A utilização de plantas com ação inseticida tem sido considerada uma alternativa promissora no manejo integrado de pragas, apresentando diversas vantagens em relação aos atuais métodos de controle. Nos últimos anos no Brasil, uma série de estudos tem demonstrado que os produtos derivados de plantas apresentam bioatividade contra insetos. Assim, a identificação e a descrição dos compostos químicos responsáveis por essa bioatividade é fundamental, uma vez que tais compostos podem servir como modelos para a síntese de novos inseticidas sintéticos com estrutura química análoga à dos naturais, principalmente aqueles que apresentem mecanismos de ação diferentes dos produtos já registrados. Portanto, no presente estudo, foi realizada uma triagem com 17 extratos etanólicos provenientes de 9 espécies de Solanaceae para avaliar a bioatividade deles sobre o gorgulho-do-milho, Sitophilus zeamais Mots. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). O extrato etanólico de folhas de Brugmansia suaveolens (Willd.) Bercht. & J. Presl foi o melhor entre todos, sendo as concentrações letais necessárias para matar 50 e 90% da população (CL50 e CL90) iguais a 2.231 mg kg-1 e 5.859 mg kg-1, respectivamente, e o tempo letal médio (TL50), usando a CL90, foi 99,78 h. Dessa forma, ele foi selecionado para uma série de fracionamentos químicos biomonitorados com ensaios toxicológicos para identificar compostos bioativos. Algumas das frações químicas obtidas a partir de B. suaveolens mataram mais de 50% dos adultos de S. zeamais, além de reduzirem a progênie F1 e, consequentemente, os danos nos grãos de milho. Essa bioatividade se deve, possivelmente, à presença de ácidos graxos e alcaloides. Por cromatografia líquida de alta pressão acoplada à espectrometria de massas de ultra resolução (UPLC-MS) da fração BSHex6F4, foram identificados compostos pertencentes ao grupo dos alcaloides. Por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (GC-MS) das frações BSHex1-F3, BSHex1-F4 e BSHex1-F6 foram identificados derivados de ácidos graxos. Os resultados adquiridos no presente estudo demonstram o potencial de prospectar compostos inseticidas de espécies da família Solanaceae para proteger grãos de milho armazenado contra os danos causados por S. zeamais. / The use of plants with insecticidal action has been considered a promising alternative in the integrated pest managment, showing several advantages over current control methods. In recent years in Brasil, a number of studies have shown that plant-derived products have bioactivity against insects. Thus, the identification and description of the chemical compounds responsible for this bioactivity is fundamental, since such compounds can be used as models for development of new synthetic insecticides with chemical structure analogous to the natural ones, mostly those that present different mode of action of those currently registred. Therefore, in the present study, a screening was performed with 17 ethanolic extracts from 9 Solanaceae species to evaluate their bioactivity on the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais Mots. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on stored grain corn. The ethanolic extract from the leaves of Brugmansia suaveolens (Willd.) Bercht. & J. Presl was the most efficient among all, presenting the lethal concentrations to kill 50 and 90% of the population (LC50 and LC90) equal to 2,231 mg kg-1 and 5,859 mg kg-1, respectively, and the mean lethal time (LT50), using the LC90, of 99.78 h. Therefore, this extract was selected to continue the biomonitoring chemical fractions with toxicological bioassays to identify bioactive compounds. Some of the chemical fractions obtained from B. suaveolens extract killed more than 50% of the adults of S. zeamais, besides reducing the progeny F1 and, consequently, the damages in the corn grains. This bioactivity is possibly due to the presence of fatty acids and alkaloids. An ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analysis was performed with the BSHex6-F4 fraction and alkaloids derivatives compounds were identified. A gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed with the BSHex1-F3, BSHex1-F4 and BSHex1-F6 fractions and fatty acids derivatives were identified. The results obtained in the present study demonstrate the potential to prospect insecticidal compounds of Solanaceae family species to protect corn stored grains against damage caused by S. zeamais.

