This diploma thesis is describing making of the same art casting by using different foundry technologies/ moulds (ceramic shell mould, several types of plaster moulds including anhydride gypsum and also natural sand mould). In this thesis there is also description of casting the famous piece of bull from “Byci skala” (Bull Rock). The bull was cast into traditional clay mould which is believed to be the original technology. Also the original shape of the bull casting was reconstructed, i.e. a copy of the original bull casting made. As the main achievement of this work is an overview and comparison of several technologies suitable for making art castings.

Les matériaux conducteurs de basse dimensionnalité électronique peuvent présenter des transitions vers des états électroniques complexes tels que la supraconduction, les Ondes de Densité de Spins (ODS) et les Ondes de Densité de Charges (ODC). La coexistence de plusieurs de ces instabilités au sein d’un même matériau a donné lieu à une recherche active de nouveaux systèmes conducteurs quasi-bidimensionnels. Dans cette thèse nous avons choisi de nous intéresser à la famille des Bronzes MonoPhosphate de Tungstène à tunnels pentagonaux (MPTBp), de formule chimique (PO2)4(WO3)2m ; l’un des principaux intérêts réside dans la possibilité de contrôler directement la dimensionnalité du matériau et sa densité de porteurs en faisant varier la valeur de m (2 ≤ m ≤ 14). Dans la littérature il a été montré que certains termes de cette famille (m=4, 5, 6) admettent des états ODC successifs alors que d’autres (m=10) présentent des ordres de type ferro électrique ; l’objectif de cette thèse est alors de montrer l’effet de la dimensionnalité du matériau sur l’apparition et la stabilité de ces états électroniques dans les MPTBp. Pour cela, des mesures de transport électronique, des études des structures modulées incommensurables et commensurables par diffraction des rayons X avant et après chaque transition et des mesures de diffusion inélastique ont été effectuées sur plusieurs termes à valeur de m pair. Dans ce travail nous avons pu montrer l’existence d’un état ODC pour les termes m=2, 4, 6, 8 et 10, caractérisé par la formation d’amas de tungstène dans certaines régions du matériau, accompagné, pour les m=8 et 10, de l’installation progressive d’une mise en ordre de type anti-ferroélectrique des déplacements des atomes de tungstène. Un phénomène de dépiégeage d’ODC a été observé pour le terme quasi-unidimensionnel m=2, ce qui n’avait encore jamais été reporté chez les MPTBp. Un couplage électron-phonon fort a pu être mis en évidence pour les hauts termes (m ≥ 8) à la fois via les analyses structurales, l’observation de transitions résistives du premier ordre mais également par des mesures de diffusion inélastique des rayons X. Pour ces hauts termes, une transition de type ordre-désordre est alors à envisager. / Conductive materials with low electronic dimensionality can present some transitions toward complex electronic states as superconductivity, Spin Density Waves (SDW) and Charge Density Waves (CDW). The coexistence of several of these instabilities in the same material leads to bustling investigations on new quasi-bidimensional conductors. In this thesis, we chose to study the MonoPhosphate Tungsten Bronzes with pentagonal channels family (MPTBp), of chemical formula (PO2)4(WO3)2m ; one of the main interests of this family is the possibility to directly control the compound’s dimensionality and its carriers density by varying m value (2 ≤ m ≤ 14). In the literature, it’s been shown that some MPTBp members (m=4, 5, 6) present successive CDW states whereas others (m=10) show ferroelectric-type orders. The aim of this thesis is thus to bring into light the effect of the material’s dimensionality on the appearance and the stability of these electronic states in the MPTBp family. In this way, transport measurements, X-Rays diffraction studies of the commensurate and incommensurate modulated structures below and above each transition and inelastic scattering measurements were done on several members with even value of m. In this work we reveal the existence of a CDW state for the m=2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 members, characterized by the formation of tungsten clusters in some areas of the crystal. For the m=8 and 10 members, the CDW is accompanied by a gradual installation of an anti-ferroelectric-like ordering of the tungsten atoms displacements. A CDW depinning phenomenon was observed for the quasi-unidimensional m=2 member, which has never been reported before in the MPTBp family. A strong electron-phonon coupling was evidenced for the high terms of the family (m ≥ 8) by structural analysis, first order resistive transitions observation and by X-Rays inelastic scattering measurements. For these high terms, an order-disorder transition must be considered.

