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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Análise de processos de aprendizagem do tipo bottom-up e seus resultados nas organizações / Analysis of bottom-up learning processes and its results in organizations

Marcia Mitie Durante Maemura 05 May 2016 (has links)
Com este estudo procurou se identificar os resultados produzidos pela aprendizagem do tipo Bottom-Up (BU) em organizações, tendo-se em vista que as variáveis Cultura Organizacional de Aprendizagem (COA), Mecanismos de Coordenação e Integração (MCI) e Liderança (LID) podem interferir na relação entre o método de aprendizagem e os resultados obtidos pela organização. Para se compreender o fenômeno, após uma pesquisa bibliográfica, foi desenvolvido um estudo multicaso pela metodologia proposta por Yin (2009). Foram pesquisadas quatro organizações atuantes em segmentos distintos, nomeadas neste estudo como \"Empresa X\" (setor farmacêutico), \"Empresa Y\" (setor alimentício/franquia), \"Empresa Z\" (indústria e comércio de calçados) e \"Empresa W\" (setor farmacêutico). Nestas empresas foram inquiridos o Diretor, o Vendedor e os responsáveis pelo setor da inovação, produção, comercial, financeiro e RH. Os respondentes foram entrevistados e preencheram um questionário, além de ter existido coleta prévia de dados secundários para maior compreensão dos fatos relacionados às empresas. Como resultado, constatou-se que nos casos analisados, aparentemente existe uma combinação entre o fator MCI e os constructos LID e COA, que possibilita a existência da aprendizagem do tipo BU. Os resultados provenientes desta combinação tendem a se manifestar em termos financeiros, competitivos e mercadológicos. A combinação do fator e os constructos não necessariamente conduzem à inovatividade da organização. / This study sought to identify the results produced by the Bottom-Up learning (BU) in organizations having in mind that the variables Organizational Learning Culture (OLC), Coordination and Integration Mechanisms (CIM) and Leadership (LEAD) can interfere with the relationship between the learning method and the results obtained by the organization. To understand the phenomenon, after a bibliographic research, it was developed a multi case study by the methodology proposed by Yin (2009). They were surveyed four organizations active in different segments, named in this study as \"Empresa X\" (pharmaceutical industry), \"Empresa Y\" (franchiser in the food sector), \"Empresa Z\" (footwear industry and retail trade) e \"Empresa W\" (pharmaceutical industry). In these companies were surveyed the diretor, the salesman and and those responsible for industry innovation, production, commercial, financial and HR. Respondents were interviewed and filled out a questionnaire, and have existed prior collection of secondary data for greater understanding of the facts related to business. As a result, it was found that in the cases analyzed, there is apparently a combination of CIM factor and constructs LEAD and OLC, which allows the existence of BU learning. The results from this combination tend to express in financial terms, competitive and related to the market. The combination of the factor and the constructs do not necessarily lead to the innovativeness of the organization.
52

Urbanismo bottom-up: sociedade em rede e processos de urbanização emergentes / Bottom-up urbanism: network society and emerging urbanization processes.

José Eduardo Calijuri Hamra 27 April 2018 (has links)
Esta pesquisa analisa os processos de urbanismo bottom-up a partir do contexto social em que emergiram e de sua atuação em meios digitais. Como contexto são analisados os movimentos sociais contemporâneos, a consolidação da sociedade em rede por meio da popularização das TICs e a emergência de novas culturas organizacionais. A análise histórica desse universo é sempre vinculada a seu impacto no processo de produção das cidades, até a apresentação da situação contemporânea. Sobre a atuação nos meios digitais a pesquisa investiga por meio da mineração de dados e análise de redes, a atuação no Facebook, a partir de um estudo de caso. As investigações revelam as dinâmicas dos principais atores, como o número e frequência de eventos, o engajamento com o público, os diálogos no espaço virtual e as ações de transformação urbana. Como resultado, a pesquisa não pretende apresentar conclusões precisas e definições de conceitos, mas apontamentos que permitem uma melhor compreensão e planejamento do urbanismo contemporâneo. / This research analyzes the processes of bottom-up urbanism from the social context in which they emerged and from their presence in digital media. As context, are analyzed the contemporary social movements, the consolidation of the network society through the popularization of ICTs and the emergence of new organizational cultures. The historical analysis of this universe is always linked to its impact on the production process of cities. About the presence in the digital media the research investigates through the data mining and analysis of networks, the action in Facebook, from a case study. The investigations reveal the dynamics of the main actors, such as the number and frequency of events, engagement with the public, dialogues in virtual space and actions of urban transformation. As a result, the research does not intend to present precise conclusions and defi nitions of concepts, but notes that allow a better understanding and planning of contemporary urbanism.
53