No Brasil, Eriocaulaceae compreende 631 espécies, sendo Paepalanthus o maior gênero entre as monocotiledôneas da flora brasileira.A Serra do Cipó é o local que concentra a maior riqueza em inventários da família. Os estudos com Eriocaulaceae nessa região, iniciados desde o final do século 19, consideraram a delimitação da Serra do Cipó com diferentes contornos. Neste trabalho, propomos uma delimitação da Serra do Cipó, compreendendo 10 municípios, em cotas de altitude acima de 900 m, com predomínio de Campos Rupestres, delimitada a norte pelo rio Paraúna e a sul pela interrupção entre o Espinhaço Meridional e o Quadrilátero Ferrífero. Nessa proposta, a Serra do Cipó (2.735,4 km²) é dividida em cinco unidades: Cipó-Núcleo (572,40 km²), Cipó Sul (760,94 km²), Conceição do Mato Dentro (180,16 km²), Congonhas do Norte (935,37 km²) e Santana do Pirapama(276,57 km²).A partir de revisões na bibliografia e em herbários, o número total de espécies de Eriocaulaceae da Serra do Cipó foi atualizado de 136 para 160, com 55 espécies endêmicas, consideradas ameaçadas de extinção pelos critérios B1ab(iii) da IUCN. Paepalanthus conta com 85 espécies, sendo 41 endêmicas. Foi contabilizado o número de táxons de Eriocaulaceae para cada unidade terriorial: Cipó Central (145), Itambé do Mato Dentro (21), Santana do Pirapama (89) e Congonhas do Norte (46). 33 espécies são endêmicas de apenas uma dessas Unidades. Para o Parque Estadual da Serra do Intendente, localizado em Conceição do Mato Dentro, foram levantadas as espécies de Eriocaulaceae, com a elaboração de checklist, mapas para análise de padrão de distribuição, avaliação do status de ameaça, enquadramento em tipos de raridade. Além disso, foi testado o índice de similaridade Jaccard para as unidades da Região da Serra do Cipó, bem como UPGMA. No Parque, são encontrados 64 táxons, com destaque para Paepalanthus (45% das espécies). Há duas espécies novas de Actinocephalus. Constatamos que 31 táxons tiveram seus tipos nomenclaturais coletados na região do Parque e entorno. As espécies assumem cinco padrões de distribuição básicos: restritas à região, com ocorrência ampliada no Espinhaço, disjuntas para outras serras (Mantiqueira ou serras do Brasil Central) ou amplas em extensões continentais. O Parque teve maior similaridade com Santana do Pirapama (0,3960), seguido de Cipó Central (0,3497). 22 espécies são indicadas como Em Perigo, duas como Criticamente em Perigo e 23 espécies como Deficiente de Dados. Dentre os tipos de raridades, 15,5% são espécies raras constantemente esparsas, distribuição restrita e habitat específico, consideradas extremamente ameaçadas de extinção / Eriocaulaceae comprises 631 species in Brazil, with Paepalanthus as the biggest monocotyledon genus. The Serra do Cipó is the place where the the greatest species richness in inventories is concentrated. The Eriocaulaceae\'s studies in this region, which begun in the late 19th century, considered the delimitations of the Serra do Cipó with different contours. In this study, we adopted a delimitation of the Serra do Cipó, comprising 10 municipalities, in altitudes above 900 meters, where the \"Campos Rupestres\" (rocky grasslands) predominate, delimited to the north by the Paraúna River and to the south by the interruption between the Southern Espinhaço and the Quadrilátero Ferrífero. In this proposal, Serra do Cipó (2,735.4 km²) is divided into five units: Core Cipó (572,40 km²), South Cipó (760.94 km²), Conceição do MatoDentro (180.16 km²), Congonhas do Norte (935.37 km²) and Santana do Pirapama (276.57 km²). With reference in bibliographical and herbarium reviews, the total number of species of Eriocaulaceae of Serra do Cipó was updated from 136 to 160, with 55 endemic species, considered endangered by the IUCN\'s criteria B1ab (iii). Paepalanthus has 85 species, of which 41 are endemic. The number of Eriocaulaceae taxa was recorded for each territorial units: Cipó Central (145), Itambé do Mato Dentro (21), Santana do Pirapama (89) and Congonhas do Norte (46). 33 species are endemic to only one of these units. In the Serra do Intendente State Park, located in Conceição do Mato Dentro, inventory of the Eriocaulaceae species was carried out, with the elaboration of checklist, maps for analysis of distribution pattern and evaluation of threat status, classification in rarity types. Furthermore, we tested Jaccard similarity index with the units of the Region of Serra do Cipó, as well as UPGMA. In the Park, 64 taxa are found, highlighting Paepalanthus (45% of the species). There are two new species of Actinocephalus. We realized that 31 taxa have the materials of their nomenclatural types collected in the region of the Park and surroundings. The species assume five basic distribution patterns: restricted to the region, with increased occurrence in Espinhaço, disjunct distribution between Espinhaço and other ridges (Mantiqueira or Central Brazilian mountains) or broad in continental extensions. The Park had greater similarity with Santana do Pirapama (0.3960), followed by Central Cipó (0,3497). 22 species are listed as Endangered, two as Critically Endangered and 23 species as Data Deficient. Among rarity types, 15.5% are rare sparse species, with restricted distribution and specific habitat, considered to be extremely endangered

