<p>This paper deals with archery in the Viking Age settlement of Birka and in particular the presence of Euro Asiatic, steppe nomadic archery equipment at the Birka Garrison and one Birka grave. The equipment contains for example closed quivers and a bow case. This paper also contains a discussion of archery battle techniques and tactics in Viking Age Birka and the implications of the above mentioned equipment to this discussion. The analysis insinuates the importance and status of archery in 10th century Birka.</p>

This study used a comparison of one hundred and forty-eight historical (1888-1913) and current (2008-2014) oblique photographs from thirty-two stations to identify land cover changes that have occurred in portions of the Bow and Elbow valleys as well as surrounding Kananaskis Country region. Implications of these changes for flooding and flood management were explored. Forest cover was found to have drastically increased over the past century, particularly in the Bow valley, as did areas of direct human development. In the same time period, grasslands increased in the Elbow valley but decreased in the Bow, while regenerating areas decreased uniformly throughout both valleys. An analysis of pre (2008)-and-post (2014) flood conditions demonstrated no change in coniferous forest cover in both valleys over the 6-year period, but uncovered a decline of 20% in the Elbow and 3% in the Bow in the broadleaf/mixedwood category. The Elbow’s channel zone was larger in 2014 compared to 2008, whereas the extent of the Bow’s channel zone remained constant. However, both the Bow and Elbow’s bare exposed bars increased substantially, most likely as a result of the 2013 flood. The major source of water flows that contributed to the 2013 flood event originated in high elevation rock and scree areas, which, unlike floodplains, are elements of the watershed that cannot be manipulated over time. It is now recognized that forest cover should act as a buffer to floods. Nevertheless, the 2013 flood event occurred despite the massive buffering effect of a huge increase in older forest stands across the study area. The final discussion includes recommendations for improving flood management in the area. / Graduate / 0329, 0768, 0478 / tanya.taggarthodge@gmail.com

Syftet med denna studie är att observera mitt lärande i studerande av irländsk musik. Studiens metod är att genom en mästare, lära repertoar som förmedlar stiltypiska drag. Som teoretisk utgångspunkt för studien har det sociokulturella perspektivet med fokus på mästarläran valts. Frågeställningarna som ligger till grund för studien undersöker vilka redskap som används för att appropriera den irländska musiken och vilka insikter och framsteg som gjorts i den irländska spelstilen under studiens gång. Efter analys av det under processen inhämtade material framkommer i resultatet användning av både materiella och teoretiska redskap som ofta samverkar. Vidare visar resultatet tecken på lärande inom områdena tempo, stråk och förståelse kring musiken. I diskussionen tas några av de slutsatser som framkommit i resultatet upp och kopplas till den litteratur och forskning som presenteras i arbetets bakgrundskapitel. Några av de punkter som tas upp i diskussionen är hur min musikaliska identitet utvecklas, lärande i sessions, vilken stil jag utvecklar under detta arbete och vad redskapen har för betydelse. / This study’s purpose is to observe the learning process of studying Irish traditional music. The method used in the study, is to learn repertoire mediating the Irish style from a master in the tradition. As a theoretical basis for the study a socio-cultural perspective with a focus on master-learning is used.  The study is based on research questions investigating how tools are used to learn the Irish style and how learning becomes visible and changes during the process. After analysing the material, collected during the process, the results show the use of both material and theoretical tools which often cooperate. Furthermore, the results show, how learning is achieved in the categories: tempo, bowing and understanding of the music. In the discussion some of the conclusions, appearing in the result, are brought up and connected to literature and research presented in the studies background chapter. Some of the topics discussed are how my musical identity develops, how learning takes place in sessions, how my style is affected during the study and what impact the tools have on learning.

