Fracture to the neck of femur is frequently stabilised with a hip screw system, however the host bone is often weak or osteoporotic. This causes premature failure of the system, commonly by cut-out of the lag screw through the head of the femur. While augmentation of the fixation with bone cement improves the holding power and decreases failure rate, current methods of administering the cement are messy and inaccurate. This project proposes a lag screw design which allows for direct injection of the cement, via the lag screw itself, after the screw has been inserted and correctly positioned in the femur. A method is also suggested to reduce the risk of cement leakage into the joint space when the guide wire has punctured the head of the femur. The design uses a system of holes in the threaded section of a cannulated screw to allow delivery of cement to the desired area; the modified screw was also tested with and without the tip of the screw closed. These design and implantation techniques were compared to the standard design lag screw both with and without bone cement augmentation by traditional methods. Initial testing in a synthetic bone analogue looked promising. The modified screw with closed end performed better in push out tests than the standard screw alone and comparably with the standard screw with cement augmentation. A second phase of testing with the synthetic material was then conducted to more closely represent physiological loading conditions. In this case again the closed ended modified screw with cement augmentation outperformed the original screw and was comparable with the augmented original screw. However, during this phase of testing problems were observed with the synthetic testing material and it was decided to conduct further testing in paired porcine cadaveric femurs. Several further problems occurred in this phase of testing, including the bending of the test screws. It was concluded that the modified screw showed potential in being a more accurate and consistent method of cement augmentation, however neither the synthetic bone analogue or the porcine material was an adequate model of an osteoporotic human femur. If a suitable testing material could be found, continued study of this prototype may prove beneficial.

Submitted by LARISSA MENDES DE LÁZARI null (la_mendes@hotmail.com) on 2016-04-15T18:28:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseDoutorado_LarissaMendes_2016_Biotecnologia.pdf: 8907863 bytes, checksum: 3f7981847cc9e559ac7b11f4d8bfd245 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-18T19:50:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lazari_lm_dr_araiq_par.pdf: 1543856 bytes, checksum: 1cc6d6cd934ed8b9a35d1931133a26cd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T19:50:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lazari_lm_dr_araiq_par.pdf: 1543856 bytes, checksum: 1cc6d6cd934ed8b9a35d1931133a26cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O desenvolvimento de biomateriais que promovam a reparação de tecidos lesionados tem sido objeto de intensa investigação. Em relação à reparação do tecido ósseo, as cerâmicas são materiais muito pesquisados em função de sua ampla possibilidade de uso, inclusive na confecção de pastas cimentícias moldáveis. A sílica mesoporosa apresenta elevada área de superfície específica (~1000 m2.g-1) e tamanho de poros usualmente em torno de 2-30 nm, atraindo atenção para aplicações como importantes carreadores de fármacos e proteínas. O peptídeo de crescimento osteogênico (OGP) é um tetradecapeptídeo endógeno, cuja forma ativa atua como agente anabólico e estimulador hematopoiético, promovendo a diferenciação osteoblástica. