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Located in today’s southern Israel, Tell el Hesi provides archaeologists with important clues to political and social changes in the ancient Near East. Zooarchaeological and stable isotopic analyses were conducted to evaluate shifts in animal husbandry practices during changing socioeconomic and sociopolitical conditions in the southern Levant. During the Early Bronze Age, Tell el Hesi thrived as an agricultural grain producing center for the southern Levant. The acropolis served as both a storage and redistribution center for the inhabitants of Tell el Hesi. Coinciding with the collapse of the southern Levant, Tell el Hesi was abandoned throughout the Middle Bronze Age and Late Bronze Age. Socioeconomic relations collapsed between the southern and northern Levant as foreign cultures swept into the region. The Iron Age and Persian Period represented constant sociopolitical change as Assyrian and Persian armies battled against Egypt for territory and natural resources, using Tell el Hesi as a military outpost and storage facility for soldiers and equipment. Unsystematic excavations at the site make it difficult to interpret how animals were used at Tell el Hesi over time. Zooarchaeological analysis suggests, however, that amidst constant societal changes at Tell el Hesi, the inhabitants of the site used animals in similar ways throughout time. Statistically, there seems to be little difference in the quantity of animal species represented during the Bronze Age, Iron Age, and Persian Period. This suggests that the once common specialized pastoralism found in the Early Bronze Age survived into the Persian Period at Tell el Hesi and was an effective herd management strategy for small populations living in ever changing societies. Future excavation and analysis would be able to further assess this hypothesis. The stable isotope results suggest that domesticated animals at Tell el Hesi were consuming both C3 domesticated grain along with C4 wild grasses. Economically significant animals appear to have been foddered within the city boundaries of Tell el Hesi but predominantly grazed in the surrounding foothill area. Wild animals such as deer, gazelle and antelope share similar δ13C values with the domesticated animals at the site.

Every father is the son of a mother. While this would appear to be a commonplace, studies of patrimonialism as a political system in the ancient Near East have rarely considered its implications. Royal women, as objects of exchange and as agents of political action, played a central role in negotiations between Late Bronze Age states and in dynastic struggles within these states. The relative positions of royal men were shaped by their relationships to royal women. / Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations

No description available.

Cette étude porte sur la métallurgie des alliages cuivreux du Bronze Moyen dans la région du Levant. Le corpus étudié est constitué d'armes provenant des sites libanais de Byblos, d'Arqa, de Khariji et de Yanouh. L'objectif de ce travail a été d'enrichir la connaissance sur le savoir-faire technique des artisans de l'époque afin d'intégrer ces nouveaux résultats dans le champ disciplinaire de l'histoire des techniques métallurgiques. La méthodologie mise en œuvre dans ce travail comprend plusieurs volets. Des analyses élémentaires ont été menées afin de retrouver les recettes des alliages employées. Des indices sur les techniques de mise en forme ont pu être révélés par des examens métallographiques. L'ensemble des ces résultats ont permis d'élaborer des hypothèses sur les chaines opératoires mises en œuvre dans la production de ces armes. Des travaux d'archéologie expérimentale visant a retracer les étapes de fabrication de ces objets ont permis de tester la validité d'un certain nombre d'hypothèse. Enfin, notre approche, résolument tournée vers l'Archéométrie, a consisté dans un deuxième temps à confronter ces données d'ordre technologique à des informations plus classiquement archéologiques (typologies, sources textuelles, contextes). Nous avons ainsi pu mettre en évidence, à travers l'interprétation des pratiques et des choix des artisans, divers aspects du rôle des armes en tant que vecteur culturel dans la société de l'époque.