This work developed a process to provide physical, electrical, and environmental protection to the electrical lead system of an optical switch device. A literature review was conducted to find materials and processes suitable to the stress-sensitive, high voltage characteristics of many optical switch devices. An automatic dispensing dam and fill process, and three candidate materials (two epoxy and one silicone) were selected for investigation. Experimental and analytical techniques were used to evaluate the materials. Methods applied included interferometric die warpage measurements, electrochemical migration resistance tests (ECMT), thermal cycling, and finite element analysis. The silicone dam and fill system was selected based upon the results of die warpage and electrochemical migration resistance tests. A modified, selective dam and fill process was developed and preliminary reliability testing was performed. The paper provides detailed instructions for successful encapsulation of the optical switch's lead system.

Giuseppe Tartini is one of the most important personalities in the history of violin playing and literature. His rich heritage has contributed to the development of both, and his influence has crossed afar the Italian borders. This diploma thesis brings a complex view into the life and creation of this 18th century violin virtuoso. His composing activity uprose from his master violin skills, and therefore he composed especially for this instrument. Tartini transmitted his knowledge to the students of paduan School of nations, which he himself had founded. His treatise on ornaments Traité des agréments, compiled of the practical comments on the ornament interpretation, is of great significance. No small attention deserves also his letter to the pupil Maddalena Lombardini. As a matter of fact, it is a violin lesson in a letter form, and the value of the letter is by no means just historical. Another area of Tartini's interest was music theory, in which he invented so called difference tones. His contribution to the development of violin bow is also praiseworthy; he made several adaptations which brought the bow nearer to its current shape.

This paper deals with archery in the Viking Age settlement of Birka and in particular the presence of Euro Asiatic, steppe nomadic archery equipment at the Birka Garrison and one Birka grave. The equipment contains for example closed quivers and a bow case. This paper also contains a discussion of archery battle techniques and tactics in Viking Age Birka and the implications of the above mentioned equipment to this discussion. The analysis insinuates the importance and status of archery in 10th century Birka.

Une nouvelle approche, en utilisant un 3D code électromagnétique (PIC), est présentée pour étudier la sensibilité de la magnétosphère de la terre à la variabilité du vent solaire. Commençant par un vent solaire empiétant sur une terre magnétisée, le temps a été laissé au système ainsi une structure d'état d'équilibre de la magnétosphère a été atteinte. Une perturbation impulsive a été appliquée au système par changeant la vitesse du vent solaire pour simuler une dépression en sa pression dynamique, pour zéro, au sud et du nord du champ magnétique interplanétaire(IMF). La perturbation appliquée, un effet de trou d'air qui pourrait être décrit comme espace ~15Re est formé pour tous les cas d'état de IMF. Dès que le trou d'air a frappé le choc d'arc initial de la magnétosphère régulière, une reconnexion entre le champ magnétique de la terre et le IMF sud a été notée à la coté jour magnétopause(MP). Pendant la phase d'expansion du système, la frontière externe de la coté jour du MP a enfoncé quand IMF=0, et pourtant elle sa forme de balle quand un IMF au sud et nordique étaient inclus. La relaxation de temps du MP pour les trois cas de IMF a été étudiée. Le code est alors appliqué pour étudier l'événement d'Halloween de l'octobre 2003. Notre simulation a produit un nouveau genre de trou d'air, un espace raréfié qui a été produit après un gradient fort en IMF d'empiétement. Un tel dispositif est tout à fait semblable aux anomalies chaudes observées d'écoulement et peut avoir la même origine