SYN1 is a meiosis-specific Arabidopsis homologue of yeast REC8. REC8 is an important component of the meiotic cohesion complex which maintains cohesion between sister chromatids. Cytological analysis of syn1\(^{-/-}\) has shown chromosome fragmentation at metaphase I. To determine the basis of chromosome fragmentation in the syn1\(^{-/-}\), three double mutants were constructed. I have demonstrated that chromosome fragmentation in syn1 is AtSPO11-1-dependent. Moreover, I have also shown that SYN1 has a role in DSB repair by analysing Atdmc1\(^{-/-}\)/syn1\(^{-/-}\) meiocytes. To investigate this further, immunolocalization studies in wild-type and syn1\(^{-/-}\) were conducted. Distribution of ASY1 and AtZYP1 was affected in syn1\(^{-/-}\). Both proteins appeared as aggregates, developing into an abnormal short linear signal in early prophase I, suggesting that both axis formation and synapsis are compromised. Distribution of the recombination proteins AtRAD51 and AtMLH1 was also aberrant. Localization of SYN1 in wild-type nuclei revealed a continuous signal along the chromosome axes. However, careful inspection revealed that this was accompanied by patches of more intense signals, possibly corresponding to DSB regions. To investigate this further I analysed SYN1 distribution in an Atspo11-1-4\(^{-/-}\) mutant. Whilst faint SYN1 signals were apparent along the axis, no patches of intense signals were visible. Cisplatin-induced DSBs restored AtZYP1 foci in Atspo11-1-4\(^{-/-}\) and also resulted in restoration of intense patches of the SYN1 signals. This is consistent with the recruitment of SYN1 to DSB sites.

Background. The growing population of migrants (including sub-Saharan Africans) in the United Kingdom poses challenges to British general practice. First, migrants tend to seek health care at times of crisis rather than for preventive measures. This is despite being at increased risk of certain chronic conditions compared with the indigenous population. For sub-Saharan Africans this includes hypertension-related diseases and some cancers. Little has been published about Africans’ awareness of this risk or their knowledge of associated causative factors. Second, discordant health beliefs and healthcare expectations between migrants and doctors in the UK have been found to undermine trust during consultations with general practitioners and to lead to poor patient satisfaction. Little is known about the health behaviours of African migrants whose expectations are not met by primary care in the UK. A related area where health beliefs and practices differ between African migrants and their GPs is in the use of traditional medicines. A final challenge lies in considering the wider issues that GPs must address when consulting with migrant patients, including time pressures, organisational factors and the complex nature of problems presented by migrant patients. These issues are the focus of this study. Aims. To examine African migrants’ perceptions of chronic disease and their experience of seeking primary health care in the UK. To explore the impact upon GPs of caring for migrants. Objectives. To explore: 1) perceptions of chronic disease risk facing African migrants and their underlying explanatory models; 2) experiences of consultations about antibiotic prescriptions; 3) traditional African medicine use in the UK; and (4) to consider the effect of workload and work patterns on GP consultations with migrants. Design. In-depth interviews were conducted with 19 Africans from French- or Swahili- speaking countries, one African key informant and 13 GPs working with migrants. African participant recruitment was from community organisations and GPs were approached via an informal network of doctors. Interviews were transcribed and ten were translated by the principal investigator (three Swahili and seven French). Data analysis was undertaken following the approach of applied thematic analysis using the Nvivo software package. Data collection and analyses were underpinned by the following theoretical frameworks: Kleinman’s explanatory models of illness and of cultural health care systems and Lipsky’s street-level bureaucracy. Results. Narratives suggested low awareness of chronic disease risk amongst Africans. Infectious diseases were considered the dominant health threat for African migrants, mainly HIV but also tuberculosis and ‘flu’. Chronic diseases were sometimes described by Africans as contagious. Explanatory models of chronic disease included bodily/dietary imbalance, stress/exertion, heredity/predisposition and food contamination. Cancer was feared but not considered a major threat. Cancer was considered more common in Europe than in Africa and was attributed by Africans to chemical contamination from fertilizers, food preservatives and industrial pollution. Evidence cited for these chemicals was rapid livestock/vegetable production, large size of farmed products (e.g. fish), softness of meat and flavourless food. Chemicals were reported to circulate silently inside the body and cancer to develop in the part where they deposit, sometimes years later. Africans’ belief in