The aim of the thesis The Middle Bronze Age tumulus culture in north-western Bohemia is to contribute to a deeper understanding of the Middle Bronze Age, and generally to expand our knowledge about this field of prehistoric history of north-western region. The work is divided into three main parts. The first one deals with the analysis of settlement of the tumulus culture in Dobroměřice. The analysis focuses mainly on the findings of the various movable objects, pursuant to which the settlement is situated chronologically. Second, we focused attention on the Middle Bronze Age tombs. He created a list of 51 currently known tomb files. By far the largest space was devoted to typological-chronological analysis of the find of the Fund, both in bronze and ceramic artefacts and the findings of other materials. Based on this analysis has succeeded individual graves units classified chronologically. The theme of the final chapter is the evaluation of sites by the accumulation of all known sites of the Middle Bronze Age in the study area. With made-geographical analysis of settlement can be considered on an overall The Middle Bronze settlement in the region.

The thesis is about exploitation of groundwater in the Neolithic, Eneolithic and Bronze age in the Central Europe. Important part of work is catalog gathering findings of wells to the year 2016. All gathered data from literature are applied to the database and evaluated. Findings, evalution of structure and environment are followed up. The table of the most common types of construction is also done. Interpretation of finds is final part of work. The part of work are also map data and illustrated appendix. Key words: Central Europe; Neolithic; Eneolithic; Bronze Age; water management; water use; well; groundwater

The subject of the thesis is the description, analysis and interpretation of rock art. The first, theoretic, part is dedicated to the research strategy, documentation, dating, conservation and presentation of rock art. It also analyses the relation between rock art and landscape, since differences in how different cultures perceived the landscape led rock art creators to different perception of the environment and to different forms of creative expression. The first part of the dissertation presents approaches rock art and methods of its interpretation from the landscape, historic, sociologic, ritual, artistic and aesthetic perspective. The second part of the dissertation discusses African rock art in the Oukaïmeden Valley, set in the central part of the High Atlas in Morocco. The dissertation focuses on particular archaeologic sites, art techniques applied, distinguishing features and other specificities of the local rock art. Special attention is paid to the motifs, development changes and dating of rock art in the Oukaïmeden Valley. Rock art first appeared there in the Late Neolithic and was further developed in the Bronze Age and continued until the Libyan-Berber period. The dissertation also presents interpretation of rock art motifs including analysis of their function and meaning of their positioning...

This Master thesis deals with symbolic objects appearing in the Bronze Age Aegean art in the 3rd and especially the 2nd millennium BCE. Recurrent types of scenes and motifs speak for the fact that there must have existed a complex iconographic system of Minoan and Mycenaean art. An analytical method aiming at single elements of composite scenes may bring us closer to better understanding of this system and to its more objective interpretation. The study, therefore, focuses on the iconography of each individual symbol and also discusses its possible parallels in art of the neighbouring Bronze Age cultures. Nonetheless, the Aegean iconographic system was not strictly codified throughout the entire Bronze Age and some of the themes evolved or were specific only for certain eras. For that reason, the studied material is treated in a diachronic approach so as to stress the iconographic evolution of the symbols' use. The aim is to provide a profound analysis of the rules applied to the symbols in Minoan and Mycenaean art, to investigate their possible origins, and finally to examine their mutual interconnections.

Von 1983 bis 1993 wurden im Rahmen des DFG-Schwerpunktprogramms „Siedlungsarchäologische Untersuchungen im Alpenvorland“ spätneolithische und bronzezeitliche Ufersiedlungen am westlichen Bodensee untersucht. Botanische Untersuchungen an den archäologischen Fundplätzen und Pollenprofile aus nahegelegenen Seen und Mooren ergaben große Unterschiede zwischen spätneolithischer und bronzezeitlicher Landnutzung. Das Landnutzungsmodell für das Spätneolithikum, ein Wald-Feldbau-Verfahren mit Feuereinsatz, wird seit 1994 experimentell überprüft. Darüber hinaus wurde 2003 ein neues Projekt begonnen, in dem mehr und bessere Daten zur spätneolithischen und bronzezeitlichen Landnutzung erhoben werden sollen. Das Untersuchungsgebiet ist das Südufer des Überlinger Sees mit mehr als zwölf prähistorischen Ufersiedlungen. An diesem Seeufer und auf dem südlich anschließenden Bodanrück wurden fünf Pollenprofile entnommen. Die vorläufigen Ergebnisse bestätigen die Resultate vom Untersee und aus dem Hegau. / In the years 1983-93, the „Schwerpunktprogramm der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft ‚Siedlungsarchäologische Untersuchungen im Alpenvorland’“ studied Late neolithic and Bronze Age lake shore dwellings in the western Lake Constance region. Botanical investigations at the sites and of long-term sediment and peat profiles nearby reveal big differences between Late Neolithic and Bronze Age land use. The favoured land-use model for the Late Neolithic, a slash-and-burn system with shifting cultivation, was tested experimentally since 1994. In 2003, a new project was initiated to collect consistent environmental data about Late Neolithic and Bronze Age land use. As research area the southern shore of the Überlinger See with more than twelve Neolithic and Bronze Age lake shore dwellings was choosen. Five sites at this shore and at the adjacent Bodanrück were sampled for – offsite – pollen analysis. The preliminary pollen results seem to confirm the pollen data from the Untersee and Hegau region.