Integração das estratégias de sustentabilidade: \"top-down\" e \"bottomup\" como ferramentas de aprendizagem para a alfabetização ecológica no Ensino Médio / Integration of sustainability strategies: \"top-down\" and \"bottom-up\" as learning tools for ecological literacy in high school

Tainá Gouvêa Galvão Silva 03 August 2018 (has links)
O desenvolvimento sustentável no final do século XX surgiu para expressar preocupações com graves problemas que causam riscos a vida no planeta. O uso do planeta de forma sustentável exigirá diferentes estratégias de sustentabilidade. Neste sentido têm-se as estratégias que abordam o nível mais elevado do ecossistema referidas como Top-down e as estratégias que abordam componentes locais ou regionais referidas como bottom-up. A escola traz essa compreensão nos conceitos e fenômenos ecológicos. No entanto, a compreensão dessas abordagens com apoio interdisciplinar faz com que o aluno entenda os fenômenos ecológicos de forma mais crítica. Assim, para um aprendizado motivador, o professor pode utilizar como recurso didático além dos espaços formais de educação também espaços não formais de educação, ou seja, aulas de campo em ambientes naturais. Com o intuito de promover no ensino de ecologia a alfabetização ecológica dos alunos no Ensino Médio, este trabalho elaborou uma proposta didática com apoio interdisciplinar (Biologia, Língua Portuguesa e Geografia) e com ênfase nas estratégias Top-down e bottom-up abordadas tanto em espaços formais quanto não formais de educação. O método de ensino em espaço formal de educação apesar de estar estruturado didaticamente para abranger a ecologia não se apresentou motivadora ao aluno e muitos dos conceitos e fenômenos ecológicos não foram assimilados por eles. Em contrapartida, a integração interdisciplinar em associação com as estratégias de Top-down e bottom-up em espaços não formais de educação foi motivadora para o aluno melhorando o seu desempenho com relação à assimilação dos conceitos e fenômenos biológicos promovendo a alfabetização ecológica dos alunos. Espera-se com esse trabalho ter contribuído para o ensino e aprendizagem do tema sustentabilidade através da promoção da alfabetização ecológica dos alunos de Biologia no Ensino Médio em escolas públicas com a formação de cidadãos mais conscientes e críticos em assuntos ambientais. / Sustainable development in the late 20th century has emerged to express concerns about serious life-threatening problems on the planet. The use of the planet in a sustainable way will require different sustainability strategies. In this sense we have the strategies that approach the highest level of the ecosystem referred to as \"top-down\" and the strategies that approach local or regional components referred to as \"bottom-up\". The school brings this understanding into concepts and ecological phenomena. However, understanding these approaches with interdisciplinary support makes the student understand ecological phenomena more critically. Thus, for a motivating learning, the teacher can use as a didactic resource beyond the formal spaces of education also non-formal spaces of education, that is, field lessons in natural environments. In order to promote ecological literacy among students in high school, this work elaborated a didactic proposal with interdisciplinary support (Biology, Portuguese Language and Geography) and with emphasis on top-down and bottom-up strategies addressed in both formal and non-formal education settings. The method of teaching in formal educational space despite being structured to cover ecology did not present itself as motivating to the student and many concepts and ecological phenomena were not assimilated by them. In contrast, interdisciplinary integration in association with top-down and bottom-up strategies in non-formal education spaces was motivating for the student to improve his performance in relation to the assimilation of concepts and biological phenomena by promoting literacy of the students. It is hoped that this work contributed to the teaching and learning of the sustainability theme through the promotion of the ecological literacy of Biology students in High School in public schools with the formation of citizens more conscious and critical in environmental issues.
54

Tamanhos pictóricos percebidos sobre gradientes de textura desenhados e fotografados após exposições breves / Pictorial size perceived under line-drawing and photographed texture gradient after brief exposures