infective explanations of disease extended to minor illnesses and was manifested in an expectation of antibiotics from GPs for problems such as a sore throat. This arose from participants’ experience in Africa, witnessing life-threatening infectious diseases and experience of unregulated access to antibiotics. Africans described various alternative measures to fulfil their unmet expectations, including approaching other National Health Service doctors, importing medication, and using private healthcare services in London, francophone Europe and east Africa. A further option was the use of traditional African medicine, reported by one quarter of African participants. Traditional African herbal medicine use was based upon a perception of its purity and natural origin in African soil and a deep belief in its efficacy. Consulting traditional African healers in the UK was reported to be undertaken in secret. Some GPs and Africans described consultations in terms of pressure, processing and conflict. Migrants were reported to present with complex health problems that were frequently compounded by language barriers. GPs described a need to remain in control of consultations and this included some use of personal discretion to render their tasks easier to complete. The most common example was accepting patients’ family and friends as informal interpreters – a choice that ran contrary to formal policy of only using professional interpreters. Burnout was reported to be one consequence of excessive workload for patient-centred GPs working with vulnerable groups like asylum seekers. Conclusions. There is a need to improve health literacy amongst African migrants in order to promote preventive behaviours for chronic disease and alternatives to antibiotics for minor illnesses. As part of this, further research is required into the use and properties of traditional African medicine. Interventions should be built upon participants’ existing knowledge of disease causation, their self-reliance in the pursuit of a healthy lifestyle and desire to retain cultural practices. One challenge to improving migrant health lies in the service dilemmas facing GPs, including excessive workload, the complex nature of migrants’ presenting problems and professional dilemmas. GPs who act as advocates for vulnerable migrant patients may be at increased risk of burnout and greater consideration should be given to providing them with appropriate support.

This thesis forms a contribution to the historical geography of botanical knowledge. It examines the writings, teaching and public engagement in botany of John Hutton Balfour (1808-1884), Regius Professor of Botany and Medicine at the University of Edinburgh and Regius Keeper of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) between 1845 and 1879. The thesis explores the methods and approaches used by Balfour to promote botany. It pays specific attention to his scientific correspondence, publications, teaching and pedagogical practices (including fieldwork) and to his role in promoting the Botanical Society of Edinburgh. The curriculum Balfour constructed covered the major aspects of nineteenth-century botanical knowledge: plant structure, morphology and classification as well as aspects then 'on the fringes' of becoming popular - plant physiology. In order to teach this curriculum, Balfour meticulously shaped scientific, pedagogic and social spaces into places of scientific production and discovery. Study of his published work, classroom, field sites and involvement with the public sphere together form the principal elements of this thesis. These are the central places and productive sites in which his botany was made. Balfour's published work allowed him to develop theoretical aspects in his view of botany. For Balfour, writing was an occupation about which he cared deeply both in terms of its role in knowledge circulation but also from a personal perspective. His publication of texts suitable for several distinct audiences (while financially rewarding,) was also an excellent method of circulating botanical and religious knowledge, two topics he was passionate to promote. The classroom provided the setting for Balfour to teach through practical instruction. He employed sensory stimulating objects in order to encourage students to learn the skill of botanical identification and observation. The 'field', like the classroom, was also a site of practical instruction. Balfour's construction of 'the field' was careful and deliberate. It was based on familiarity of location, experience of working in the field, and an extensive knowledge of the geographical distribution of plants in Scotland. Balfour's engagement with the public was evident in his involvement with the Botanical Society of Edinburgh (BSE), and by lectures delivered to groups with the object of moral improvement through botany. The thesis situates Balfour's work within recent literature on the historical geography of scientific knowledge, with particular attention to the importance of place and the sites of science's making. In this way, Balfour's work is illustrative of wider elements of the situated production, and variable dissemination, of scientific (botanical) knowledge.