Die süddeutsche Frühbronzezeit wird im Allgemeinen aufgrund der Beigaben und Grabsitten in mehrere kleine Gruppen unterteilt, die sich voneinander abgrenzen sollen. Eine genauere Betrachtung der Gruppen unter Einbeziehung neuester Funde und Befunde läßt diese Unterteilung jedoch fragwürdig erscheinen, da sich wesentlich mehr verbindende als trennende Elemente innerhalb der Frühbronzezeit in Süddeutschland feststellen lassen, so daß eine kleinräumige Abgrenzung im herkömmlichen Sinne nicht mehr gerechtfertigt erscheint. / Generally, the Early Bronze Age in Southern Germany has been subdivided into several separate groups on the basis of grave goods and funeral practices. Upon closer examination – including the latest finds and features – this separation appears questionable. Instead, it becomes apparent that within the Early Bronze Age there are more elements, which are common to these groups than differences, which separate then. A regional separation in the traditional sense does not seem to be justified.

Im folgenden Artikel werden die Grabungsergebnisse des Gräberfeldes Battaune aus den Jahren 1974 und 1975 zusammenfassend vorgestellt. Bei dem Bestattungsplatz handelte es sich um eine spätbronzezeitliche Nekropole der Lausitzer Kultur. Soweit es trotz fehlender anthropologischer Bestimmungen des Leichenbrandes sowie der geringen Anzahl der Gräber möglich war, wurden einige Aspekte der Bestattungssitten analysiert. Abschließend wurde das sogenannte „Grab eines Schmiedes“ mit Gussformen, Kannelurenstein und Dechsel einer gesonderten Betrachtung unterzogen, um die besondere Bedeutung dieser untypischen Beigabenkombination in der Lausitzer Kultur zu erfassen. / The cemetery of Battaune was excavated in 1974 and 1975 and in this article its results are summarized. The burial site dates to the Lusatian Culture (Late Bronze Age ). Although anthropological analyses of the cremations are lacking and although only a small number of graves were excavated, some aspects of the burial customs could be analysed. Finally the so-called “burial of a smith”, which contained casting moulds, stones with cannelures and a neolithic adze, is discussed in detail in order to understand the importance of this atypical combination of burial objects of the Lusatian Culture.

The use of past archaeological survey data for examination of landscape dynamics became very popular during the last decades of the 20th century, when Geographical Information Systems analysis were introduced in archaeology. In the present thesis, past survey data from Northern Messenia’s Middle and Late Helladic periods are combined to the topography and the environment of the region. These data are examined under the GIS prism, which attempts to update our knowledge on this geographical area.             The main scope of this thesis is to examine potential settlement patterns and land use, connectivity between sites and sites’ hierarchies. In the first query, the Kernel Density analysis has been used for estimating settlements’ patterns, and to consequently estimate preference of specific topographical features for land use, such as slope. Based on the patterns formed as a result of the analysis conducted in the first query, connectivity and hierarchy between sites is being tested with the use of cost connectivity and visibility tools.             The outcome of this analysis shows that the inhabitants of the past were significantly interacting with the landscape, since they preferred to nest around the protective slopes of the Soulima and the Kyparissian valleys. The area around their settlements reveals that these inhabitants opted to cultivate in flat or marginal land, while visibility from the sites seems to be an important factor for monitoring the region. However, it has been proved that a good number of collaborating sites were required to supervise the entire territory, which disproves any hierarchical ranking between them. On the other hand, connectivity depicts potential movement over Northern Messenia’s terrain and indicates that a few sites in the heart of the study area were to be considered as panoptic meeting grounds of the eastern and the western side. In conclusion, the overall analysis reveals a potential spatial bond between sites rather than a relationship based on rivalry.