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um cimento ósseo injetável, reabsorvível e bioativo, com sílica mesoporosa e peptídeo de crescimento osteogênico. O peptídeo foi sintetizado pelo método em fase sólida, purificado por Cromatografia Líquida (HPLC) e caracterizado por Espectrometria de Massas. O material mesoporoso foi sintetizado pela metodologia sol-gel e sua porosidade confirmada por Adsorção-dessorção de N2, Espalhamento de Raios X à Baixo Ângulo e Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão. Os cimentos foram preparados a partir de sulfato de cálcio (CaS), fosfato de cálcio (CaP) e aluminato de cálcio (CaAl), sem e com sílica mesoporosa, e analisados quanto suas características físico-químicas. Os experimentos in vitro foram realizados para avaliar o potencial citotóxico e genotóxico dos cimentos em cultura de células de ovário (CHO-K1) e análise da viabilidade celular e formação da matriz mineralizada em células pré-osteosblásticas (MC3T3-E1). O estudo in vivo foi realizado em defeitos ósseos críticos em calvária de ratos e analisado quanto à formação de tecido ósseo, por histomorfometria, e densidade do tecido neoformado, por imagens de raios X. As análises dos cimentos demostraram que a presença de partículas de sílica mesoporosa promoveu diferentes comportamentos físico-químicos quando comparados aos cimentos sem sílica, como maior razão líquido/pó e, consequentemente, maior porosidade e menor resistência mecânica à compressão. Os cimentos CaP e CaAl, sem e com sílica, mostraram bioatividade in vitro quando imersos em solução que simula o fluido corpóreo (Simulated Body Fluid - SBF). No estudo de liberação do peptídeo OGP, incorporado nas partículas de sílica mesoporosa pré-misturada aos cimentos, o cimento CaS apresentou maior velocidade de liberação em relação aos cimentos estudados, com 80% do conteúdo peptídico liberado em 24 horas. Em relação à viabilidade celular, os cimentos CaS, com e sem sílica, não foram citotóxicos, mas os cimentos CaP e CaAl, apresentaram citotoxicidade; todavia esse comportamento não comprometeu a proliferação celular e nos ensaios de avaliação da mutagenicidade, os cimentos não promoveram dano celular significante. Os testes envolvendo células MC3T3-E1 mostraram que a viabilidade celular e a capacidade de formação da matriz mineralizada foram independentes da presença do peptídeo OGP, sendo mais sensível à presença de sílica e ao tempo de tratamento com os meios condicionados. Os resultados do teste in vivo, com os cimentos CaP, com e sem sílica mesoporosa e peptídeo OGP, demostraram que esses se degradaram e promoveram maior formação óssea durante os primeiros 15 dias pós-cirúrgico, com aproximadamente 30% do defeito preenchido por tecido neoformado, assim como maior densidade nas margens dos defeitos quando comparados com o controle. No entanto, a presença do peptídeo OGP foi significante somente nos primeiros 30 dias pós-cirúrgico de análise e não houve diferença estatística com o cimento com sílica e sem peptídeo. Além do mais, não houve diferença entre os grupos experimentais e o controle nos períodos mais tardios de análise. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que, dentre os cimentos estudados, aqueles com partículas de sílica mesoporosa e peptídeo OGP são os mais promissores para o reparo do tecido ósseo, principalmente nos períodos iniciais de cicatrização, devido ao seu potencial osteogênico. / The development of biomaterials that promote repair of injured tissues has been the subject of intense research. Regarding the bone tissue repair, ceramics are one of the most researched biomaterials groups due to its wide possibility of use, including cement pastes with good moldability. The mesoporous silica has high specific surface area (~1000 m2.g-1) and pore size usually around 2-30 nm attracting attention for its applications as drugs and proteins carriers. The osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) is an endogenous tetradecapeptide, whose active form acts as an anabolic agent and hematopoietic stimulator, promoting osteoblast differentiation. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop an injectable bone cement, resorbable and bioactive, mesoporous silica and osteogenic growth peptide. The peptide was synthesized by the solid phase method, purified by High Performande Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and characterized by Mass Spectrometry. The mesoporous materials were synthesized by sol-gel method and its porosity confirmed by Adsorption-desorption of N2, Small-angle X-ray Scattering and Transmission Electronic Microscopy. Cements were prepared from calcium sulfate (CaS), calcium phosphate (CaP) and calcium aluminate (CaAl), without and with mesoporous silica, and analyzed for its physicochemical characteristics. In vitro experiments were carried out to evaluate the cements cytotoxic and genotoxic potential in CHO-K1 hamster ovary cell line and analysis