiv kroppsbild efter mastektomin. / Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the world. The majority diagnosed are women. Common treatment of breast cancer is mastectomy. Breasts are important for the body image. Studies shows that a negative body image can affect a person’s quality of life. Healthcare professionals express a knowledge gap concerning body image, how it’s supposed to be treated and handled. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe women’s experience of changed body image following mastectomies due to breast cancer. Method: Qualitative systematic review. Four databases were used, Cinahl, Medline, PsycINFO and Scopus. Analysis was done with Fribergs model. In the results 12 articles were used of qualitative design with participants being women over 18, who had a mastectomy following breast cancer. Results: Three main categories were detected, Feeling of loss, Shame for not following the norm and Acceptance and gratitude. Five subcategories were identified, Confidence, Femininity, Identity, Fear of others, Ingratitude, Acceptance of a changed body, and Gratitude. Conclusions: Mastectomy had a negative impact on their body image in most cases, which affected their quality of life negatively. Not all women had a negative view following their mastectomy and felt grateful and more positive about their body.

This study examined the efficacy of the My Best Self 101 (MBS101) self-compassion module, an internet-delivered self-compassion training within a non-clinical general population sample. Using a randomized-waitlist control design, this study examined whether module participants experienced significant improvements in self-compassion, well-being, and body image compared to waitlist controls. Participants were 228 adults (mean age 30.3, 23.5% male and 76.5% female). At pretest and posttest, both groups completed self-report measures of self-compassion, subjective well-being, and body image. Repeated measures mixed model analyses revealed that compared to waitlist controls, participants who used the MBS101 self-compassion module reported significant improvements in self-compassion, well-being, and body image with effect sizes ranging from medium to large. These results lend evidence to support the MBS101 self-compassion module as a promising resource to improve well-being and body image. Future research should examine its efficacy in different populations and focus on expanding its content.

The topic of body image has become widely researched in the past thirty years, but preadolescents have been neglected in this area of research. This dissertation explores the body and dieting concerns of pre-adolescent girls in South Africa in order to address this paucity. A qualitative study was conducted, with data collected via a vignette technique and a semi-structured interview which were analysed thematically. A contradiction was noted between what girls expressed to be true in terms of the importance of appearance and how they perceive those that do not adhere to cultural norms of appearance. Weight and appearance were described as unimportant when evaluating a person, but negative attributes were given to the heavier girl in the vignette, opposed to none to the thinner girl. Appearance-control beliefs also emerged as a salient theme, with participants believing that the heavier girl in the vignette could not help that she was overweight. The latter was interpreted as pity, and masked as empathy, as participants suggested ways in which she could lose weight, and it was expressed that she would be a happier person if she did lose weight. Dieting was a well-known concept among participants, with some stating that they had previously engaged in dieting behaviours. / MA / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Psychology / unrestricted

This dissertation is about the influence of body image on classical vocal performance in collegiate women singers. Those trained in classical singing are familiar with the phrase, “your body is your instrument.” A focus on the physical body is apparent in the vocal pedagogical literature, as is attention to singers’ mental and emotional states. But the intersection of emotions and the body—how one thinks and feels about their body, or body image—is largely absent from the vocal pedagogical literature. As voice teachers continue to necessarily address their students’ instruments (bodies), the field has not adequately considered how each singer’s relationship with their instrument (their body) might affect them, as singers and as people. This initial foray sought answers to just two of the myriad unanswered questions surrounding this topic: Does a singer’s body image influence her singing? If so, when and how? It employed a feminist methodological framework that would provide for consciousness-raising as both a method and aim of the study. Four collegiate women singers served as co-researchers, and data collection took place in three parts: a focus group, audio diaries, and interviews. The focus group was specifically geared towards consciousness-raising in order to provide co-researchers with the awareness necessary for examining their body image. Co-researchers then recorded semi-structured audio diaries for one month after practice sessions, voice lessons, and performances. One-on-one interviews concluded data collection and provided a situation of co-analysis wherein the researcher and co-researcher could deeply examine data from the focus group and diaries. The major discovery of this research is a pervasive sense of separation between a woman singer’s “everyday body” and her singer’s body. Self-objectification served as a barrier to a conscious recognition of embodied experience and effectively split the singer in two. The various states of the relationship between these two seemingly separate entities resulted in specific outcomes for singing, including restriction, unawareness, inconsistency, and focus. The discussion concludes with a consideration of how a positive body image may encourage effective and artistic vocal performance and how voice teachers might help foster a positive experience of one’s body.