Leonardo Gomes Bernardino 11 September 2012 (has links)
O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar a dinâmica temporal da percepção de tamanho de objetos inseridos em gradientes de textura, provenientes de desenho gerado computacionalmente (gradiente de perspectiva) e de fotografia com elementos naturais (gradiente fotografado). Além disso, verificou-se a ocorrência e padrão dos movimentos oculares nestas condições. Para isso, foram realizados 2 experimentos. No primeiro experimento, dois círculos negros eram apresentados no meridiano vertical e a tarefa dos 96 participantes foi indicar em qual parte do campo visual, superior ou inferior, foi apresentado o maior círculo. Usando o método das escadas duplas, estes círculos eram apresentados brevemente (50, 100, 150 ou 200 ms) em três condições de fundos de tela (sem textura, gradiente de perspectiva ou gradiente fotografado). Foram calculados a inclinação da função psicométrica e o ponto de igualdade subjetivo (PIS) como medidas da sensibilidade discriminativa e da distorção perceptiva, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram que os participantes discriminaram melhor o tamanho dos estímulos à medida que o tempo de exposição aumentava, independentemente do gradiente de textura. A análise do PIS revelou que há uma forte distorção do tamanho aos 100 ms para o gradiente de perspectiva e aos 150 ms para o gradiente fotografado. No segundo experimento, 24 participantes realizaram uma tarefa semelhante ao do primeiro experimento e utilizou-se um eye tracker para registrar o movimento ocular. Os resultados mostraram que, em apresentações de 150 e 200 ms, os movimentos oculares ocorreram em menos de 10% das tentativas em todos os fundos de tela. Isto indica que a redução das distorções de tamanho após os 100 ms observada no primeiro experimento não é explicada completamente pela alocação da atenção. Tomados em conjunto, estes resultados sugerem que o processamento e integração das informações de tamanho e profundidade são mediados principalmente por mecanismos bottom-up. Ademais, em uma condição de menor restrição temporal (1500 ms), a presença de informações de profundidade afetou a dimensão espacial das fixações e sacadas, mas não a dimensão temporal. Os participantes olharam preferencialmente para o estímulo apresentado no campo visual superior, o que indica que a atenção foi alocada às posições de maior profundidade. Os resultados também indicaram que os estímulos maiores capturaram tanto a atenção transitória quanto a atenção sustentada. Assim, este estudo permitiu um maior conhecimento sobre os mecanismos perceptivos e atentivos envolvidos no processamento das informações de tamanho e de profundidade. / This study aimed to investigate the temporal dynamics of object size perception under texture gradients from line-drawing (perspective gradient) and photograph with natural elements (photographed gradient). Additionally, it was analyzed the occurrence and the pattern of eye movements in these conditions. For this, we carried out 2 experiments. In the first experiment, two black circles were displayed in the vertical meridian and 96 participants reported whether the bigger one was presented at the lower or upper visual field. By using double staircase psychophysics method, these circles were briefly presented (50, 100, 150 or 200 ms) in three background conditions (no texture, perspective gradient or photographed gradient). The slope of the psychometric function and the points of subjectivity equality (PSE) were calculated and used as discrimination sensitivity and size distortion measures, respectively. The results showed a greater sensitivity to size discrimination as exposure time increased, regardless the texture gradient. The analysis of PSE indicated greater size distortions in perspective gradient at 100 ms and in photographed gradient at 150 ms. In the second experiment, 24 participants performed a task similar to that in Experiment 1 while an eye tracker recorded their eye-movements. The results showed that, at 150 and 200 ms, eye movements occurred in less than 10% of trials in all backgrounds. It indicates that the size distortion reduction after 100 ms observed in the first experiment cannot be fully explained by attention allocation. Taken together, these results suggest that the process and integration of size and depth information are mainly mediated by bottom-up mechanism. Moreover, in a less time constrain condition (1500 ms), depth cues affected the spatial measures of fixations and saccades, but not the temporal ones. The participants looked more frequently at the stimulus on the upper visual field, indicating that attention has been allocated to positions of greater depth. The results also indicated that large stimulus capture both transient and sustained attention. Thus, this study provides a better understanding of perceptual and attentive mechanisms involved in size and depth process.
55

Introduction de non linéarités et de non stationnarités dans les modèles de représentation de la demande électrique résidentielle / Introducing non stationarities and nonlinearities in the residential load curve reconstitution models