of the mineralized matrix formation in MC3T3-E1 osteosblastics cell line. The in vivo study was performed in critical defects in rat calvaria, and it has analized as formation of bone tissue by histomorphometry and density of newly formed tissue by X-ray images. The cements analysis have shown that the presence of mesoporous silica particles promoted different physico-chemical behavior when compared to those without silica, such as higher ratio Liquid/Powder, higher porosity and, hence, decreases the mechanical resistance. CaP and CaAl cements showed bioactivity in vitro when immersed in Simulated Body Fluid solution. Concerning OGP liberation, the CaS cement showed the fastest release in the OGP-mesoporous silica-loaded cement release studies, releasing 80% peptide loaded in 24 hours. Regarding cell viability, CaS cements with and without silica, were not cytotoxic, but the CaP and CaAl cement showed cytotoxicity; however this behavior did not affect cell proliferation. And in mutagenicity tests, the cements did not promote significant cell damage. The tests involving MC3T3-E1 cells showed that cell viability and mineralized matrix formation capacity is independent of the OGP peptide presence and it is more sensitive to the presence of silica and the treatment time with the conditioned culture media. The test in vivo, with CaP cements, with and without mesoporous silica and OGP, demonstrated that these cements have degraded and promoted increased bone formation during the first 15 postoperative days, with approximately 30% of the defect filled by newly formed tissue as well as higher density on the defects borders when compared to the control. However, the presence of OGP peptide was significant only during the first 30 days postoperative, but there was no statistical difference with silica cement and without this peptide. Furthermore, there was no difference between experimental groups and the control in the later study periods. According to the results, it is concluded that, among the cements studied, those with mesoporous silica particles and OGP peptide are the most promising for bone tissue repair, especially in the initial stages of healing due to its osteogenic potential. / FAPESP: 2012/21735-6 / CAPES: 0224-13-8

A infecção bacteriana é a principal complicação que um procedimento de artroplastia de quadril ou joelho pode apresentar. Mesmo após a incorporação de antibiótico (gentamicina) ao cimento ósseo, as taxas de infecções após este procedimento cirúrgico continuam gerando sérios prejuízos para o hospital e para o paciente. As principais bactérias envolvidas nas infecções relacionadas aos implantes ortopédicos são Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus e Staphylococcus epidermidis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aderência e formação de biofilme de S. aureus, S. epidermidis e P. aeruginosa sobre o cimento ósseo polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA) com e sem antibiótico (gentamicina), de procedência nacional e internacional, por meio de microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV) e por cultura. Também, estimar quantitativamente as células viáveis recuperadas dos biofilmes formados. Foram produzidos discos de polimetilmetacrilato de 10,0 mm de diâmetro e 3,0 mm de espessura. Foram utilizadas cepas Pseudomonas aeruginosa - ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus epidermidis - ATCC 12228 e Staphylococcus aureus - ATCC 25932. Para este estudo foram utilizados corpos-de-prova de cimento ósseo de procedência nacional (BAUMER, CMM e BIOMECANICA) e internacional (BIOMET com gentamicina, BIOMET sem gentamicina e SIMPLEX). Biofilmes foram produzidos in vitro a partir da inoculação da suspensão bacteriana (\'10 POT.8\' unidades formadoras de colônia/mL) em Tryptic Soy Broth e incubados nos períodos de tempo de 1, 6, 24, 48, e 72 horas. Após os períodos de incubação os corpos-de-prova foram removidos do meio de cultura, lavados, sonicados e do sobrenadante realizadas diluições seriadas (\'10 POT.-1\' a \'10 POT.