This book records the knowledge and experience Swahili-speaking people have acquired in dealing with then plant world (p. 12). With its folk botanic approach it aims at discovering the principles of taxonomy they apply in classifying and labelling their plants as well as the different kinds of uses they make of them. This is what distinguishes the book from other dictionaries of Swahili plant names, e.g. P. J. Greenway (A Swahili-Botanical-English Dictionary of Plant Names Second edition. Dares Salaam 1940) where short descriptions of morphological plant characteristics are given. Greenway only makes some remarks about the use of important plants. The dictionary of J. Schroebler and J. Berchem (Mimea ya Afrika Mashariki. Sehemu ya pili. Kamusi ya majina ya mimea. Cologne: Omimee Publishers 1992) consists of a list of Swahili plant names with then botanical equivalents and some additional remarks on plant ecology.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1954. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 392-407).

Epidemiological studies indicate that there is an inverse relationship between consumption of cruciferous vegetables and risk of cancer. As a result there is much interest in understanding the anticancer potential not only of cruciferous vegetables themselves but also of the key phytochemicals contained in them. This project focuses on the potential anticancer properties of watercress, a cruciferous vegetable which is cultivated around the world and eaten raw as a salad vegetable as well as in cooked dishes. Watercress is the most abundant source of gluconasturtiin, a precursor to the phytochemical phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), and is also a rich source of indole-3- carbinol (13C) and quercetin. This project addressed the hypothesis that the in vitro anticancer activity of watercress can be enhanced by altering the growth environment. To investigate this it was necessary to develop assays that can be used to assess the in vitro anticancer activity of watercress-derived compounds, to explore the mechanisms by which PEITC exhibits its anticancer effects, and to determine potential effects of altered growth conditions on in vitro anticancer properties. The activity of watercress-derived phytochemicals was analysed in a series of in vitro assays. Based on these results, inhibition of MCF7 cell growth and activation of Nrf2-dependent transcription were selected as potential assays for subsequent analysis of watercress extracts. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that PEITC inhibited the transcriptional activity of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), a key positive regulator of angiogenesis in malignant cells. Inhibition of HIF function was associated with inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity and decreased HIF1 a mRNA translation, and was dependent on the presence of the mTORC1 regulator, tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2). I also demonstrated that, in addition to effects on HIF1 a mRNA translation, PEITC inhibited general protein synthesis and modulated two other key regulators of translation, eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) and eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2). In proof-of-principle experiments, I demonstrated that growth inhibition and Nrf2 activation assays were suitable for the analysis of crude watercress extracts and that a natural variety of "red" watercress displayed approximately 10-fold more potent in vitro anticancer activity than standard, commercial "green" watercress. However, in a series of field trials, modulation of time of harvest, water availability or sulfur fertilisation did not alter the in vitro effects of watercress extracts in growth inhibition/Nrf2 activation assays. In conclusion, this study suggests that, rather than altering environmental factors, selective breeding might be a better approach to increase the in vitro anticancer activity of watercress. Moreover, my findings have increased our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the anticancer activity of PEITC, uncovering a novel role for PEITC in inhibiting HIF1 a and total protein synthesis, and identifying several key regulators of these processes that are modulated by PEITC