Grandjean, Arnaud 10 January 2013 (has links)
La problématique développée dans la thèse est d'estimer, dans une démarche prospective et dans un but d'anticipation, les impacts en puissance induits par les ruptures technologiques et comportementales qui ne font pas aujourd'hui l'objet de mesures dans les panels. Pour évaluer les modifications sur les appels de puissance du parc résidentiel engendrées par ces profondes transformations,un modèle paramétrique, bottom-up, techno-explicite et agrégatif est donc nécessaire. Celui-ci serait donc destiné à la reconstitution, de manière non tendancielle, de la courbe de charge électrique résidentielle. Il permettrait ainsi de conduire la simulation de différents scénarios d'évolution contrastés. L'élaboration d'un tel modèle constitue le sujet de ce doctorat.Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous proposons une méthode conceptuelle originale de reconstitution de courbe de charge. Sa mise en application centrée sur la génération de foisonnement d'origine comportementale a conduit à la modélisation d'un certain nombre de concepts. Ce travail a abouti à l'élaboration d'un algorithme stochastique destiné à représenter le déclenchement réalistedes appareils domestiques. Différents cas d'application ont pu être testés et les résultats en puissance ont été étudiés. Plus particulièrement pour analyser le foisonnement visible à un niveau agrégé, nous avons mis en place une méthodologie nouvelle basée sur une distance adaptée aux courbes de charge. Finalement, nous avons cherché à identifier des comportements réels d'usage des appareils. Pour cela, nous avons conduit différents travaux de classification de courbes de charge. / In this dissertation, we focus on the estimation of the impacts in terms of power demand caused by the technological and behavioural breaks that will affect the domestic sector in the future. These deep changes are not measured in the existing panels and the estimation is required for prospective (long-term) studies. To evaluate the very likely modifications of the domestic power demand that will follow previous influences, a bottom-up, technically-explicit and aggregative model is needed. This one aims at reconstituting the electric residential load curve according to a non-trending manner. Thanks to it, various evolution scenarios can be simulated. The purpose of this PhD is the elaboration of such a model.A functional analysis was carried out to build up a new method to reconstitute the domestic electric load curve. Since the clarifying of the diversity represents one of the key points of our research, we decided to begin the modelling task with focus on it. More precisely, we elaborated a stochastic algorithm whose purpose is the realistic starting of domestic appliances. Some application cases have been tested. We studied the diversity affecting aggregated power demand and we propose a new methodology able to visualise and to analyse it. This method is based on a distance adapted to the load curve. Finally we tried to identify human behaviour concerning the use of appliances thanks to load curve classifications.
56

Viability of nanoporous films for nanofluidic applications / Couches minces nanoporeuses comme plateforme pour applications nanofluidiques

Ceratti, Davide Raffaele 30 September 2015 (has links)
Ces travaux de thèse ont eu deux objectifs: i) le développent de systèmes nanofluidique en utilisant une méthode non-lithographique, peu chère et facilement transposable à l'échelle industrielle ii) la compréhension des phénomènes nanofluidiques au travers des études expérimentales et de modélisation. Des couches minces mesoporeuses, en particulier des structures planaires avec des nanopiliers, ont été utilisé pour des études sur l'infiltration capillaire des liquides dans espaces confiné au niveau nanométrique. En plus des premiers tests pour des applications plus complexes comme des séparations et réactions nanoconfiné. Des structures mesoporeuses non-organisés ont aussi été étudiées pour déterminer la relation entre la nanostructure et la vitesse de remplissage capillaire. A été aussi démontré que pour des porosités avec des forts rétrécissements le remplissage capillaire se produit par l'intermédiaire d'une phase vapeur. Les échantillons ont été préparés par dip-coating. Une méthode de préparation basé sur une substitution de la plus grande parte de la solution à déposer par un fluide inerte a été développé. La méthode permet de réduire fortement le cout de procédé et, par conséquence, de faire des dépôts sur plus grande surface. Un effort dans la modélisation des phénomènes nanofluidiques a aussi été fait pendant cette thèse. Une méthode de simulation qui permet de décrire adéquatement les interactions hydrodynamiques dans un système nano a été utilisée pour simuler un flux électro-osmotique. La méthode, Stochastic Rotational Dynamics, a été valide par confrontation avec des résultats connus et l'influence des certains paramètres de simulation évaluée dans le détail. / This thesis had a dual purpose: i) the development of nanofluidic devices through not lithographic, cheap and scalable bottom-up approach ii) the understanding of nanofluidic phenomena both through experiments and simulations. Mesoporous thin films, in particular Pillared Planar Nanochannels (PPNs), were prepared and utilized to study the capillary infiltration of liquids in nanostructures and have been tested for future nanofluidic applications like separations and nanoconfined reactions. Non organized mesoporous films have also been studied to determine the relationship between nanostructure characteristics and infiltration speed. It has been also demonstrated that in the case of porosities with reduced bottle-necks capillary penetration is performed through a vapor mediated mechanism The samples were prepared by dip-coating. A novel method of preparation based on the substitution of a large part of the deposing solution in dip-coating with an inert fluid has been developed in order to strongly reduce the fabrication costs and allow the preparation of larger samples. Moreover advancement in control of the dip-coating technique in “acceleration-mode” to produce thickness gradients has been developed and some potential application linked to fluidics shown. Finally a part of the effort of this thesis has been placed in the modeling of the electro-osmotic phenomenon in nanostructures through a rather novel simulation method, Stochastic Rotational Dynamics, which takes into account the hydrodynamics and the other interactions inside a nanofluidic system. Validations of the method and further investigations in particular nanofluidic conditions have been performed.
57