-5\'). A seguir, os corpos-de-prova foram preparados para observação por MEV. Os resultados de MEV mostraram bacilos e cocos aderidos e agrupados formando biofilme. Para P. aeruginosa: as contagens das células viáveis em média (UFC/mL) foram de 2,8 \'+ OU -\' 1,7 x \'10 POT.6\' (BAUMER), 1,7 \'+ OU -\' 0,9 x \'10 POT.6\' (BIOMECANICA), 1,7 \'+ OU -\' 0,7 x \'10 POT.6\' (CMM), 1,6 \'+ OU -\' 0,7 x \'10 POT.6\' (BIOMET sem gentamicina), 6,0 \'+ OU -\' 5,5 x \'10 POT.4\' (BIOMET com gentamicina) e 1,9 \'+ OU -\' 0,9 x \'10 POT.6\' (SIMPLEX); para S. epidermidis: 1,3 \'+ OU -\' 0,1 x \'10 POT.6\' (BAUMER), 1,5 \'+ OU -\' 0,2 x \'10 POT.6\' (BIOMECANICA), 2,3 \'+ OU -\' 1,7 x \'10 POT.6\' (CMM), 1,5 \'+ OU -\' 0,7 x \'10 POT.6\' (BIOMET sem gentamicina), 1,5 \'+ OU -\' 0,2 x \'10 POT.6\' (BIOMET com gentamicina) e 1,2 \'+ OU -\' 0,1 x \'10 POT.6\' (SIMPLEX); para S. aureus: 1,7 \'+ OU -\' 0,8 x \'10 POT.6\' (BAUMER), 1,6 \'+ OU -\' 0,7 x \'10 POT.6\' (BIOMECANICA), 1,4 \'+ OU -\' 0,6 x \'10 POT.6\' (CMM), 1,1 \'+ OU -\' 0,5 x \'10 POT.6\' (BIOMET sem gentamicina), 3,0 \'+ OU -\' 6,0 x \'10 POT.5\' (BIOMET com gentamicina) e 1,3 \'+ OU -\' 0,6 x \'10 POT.6\' (SIMPLEX), respectivamente. Os dados obtidos mostraram que o cimento ósseo de polimetilmetacrilato com e sem gentamicina não evitaram a aderência da Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis e Staphylococcus aureus e formação de biofilme, como demonstrado pela MEV. Em conclusão, isto é um fator de risco para infecções. / The bacterial infection is the main complication of a procedure for hip or knee arthroplasty can present. Even after the addition of antibiotic (gentamicin) in the bone cement, the rates of infection after the surgical procedure continue causing serious damage to the hospital and the patient. The main bacteria involved in infections related to orthopedic implants are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the adhesion and biolfilm formation of the S. aureus, S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa on the bone cement polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) with and without antibiotic (gentamicin) from national and international origin, by means scanning electron microscope (SEM) and by culture. Also, quantitatively estimate the viable cells recovered from biofilms formed. Discs of cement were produced from 10.0 mm in diameter and 3.0 mm thick. Strains used were Pseudomonas aeruginosa - ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus epidermidis - ATCC 12228 e Staphylococcus aureus - ATCC 25932. For this study we used coupons cement of national origin (Baumer, CMM and biomechanics) and international (BIOMET with gentamicin, BIOMET without gentamicin and SIMPLEX). Biofilms were produced in vitro from the inoculation of bacterial suspension (108 Colony-Forming Units/mL) in Tryptic Soy Broth and incubated for the time periods of 1, 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours. After the incubation periods of the coupons they were removed from the medium culture, washed, sonicated and serial dilutions of supernatant taken (\'10 POT.-1\' a \'10 POT.-5\'). Next, the coupons were prepared for observation by SEM. The results of SEM showed adherent cocci bacilli, and adhered to each other form a biofilm. For P. aeruginosa: the couting of viable cells on average (CFU/mL) were 2,8 \'+ OU -\' 1,7 x \'10 POT.6\' (BAUMER), 1,7 \'+ OU -\' 0,9 x \'10 POT.6\' (BIOMECANICA), 1,7 \'+ OU -\' 0,7 x \'10 POT.6\' (CMM), 1,6 \'+ OU -\' 0,7 x \'10 POT.6\' (BIOMET sem gentamicina), 6,0 \'+ OU -\' 5,5 x \'10 POT.4\' (BIOMET com gentamicina) e 1,9 \'+ OU -\' 0,9 x \'10 POT.6\' (SIMPLEX); para S. epidermidis: 1,3 \'+ OU -\' 0,1 x \'10 POT.6\' (BAUMER), 1,5 \'+ OU -\' 0,2 x \'10 POT.6\' (BIOMECANICA), 2,3 \'+ OU -\' 1,7 x \'10 POT.6\' (CMM), 1,5 \'+ OU -\' 0,7 x \'10 POT.6\' (BIOMET sem gentamicina), 1,5 \'+ OU -\' 0,2 x \'10 POT.6\' (BIOMET com gentamicina) e 1,2 \'+ OU -\' 0,1 x \'10 POT.6\' (SIMPLEX); para S. aureus: 1,7 \'+ OU -\' 0,8 x \'10 POT.6\' (BAUMER), 1,6 \'+ OU -\' 0,7 x \'10 POT.6\' (BIOMECANICA), 1,4 \'+ OU -\' 0,6 x \'10 POT.6\' (CMM), 1,1 \'+ OU -\' 0,5 x \'10 POT.6\' (BIOMET sem gentamicina), 3,0 \'+ OU -\' 6,0 x \'10 POT.5\' (BIOMET com gentamicina) e 1,3 \'+ OU -\' 0,6 x \'10 POT.6\' (SIMPLEX), respectively. The data showed that of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement with and without gentamicin did not prevent the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus and formation of biofilms, as demonstrated by SEM. In conclusion, this is risk factor for infections.