Submitted by Katiane Souza (katyane.souza@gmail.com) on 2016-04-11T23:31:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3689138 bytes, checksum: cdf97e8e24508f77275871be77b7e4c2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-11T23:31:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3689138 bytes, checksum: cdf97e8e24508f77275871be77b7e4c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In spite of the existence of works phytosociologys of the vegetation of the caatinga, still lack a lot for the knowledge of the caatingas as a completely. Consent exists among several authors in recognizing the heterogeneity floristic and physiognomies of the caatinga and in attributing to the climate and the soil, or still to the united action of these two factors, the main cause in the establishment of the caatinga types. The objective of the present work was to analyze the floristic composition, to compare the structure phytosociologycal, in the years of 2000 and 2005 and to evaluate the existent soil-vegetation relationship, the altitude and vegetable covering in one area caatinga in the farm Tamanduá, in the municipality of Santa Terezinha (PB), being adopted the method of plots, with 200m2 each, being made aleatory collections for 12 months. All shrub-trees vegetation with larger total height than 1 meter and circunference at breast height – CAP ³ 10 cm, alive or killed still foot, were counted and measured. Samples of surface soil (0-20 cm of depth) were collected from each plot for analyses of chemical and textural properties. Were defined three classes of altitudes with base in the estimates generated by interpolate: inferior, middleman and superior. Was sampling 1440 individuals, belonging to 25 species and 17 families, in the first rising, and 1704 individuals belonging to 27 species and 15 families, in the second rising. Caesalpinia pyramidalis was the most representative species in the two periods, what is due to the high values of density, dominance, frequency and distribution. The total basal area had a small increase between 2000 and 2005, passing of 10,73 m².ha-1 for 11,57 m².ha-1 an increment of 7,8 %. Of the individuals sampling, so much in the year of 2000 as in 2005, 92 % concentrated on the first four diameter classes, between 3 and 15 cm. Croton sonderianus Müll. Arg. presented the larger percentile of mortality. The number of individuals for hectare was of 1775. Of the found species, 67% can be considered as arborous and 33% as arbustive. Four families stopped about 54% of the individuals sampling: Euphorbiaceae, Caesalpinaceae, Mimosaceae and Bignoniaceae. The species that had the largest number of individuals sampling were: Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul. (21,5%), Combretum leprosum Mart. (12,4%) and Croton sonderianus Müll. Arg. (8,5%). The species that more contributed with the inclusion of the new individual were: Combretum leprosum Mart., Croton sonderianus Müll. Arg., Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul., Bauhinia cheilantha (Bong.) Stand. and Anadenanthera colubrine. The families that more stood in IVI were Caesalpiniaceae, Mimosaceae, Combretaceae and Euphorbiaceae, and Caesalpinia pyramidalis went to the species with larger density, being considered the three altitude levels. The chemical attributes of the soil, in the level of inferior altitude influenced in the individuals largest basal area and the chemical and physical attributes of the soil provided trees with larger IVI. / Apesar da existência de trabalhos fitossociológicos da vegetação da caatinga, ainda falta muito para o conhecimento das caatingas como um todo. Existe um consenso entre vários autores em reconhecer a heterogeneidade florística e fisionômica da caatinga e em atribuir ao clima e ao solo, ou ainda à ação conjunta destes dois fatores, a causa principal no estabelecimento dos tipos de caatinga. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar a composição florística, comparar a estrutura fitossociologia, nos anos de 2000 e 2005 e avaliar a relação existente entre as propriedades edáficas, a altitude e cobertura vegetal em uma área de caatinga pertencente à Fazenda Tamanduá, no município de Santa Terezinha (PB), adotando-se o método de parcelas, com 200m2 cada, fazendo-se coletas aleatórias durante 12 meses. Todas as plantas arbustivo-arbóreas com altura total maior que 1,0 metro e circunferência a altura do peito – CAP ³ 10 cm, vivos ou mortos ainda pé, foram contados e medidos. Amostras de solo na profundidade de 0- 20 cm foram coletadas nas parcelas e submetidas à análise química e textural. Foram definidas três classes de altitudes com base nas estimativas geradas por interpolação: inferior, intermediária e superior. Foram amostrados 1440 indivíduos, pertencendo a 25 espécies e 17 famílias, no primeiro levantamento, e 1704 indivíduos pertencendo a 27 espécies e 15 famílias, no segundo levantamento. Caesalpinia pyramidalis foi a espécie mais representativa nos dois períodos, o que se deve aos valores elevados de densidade, dominância, freqüência e distribuição. A área basal total teve um pequeno aumento entre 2000 e 2005, passando de 10,73 m².ha-1 para 11,57 m².ha-1 um acréscimo de 7,8 %. Dos indivíduos amostrados, tanto no ano de 2000 como em 2005, 92 % se concentraram nas primeiras quatro classes diamétricas, entre 3 e 15 cm. Croton sonderianus Müll. Arg. apresentou maior percentual de mortalidade. O número de indivíduos por hectare foi de 1775. Das espécies encontradas, 67 % podem ser consideradas como arbóreas e 33 % como arbustivas. Quatro famílias detiveram cerca de 54 % dos indivíduos amostrados: Euphorbiaceae, Caesalpinaceae, Mimosaceae e Bignoniaceae. As espécies que tiveram o maior número de indivíduos amostrados foram: Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul. (21,5 %), Combretum leprosum Mart (12,4 %) e Croton sonderianus Müll. Arg. (8,5%). As espécies que mais contribuíram com a inclusão de novos indivíduos foram: Combretum leprosum Mart., Croton sonderianus Müll. Arg., Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul., Bauhinia cheilantha (Bong.) Stand. e Anadenanthera colubrina. As famílias que mais se destacaram em IVI foram Caesalpiniaceae, Mimosaceae, Combretaceae e Euphorbiaceae, e Caesalpinia pyramidalis foi à espécie com maior densidade, considerando-se os três níveis de altitude. Os atributos químicos do solo, no nível de altitude inferior influenciaram na maior área basal dos indivíduos e os atributos químicos e físicos do solo proporcionaram indivíduos arbóreos com maior IVI.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A presente pesquisa tem a finalidade de investigar as relaÃÃes temporais que envolveram a BotÃnica, em seus diferentes nÃveis de atuaÃÃo, a partir das Ãltimas dÃcadas do sÃculo XVIII e ao longo do XIX. Nesse Ãnterim, Portugal modificou suas bases educacionais priorizando a HistÃria Natural, enfatizando os estudos dos vegetais e visando uma modernizaÃÃo agrÃcola. O Brasil pÃs-1822, à sua maneira, tratou de dar continuidade a tais medidas. Posto desta forma, a anÃlise deu-se de forma comparada, abordando polÃticas e aÃÃes implementadas entre os governos durante os regimes colonial e imperial. Metodologicamente partiu-se da capitania do CearÃ, contextualizando-a com outras espacialidades e focando em trÃs Ãreas de concentraÃÃo que estavam diretamente relacionadas à BotÃnica no perÃodo em questÃo: madeiras de lei, agricultura e plantas medicinais. A partir desses trÃs eixos, as discussÃes foram concentradas em conceitos elaborados por autores como Reinhart Koselleck e Bruno Latour, tais como: estratos do tempo, espaÃo de experiÃncia e horizonte de expectativa, aceleraÃÃo e progresso, prognÃsticos, ciÃncia em aÃÃo, centro e periferia, centrais de cÃlculos. As fontes perscrutadas, de modo geral, sÃo os Documentos Avulsos da Capitania do Cearà pertencentes ao Arquivo HistÃrico Ultramarino; publicaÃÃes cientÃficas; memÃrias; legislaÃÃes; relatÃrios de presidentes de provÃncias e ministeriais, revistas, jornais e obras literÃrias. / The aim of this work has been to investigate the time relations that have been involved Botanic in its different level of actuation, from last decades of the eighteenth century and throughout nineteenth century. During this time, Portugal changed its educational base throught of prioritization of Natural History, enphasizing vegetable studies with the aim of agricultural modernization. The post-1822 Brazil, in its own way, implemented the same actions. In this way, a comparative analysis was performed, addressing the politics and actions implemented among both governments during the colonial and the imperial regimes. The initial point of the study was the captaincy of CearÃ, contextualizing other specialties and focusing on three areas of concentration that were directly connected to Botanic in the studied period: hardwoods, agriculture and medicinal plants. In general, the following sources were consulted: single documents of the captaincy of Cearà belonging to Arquivo HistÃrico Ultramarino, scientific papers, memories, legislations, reports of presidents of provinces and ministries, magazines, newspapers, and literary works.