L'objectif de ce mémoire est de présenter les membres et les pratiques de l'escouade de Sir John Fielding, ce que l'on allait plus tard appeler les Bow Street Runners, et de tenter d'en savoir plus sur leur réputation, leur intégrité et leur professionnalisme. Ces individus ont fait partie, dans la deuxième moitié du 18e siècle londonien, de l'escouade sur laquelle le premier corps de police professionnel, les bobbies, fut modelé. De plus, cette recherche s'intéressera aux critiques d'un auteur de l'époque sur l'entreprise de Fielding, ses réalisations et ses hommes. Cette étude veut aussi jeter un regard sur les différentes techniques employées par les hommes de Fielding dans le cadre de leur travail. Cette recherche est principalement basée sur les archives judiciaires du Old Bailey durant les années où Sir John Fielding exerçait la fonction de magistrat à Bow Street. Nous avons également utilisé certains articles de journaux de l'époque, mais surtout une série d'articles parus dans le Oxford Magazine, une publication indépendante, imprimée et distribuée à Londres entre 1768 et 1772. L'étude de ces documents nous permet d'identifier les individus ayant travaillé pour Fielding à titre de runner et de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de cette escouade spéciale. Nous pouvons ainsi mieux comprendre comment les acteurs de la justice de l'époque jouaient leur rôle pour appréhender les suspects, de quelle façon leurs témoignages sont devenus plus importants en cour et comment ils témoignaient devant celle-ci. Bien que cette recherche ait identifiée de façon formelle plusieurs individus ayant travaillé à Bow Street durant la magistrature de Fielding, elle ne fournit que des réponses partielles et sur un groupe restreint d'individus, quant à la réputation de ceux-ci et le style de vie qu'ils entretenaient avant de se joindre à l'escouade de Bow-Street. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : John Fielding, Old Bailey, Police, Justice, 18e siècle, Oxford Magazine.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2008. / Title from title page screen (viewed on Sept. 9, 2009). Thesis advisor: Robert J. Norrell. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

The Bow River Basin in Southern Alberta is a semi-arid catchment, with surface water provided from the Rocky Mountains. Water resources in this basin, primarily surface water, are allocated to a variety of users- industry, municipalities, agriculture, energy and needs for the environment. The largest consumptive use is by agriculture (80%), and several large dams at the headwaters provide for over 800,000 MWhrs of hydropower. This water is managed by the 1990 Water Act, distributing water via licenses following the “first in time first in right” principle. Currently, the basin is over-allocated, and closed to any new licenses. Conflicts between different water users have consequences for the economy and the environment. By using an integrated water resources model, these conflicts can be further examined and solutions can be investigated and proposed. In this research an integrated water resources model, referred to as Sustainability-oriented Water Allocation Management and Planning Model applied to the Bow Basin (SWAMPB), is developed to emulate Alberta’s Water Resources Management Model (WRMM). While having the same allocation structure as WRMM, SWAMPB instead provides a simulation environment, linking allocation with dynamic irrigation and economic sub-models. SWAMPB is part of a much larger framework, SWAMP, to simulate the water resources systems for the entire South Saskatchewan River Basin (SSRB). SWAMPB integrates economics with a water resources allocation model as well as an irrigation model- all developed using the system dynamics approach. Water is allocated following the allocation structure provided in WRMM, through operation rules of reservoirs and diversions to water users. The irrigation component calculates the water balance of farms, determining the crop water demand and crop yields. An economic valuation is provided for both crops and hydropower generation through the economic component. The structure of SWAMPB is verified through several phases. First, the operation of reservoirs with fixed (known) inflows, and modeled releases, are compared against WRMM for a historical simulation period (1928-2001). Further verifications compare the operation of SWAMPB as a whole without any fixed flows but fixed demands to identify errors in the system water allocation. A final verification then compares both models against historical flows and reservoir levels to assess the validity of each model. SWAMPB, although found to have some minor differences in model structure due to the system dynamics modeling environment, is to be evaluated as an acceptable emulator. SWAMPB is applied to assess a variety of management and policy solutions to mitigating environmental flow deficit. Solutions include increasing irrigation efficiency (S1), requiring more summer release from hydropower reservoirs at the headwaters (S2), a combination of the previous two (S3), implementing the In-Stream Flow Needs (S4) and implementing Water Conservation Objectives (S5). The solutions are not only examined by their ability to restore river flows, but also with respect to the economic consequences and effect on hydropower, irrigation, and municipalities. It is found that the three technical solutions (S1, S2, and S3) provide economic gains and allow more efficient water use, but do little to restore streamflows. Conversely, the two policy solutions (S4 and S5) are more effective at restoring river flow, but have severe consequences on the economy and water availability for irrigation and municipal uses. This analysis does not recommend a particular solution, but provides a quantification of the tradeoffs that can be used by stakeholders to make decisions. Further work on the SWAMP methodology is foreseen, to link SWAMPB with other models, enabling a comprehensive analysis across the entire SSRB.