Předložená diplomová práce se zabývá přípravou a charakterizací vzorků z kompozitního kostního cementu na bázi fosforečnanu vápenatého (CPC). V teoretické části jsou popsány vlastnosti a struktura fosforečnanů vápenatých, včetně jejich interakce s tělním prostředím. Experimentální část nejdříve popisuje stanovení optimální techniky přípravy vzorků pomocí experimentů prováděných v ultračisté vodě. Optimální technika pro vytvrzování zahrnuje použití formy z paměťové pěny, ukončení vytvrzovacích reakcí pomocí absolutního chladného etanolu a sušení vzorků ve vakuové sušárně. Následně je v práci popsána příprava vzorků a proces vytvrzování CPC jak v přirozeném (prasečí krev), tak v prostředí simulovaných tělních tekutin (fyziologický roztok, Hankův a Ringerův roztok). Byla provedena morfologická studie pomocí skenovací elektronové mikroskopie (SEM) pro vzorky vytvrzené 1 den, 1 týden, 2 týdny a 1 měsíc kvůli očekávané významné změně v jejich krystalické struktuře, která byla taktéž zkoumána pomocí rentgenové difrakce (XRD), stanovující přeměnu -fosforečnanu vápenatého na kalcium deficitní hydroxyapatit (CDHA). Porozita vzorků byla zkoumána rentgenovou mikrotomografií (-CT) a vzorky vytvrzené v krvi vykazovaly mírně vyšší porozitu. Mechanické vlastnosti CPC vzorků byly zkoumány pomocí mechanických kompresních testů. Výsledky testů ukázaly stabilní pevnost cementových vzorků vytvrzených ve fyziologickém roztoku už po jednom dni vytvrzování, zatímco vzorky vytvrzené v krvi vykazovaly nárůst pevností dokonce i po jednom měsíci vytvrzování. Naopak pevnost vzorků vytvrzených jak v Hankově, tak v Ringerově roztoku rychle klesla po 2 týdnech vytvrzování pravděpodobně důsledkem mírně kyselého pH vytvrzovacích roztoků, které urychluje rozpad CPC vzorků. Výsledky práce ukazují významný vliv vytvrzovacích prostředí na vlastnosti CPC kostních cementů. Vzorky vytvrzené v krvi oproti vzorkům vytvrzených v umělé tělní plazmě vykázaly lepší vlastnosti, protože krev imituje in vivo podmínky.

Für die Behandlung von Knochendefekten überkritischer Größe stehen seit einigen Jahren zahlreiche resorbierbare Materialien zur Verfügung, die eine Defektheilung bis hin zur vollständigen knöchernen Regeneration erlauben. Im Fall systemischer Knochenerkrankungen, insbesondere im osteoporotischen Knochen, ist jedoch die Selbstheilungskapazität des Gewebes stark eingeschränkt, was neben der Defektbehandlung eine knochenanabole sowie resorptionshemmende Therapie erfordert. Diese kann beispielsweise durch die Gabe von Strontium-haltigen Präparaten erreicht werden, da der duale Wirkmechanismus der Strontium-Ionen zu vermehrter Knochenneubildung bei gleichzeitig verminderter Knochenresorption führt. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Entwicklung eines Strontium-haltigen Knochenzements, welcher eine Freisetzung von Strontium-Ionen spezifisch im jeweiligen Knochendefekt und somit eine lokale Stimulation der Knochenneubildung ermöglicht. Basierend auf einem etablierten Calciumphosphat-Knochenzement wurden Strontium-haltige Zementvarianten hergestellt und ausgiebig charakterisiert. Im Gegensatz zu den meisten bislang verfolgten Methoden konnten Zemente mit deutlich verbesserten mechanischen Eigenschaften hergestellt werden, welche weiterhin Strontium-Ionen in physiologisch relevanten Konzentrationen freisetzen. Durch Zellkulturuntersuchungen an humanen Zellen sowohl der osteoblastären- als auch osteoklastären Linie konnte eine Stimulation der für den Knochenaufbau verantwortlichen Zellen sowie eine Hemmung der den Knochen resorbierenden Zellen durch die entwickelten Zemente nachgewiesen werden.