Relações tróficas e limnológicas no reservatório de Itaipu: uma análise do impacto da biomassa pesqueira nas comunidades planctônicas / Trophic and limnological interactions in the Itaipu reservoir: an analysis of the impact of the fishing biomass in the planktonic communities

Rinaldo Antonio Ribeiro Filho 20 November 2006 (has links)
Inúmeros estudos experimentais contribuíram para o desenvolvimento da teoria das redes tróficas lacustres, revelando o importante papel dos peixes, ignorados no campo da limnologia durante décadas. A maioria dos estudos foi desenvolvida na Europa e Estados Unidos e a generalidade da teoria ainda não foi amplamente testada em ambientes subtropicais e tropicais. Apesar das controversas, as hipóteses de cascata trófica e de bottom-up : top-down são os modelos conceituais mais utilizados. Neste contexto, este trabalho baseia-se na hipótese de que as relações tróficas em cascata, relacionadas aos efeitos bottom-up e top-down, podem ser encontradas no Reservatório de Itaipu, inserido em região subtropical. Com base em dados disponibilizados pela Itaipu Binacional, para o período de 1999 a 2004. Análises de Covariância (ANCOVAs) foram realizadas para determinar as relações das variáveis dependentes clorofila-a, cianobactéria e transparência da água sobre as demais variáveis limnológicas. Análises de correlações também foram realizadas para verificar a existência de algum tipo de efeito na cascata trófica. Os resultados obtidos caracterizam o reservatório como mesotrófico, com situações de oligotrofia na zona lacustre. Efeito negativo foi verificado para transparência da água em relação aos sólidos suspensos totais e turbidez. A clorofila apresentou relação positiva com nitrogênio total, mas não para fósforo total. Os peixes onívoros, detritívoros e insetívoros exerceram efeito negativo (controle) na densidade das cianobactérias e na concentração de clorofila. A estimativa da produção de peixes no reservatório foi melhor relacionada com as cianobactérias do reservatório, gerando um modelo estatístico através desta análise. Os efeitos top-down e bottom-up foram confirmados, sendo que as forças top-down foram encontradas apenas no primeiro nível trófico e as demais apresentaram efeito bottom-up. / Many experimental studies contributed for the development of the theory of the lacustrine food web, disclosing the important paper of the fish, for decades ignored by the limnology. These studies, in its majority, had been developed in Europe and North America and the generality of the hypotheses supporting the theory was not tested yet in subtropical and tropical environments. Although controversial, the trophic cascade and bottom-up: top-down hypotheses are the two main conceptual models presently used. This work is based on the hypothesis of the trophic cascade relations, particularly related to bottom-up and top-down effect can be detected in Itaipu Reservoir, a subtropical system. Using the made data available by Itaipu Binacional, from 1999 to 2004. Analyses of Covariance (ANCOVAs) were accomplished to determine the relationships of the dependent variable on the chlorophyll-a, cyanobacterias and transparency of the water (independent variables) and between the other limnologycal variables. Analyses of correlations were also accomplished to verify the existence of some effect type in the trophic cascade. The results show that the reservoir presented mesotrophic, and oligotrophic and characteristics in the lacustrine area. A negative effect was verified between the water transparency in relation to suspended solids and turbid. The chlorophyll presented positive relationship with total nitrogen, but didn\'t present any relationship with the total phosphorus. The omnivorous, and detritivorous and insectivorous fishes presented a negative effect (control) in the cyanobacteria concentrations and chlorophyll. The estimate of the production of fish in the reservoir was better related with the concentrations of cyanobacterias of the reservoir, generating a statistical model through this analysis. The top-down and bottom-up effect had been confirmed, the forces top-down had been found only in the first trophic level, and the others presented bottom-up effect.
58