La adolescencia es la etapa más sensible en lo referente a problemas de imagen corporal, se caracteriza por cambios fisiológicos, emocionales, cognitivos y sociales, que provocan preocupación por la apariencia física. El presente estudio surgió ante la necesidad de conocer la relación entre la autopercepción de la imagen corporal y el estado nutricional en adolescentes del 2do año de secundaria de la institución educativa Jorge Basadre Grohmann del Callao, sabiendo que una percepción inadecuada de la imagen corporal puede traer como consecuencia algún tipo de alteración en la conducta alimentaria, generando malnutrición por déficit o por exceso en el grupo en estudio. Fue un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. La muestra la conformaron 64 adolescentes entre las edades de 12 a 16 años, de la institución educativa Jorge Basadre Grohmann, a los cuales se les aplicó un cuestionario que contenía: datos personales, el Test de Siluetas de Thompson y Gray, y datos antropométricos, que fueron tomados de acuerdo al protocolo dictado por la Norma Técnica de Salud para la Valoración Nutricional Antropométrica en la Etapa De Vida del Adolescente según el Ministerio de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud y el Centro de Alimentación y Nutrición (MINSA – INS – CENAN). Para la presente valoración se tomaron medidas antropométricas como el peso y la talla, obteniendo por medio de estos parámetros el Índice de Masa Corporal para la edad (IMC/edad), este indicador nos permitió conocer acerca del estado nutricional real del adolescente en estudio. La verificación de asociación entre variables fue mediante la prueba Chi2. La hipótesis general planteó que existe relación entre la autopercepción de la imagen corporal y el estado nutricional en adolescentes del 2do año de secundaria de la institución educativa, siendo confirmada según la estadística con un valor p (0.000) ≤ α (0.05), por lo cual se rechaza la Ho y quedamos a favor de la H1. La hipótesis específica Nro.1, planteó que existe relación entre la autopercepción de la imagen corporal y el estado nutricional en adolescentes que se encuentran en normopeso, siendo confirmada de acuerdo con la estadística con un valor p (0.009) ≤ α (0.05). La hipótesis específica Nro.2, planteó que existe relación entre la autopercepción de la imagen corporal y el estado nutricional entre varones y mujeres, en base a la estadística la Ho no fue rechazada presentando un valor p (0.089) > α (0.05). Sin embargo, a un nivel de significación de 0.10 si hubiéramos podido confirmar la existencia de dicha relación. / Adolescence is the most sensitive stage when it comes to body image problems, it is characterized by physiological, emotional, cognitive and social changes, which cause concern for physical appearance. The present study arose from the need to know the relationship between self-perception of body image and nutritional status in adolescents in the 2nd year of high school from the educational institution Jorge Basadre Grohmann del Callao, knowing that an inappropriate perception of body image can bring as a consequence some type of alteration in eating behavior, generating malnutrition due to deficit or excess in the group under study. It was a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study. The sample was made up of 64 adolescents between the ages of 12 to 16, from the Jorge Basadre Grohmann educational institution, to whom a questionnaire was applied that contained: personal data, the Thompson and Gray Silhouettes Test, and anthropometric data, that were taken according to the protocol dictated by the Technical Health Standard for Anthropometric Nutritional Assessment in the Adolescent Life Stage according to the Ministry of Health, National Institute of Health and the Food and Nutrition Center (MINSA - INS - CENAN) . For the present assessment, anthropometric measurements such as weight and height were taken, obtaining by means of these parameters the Body Mass Index for age (BMI / age), this indicator allowed us to know about the real nutritional status of the adolescent under study. The association between variables was verified using the Chi2 test. The general hypothesis proposed that there is a relationship between self-perception of body image and nutritional status in adolescents in the 2nd year of secondary school at the educational institution, being confirmed according to statistics with a p-value (0.000) ≤ α (0.05), therefore which the Ho is rejected and we are in favor of the H1. The specific hypothesis No. 1, stated that there is a relationship between the self-perception of body image and the nutritional status in adolescents who are in normal weight, being confirmed according to the statistic with a p-value (0.009) ≤ α (0.05). The specific hypothesis No. 2, stated that there is a relationship between self-perception of body image and nutritional status between men and women, based on the statistics, Ho was not rejected, presenting a p-value (0.089)> α (0.05). However, at a significance level of 0.10 if we could have confirmed the existence of such a relationship. / Tesis

The thesis focuses on female university students and their body image in relation with their parents' body image. The satisfaction of the students with their own bodies depends on many elements such as the influence of the media and the judgements of their peers, family and authorities. A substantial part of our thesis is an unprecedented analysis of the possibility of a trans-generation transfer of the extent of satisfaction with one's own body from parents to their daughters. We have used the quantitative research strategy to assess the results gathered from questionnaires focusing on the students' as well as the parents of both male and female children's perception of their own bodily features. Physical parameters such as height and weight were also checked. The study also focused on whether the trans- generation transfer is affected by the way the parents treat their children during childhood and adolescence. Our results have shown that there is a positive relation between the student's and the mother's body image. This positive relation can be perceived as a consequence of the trans-generation transfer which is probably a mechanism of observational learning. The results further show that the student's body image and their mothers' loving care during childhood and adolescence are also in a...

for diploma thesis: Possible Relationship between Other-Rated and Self-Rated Vocal Quality in Body-Image concept Petra Stolařová The aim of this study was to investigate whether it is possible to consider voice as a part of Body-Image concept. We examined the perception of one's own voice and its affect on individual's personality and behavior. In addition, we decided to examine this fact in two culturally different samples - Czech and Brazilian. We collected comparable vocal recordings in both cultures - two recordings of singing and two recordings of speech, we also collected questionnaire data regarding perception of one's own voice and singing, scores of seciosexuality and additionaly in the Czech sample we collected self-reported self-esteem. Subsequently, we collected attractiveness ratings of these vocal recordings by independent raters within the two chosen cultures. Using statistical methods, we found that the rated and self-rated voice quality (both speech and singing) partially correlated, but these correlations differed in relation to gender, and population. The Czech sample revealed that neither self-rated nor other-rated quality of voice had affect on self-esteem. Also, it appears that self-rated quality of singing has an impact on sociosexuality in Czech women and Brazilian men,...

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