No description available.

Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are used as bone void fillers and as complements to hardware in fracture fixation. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the possibilities and limitations of the CPCs’ mechanical properties, and find out if these ceramic bone cements can carry application-specific loads, alone or as part of a construct. Recently developed experimental brushite and apatite cements were found to have a significantly higher strength in compression, tension and flexion compared to the commercially available CPCs chronOS™ Inject and Norian® SRS®. By using a high-resolution measurement technique the elastic moduli of the CPCs were determined and found to be at least twice as high compared to earlier measurements, and closer to cortical bone than trabecular bone. Using the same method, Poisson's ratio for pure CPCs was determined for the first time. A non-destructive porosity measurement method for wet brushite cements was developed, and subsequently used to study the porosity increase during in vitro degradation. The compressive strength of the experimental brushite cement was still higher than that of trabecular bone after 25 weeks of degradation, showing that the cement can carry high loads over a time span sufficiently long for a fracture to heal. This thesis also presents the first ever fatigue results for acidic CPCs, and confirms the importance of testing the materials under cyclic loading as the cements may fail at stress levels much lower than the material’s quasi-static compressive strength. A decrease in fatigue life was found for brushite cements containing higher amounts of monetite. Increasing porosity and testing in a physiological buffer solution (PBS), rather than air, also decreased the fatigue life. However, the experimental brushite cement had a high probability of surviving loads found in the spine when tested in PBS, which has previously never been accomplished for acidic CPCs. In conclusion, available brushite cements may be able to carry the load alone in scenarios where the cortical shell is intact, the loading is mainly compressive, and the expected maximum stress is below 10 MPa. Under such circumstances this CPC may be the preferred choice over less biocompatible and non-degradable materials.

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der kontinuumsmechanischen Formulierung des Aushärteverhaltens polymerer Werkstoffe sowie der Implementierung und Simulation von Aushärtestoffgesetzen im Rahmen der Finite-Elemente-Methode. Auf Basis eines allgemeinen Modellierungsrahmens wird ein konkretisiertes Stoffgesetz für die Nachbildung von Aushärteprozessen eines acrylischen Knochenzements entwickelt. Darüber hinaus werden verschiedene Finite-Elemente-Simulationen zum klinischen Verfahren der Vertebroplastie präsentiert. / This work deals with the continuum mechanical formulation of curing phenomena in polymers as well as the implementation and simulation of curing models within the finite element method. Based on a general modelling framework, a specified material model for the simulation of curing processes in an acrylic bone cement is developed. Moreover, different finite element simulations regarding the clinical procedure of vertebroplasty are presented.

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der kontinuumsmechanischen Formulierung des Aushärteverhaltens polymerer Werkstoffe sowie der Implementierung und Simulation von Aushärtestoffgesetzen im Rahmen der Finite-Elemente-Methode. Auf Basis eines allgemeinen Modellierungsrahmens wird ein konkretisiertes Stoffgesetz für die Nachbildung von Aushärteprozessen eines acrylischen Knochenzements entwickelt. Darüber hinaus werden verschiedene Finite-Elemente-Simulationen zum klinischen Verfahren der Vertebroplastie präsentiert. / This work deals with the continuum mechanical formulation of curing phenomena in polymers as well as the implementation and simulation of curing models within the finite element method. Based on a general modelling framework, a specified material model for the simulation of curing processes in an acrylic bone cement is developed. Moreover, different finite element simulations regarding the clinical procedure of vertebroplasty are presented.