Programmed assembly of oppositely charged homogeneously decorated and Janus particles

Kirillova, Alina, Stoychev, Georgi, Synytska, Alla 02 September 2020 (has links)
The exploitation of colloidal building blocks with morphological and functional anisotropy facilitates the generation of complex structures with unique properties, which are not exhibited by isotropic particle assemblies. Herein, we demonstrate an easy and scalable bottom-up approach for the programmed assembly of hairy oppositely charged homogeneously decorated and Janus particles based on electrostatic interactions mediated by polyelectrolytes grafted onto their surface. Two different assembly routes are proposed depending on the target structures: raspberry-like/half-raspberry-like or dumbbell-like micro-clusters. Ultimately, stable symmetric and asymmetric microstructures could be obtained in a well-controlled manner for the homogeneous–homogeneous and homogeneous–Janus particle assemblies, respectively. The spatially separated functionalities of the asymmetric Janus particle-based micro-clusters allow their further assembly into complex hierarchical constructs, which may potentially lead to the design of materials with tailored plasmonics and optical properties.
59

Topography-controlled alignment of DNA origami nanotubes on nanopatterned surfaces

Teshome, Bezuayehu, Facsko, Stefan, Keller, Adrian 02 December 2019 (has links)
The controlled positioning of DNA nanostructures on technologically relevant surfaces represents a major goal along the route toward the full-scale integration of DNA-based materials into nanoelectronic and sensor devices. Previous attempts to arrange DNA nanostructures into defined arrays mostly relied on top-down lithographic patterning techniques combined with chemical surface functionalization. Here we combine two bottom-up techniques for nanostructure fabrication, i.e., self-organized nanopattern formation and DNA origami self-assembly, in order to demonstrate the electrostatic self-alignment of DNA nanotubes on topographically patterned silicon surfaces. Self-organized nanoscale ripple patterns with periodicities ranging from 20 nm to 50 nm are fabricated by low-energy ion irradiation and serve as substrates for DNA origami adsorption. Electrostatic interactions with the charged surface oxide during adsorption direct the DNA origami nanotubes to the ripple valleys and align them parallel to the ripples. By optimizing the pattern dimensions and the Debye length of the adsorption buffer, we obtain an alignment yield of ~70%. Since this novel and versatile approach does not rely on any chemical functionalization of the surface or the DNA nanotubes, it can be applied to virtually any substrate material and any top-down or bottom-up nanopatterning technique. This technique thus may enable the wafer-scale fabrication of ordered arrays of functional DNA-based nanowires.
60

"En liten del i ett stort sammanhang" : – En kvalitativ studie om implementering av metoden Multisystemisk terapi inom socialtjänsten / "A small part of a large context" : - A qualitative study on the implementation of the method Multisystemic therapy in social services

Björkstrand, Marie January 2016 (has links)
Syftet med studien var att belysa personals erfarenheter och upplevelser av implementeringen av den evidensbaserade metoden Multisystemisk Terapi (MST) inom Socialtjänstens öppenvård. Vetenskapstraditionen utgår från den tolkande hermeneutiken med inspiration av ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv. Undersökningen bygger på fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer av personal på olika organisatoriska nivåer. En slutsats är att implementeringsprocessen är inbyggd i MST som koncept och i den organisation som finns runt omkring. Styrningen verkar mestadels ha varit en växelvis påverkan. Detta har tillsammans med andra gynnande faktorer som bl.a. tro på metoden, modelltrogenhet, information och stödjande samarbete mellan alla led från politiken, inom organisationen och med hela MST-organisationen överbryggt hinder och varit en stor bidragande faktor till att implementeringen kan anses lyckosam. Metoden används till största delen tillfredsställande. Trots vissa hinder upplever personalen att de själva och familjerna på det stora hela är nöjda med MST som metod och de resultat som den visar. Personalen utvecklas i arbetet med metoden och familjer har rekommenderat andra familjer MST.

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