Background: As mentioned by the hoteliers in our study, the Saudi Arabian markets are not in a full usage or application of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). There have been several reviews formed by the United Nation Development Program show the efforts done by the different sectors of the country to reach the 2030 Agenda which aim for a sustainable development. Sustainability became a requirement for any business to start in the region. CS has changed the way Saudi hotels market are conducting their business a few years ago. Besides that, doing business online has also been an important factor of this change. In many cases, being sustainable might be very costly to apply to many kinds of businesses, and for that reason companies must plan well. So, the companies should take into consideration several factors that might affect their relation with their B2B customers.  Problem Discussion: There has been a huge pressure from customers and the public on companies to perform their business in an environmentally sustainable way. The increased number of hotels which led to higher competition in the region causing the companies in the hotels industry to carefully manage their B2B relationship. Second is the obligatory laws for companies to apply CS actions. Sustainable behaviors have today grown to become a compulsion to practice; however, these actions are not limited to the B2C sector of a business, CS has become a vital part of marketing strategies for business within B2B markets. In spite CS has proven to be advantageous to be practiced with B2B customers, the research on the subject has been very limited. The research and studies towards CS and CSR have been limited to B2C markets Due to the lack of enough research on the subject of being sustainability and its relationship to B2B customers, this paper will dig deep to fill this gap. Purpose:  The aim of this research paper is to uncover the hotels CS and CSR strategies that hoteliers’ practice with their B2B customers. While also considering the aspect of CS in markets where these hotels are gradually indulging into it, such as the Saudi Arabian Market. This research paper’s goal is to analyze and study different approaches for hoteliers that could be beneficial for them focused towards their business customer and guide them to gain competitive advantage and turn it into a profitable business decision through building and strengthening their relationships with their B2B customers.       Research Question:    <ol type="1"> What are the current CS strategies practiced by international five-star hotel chains situated in Saudi Arabia?   2.     How can these hotel’s CS strategies be developed and adopted to positively influence and strengthen its relationship with their B2B customers internationally?     Methodology: The authors of this study have been using qualitative method as their research approach which gave them the way in order to deeply understand the application of CS actions and its relation with the pricing strategies chosen by the companies in the hotel industry. The theory was collected from different database, and the empirical data was collected from 9 interviews within 3 hotels. The data collected was from high ranked journals. As for the type of interviews, it was semi-structured interviews. The authors used open questions to give a space to the interviewees to discuss in depth the topic of the question.  Conclusion: This study shows that within the hotel industry social sustainability dimension of CS and instrumental theories of CSR, these hotels could develop and strengthen their relationships with their B2B customers as well as suppliers. Within the academic literature CS has been categorized into three sections; environment, that actions to sustain the planet, social, that is working for the welfare of the people and lastly economical that is the financial benefits gained from CS activities. In this study, the authors concluded that the international five-star hotel chains residing within Saudi Arabia have not been actively working toward their CS and CSR behaviors.

Bakgrund: Vikten av mer bundna business-to-business-relationer från leverantörsidan är vida erkänd. Det är dock inte självklart att kunden i en B2B-relation strävar efter samma mål som leverantören i detta anseende. Kunden påverkas av faktorer i mer bundna och mer obundna relationer och måste förhålla sig till dessa samtidigt som de navigerar i sina leverantörsrelationer för att försöka åtnjuta fördelarna med både lång- och kortsiktighet. Syfte: Att förstå hur B2B-kunder hanterar och navigerar i B2B-relationer för att åtnjuta fördelar med både mer bundna och mer obundna B2B-relationer. Metod: Studien har använt en kvalitativ ansats och en deduktiv metod där en teoribas lagts fram. Sedan har tre ostrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med personer som på företag ansvarar för, hanterar eller beslutar om företagets leverantörsrelationer. Slutsats: Studien visar bland annat att: (1) Kunder kan erhålla mer frihet genom att vara mer bundna med sina leverantörer. (2) Kunder har flera relationer med samma leverantör där det inte är möjligt att uppnå bundna och obundna fördelar med enbart en relation till leverantören. (3) Kunder inte eftersträvar fullständig organisatorisk bundenhet eller obundenhet utan att istället åtnjuta fördelarna med att positionera sig däremellan. Kunder önskar ramarna av en mer bunden relation och samtidigt vara i stånd att inom dessa ramar röra sig mer fritt, likt en mer obunden relation; en slags gyllene medelväg.

The competitive electricity market faces low margins while the energy transition entails volatile electricity prices and major risks in the market. Along with these problems, there are challenges in optimizing energy portfolios, as they are based on maximized return and minimized risks. Portfolio managers handle electricity contracts for customers with the aim of offering competitive electricity contracts and at the same time achieving profit. This study therefore aims to investigate how electricity trading companies can optimize the energy portfolio for corporate customers in the Swedish electricity market. In addition, it is analyzed how these companies can adapt portfolio optimization to the challenges of the electricity market and what kind of digital systems are needed to support portfolio optimization. Previous studies in the subject have mainly focused on a quantitative approach. In this study on the other hand, a qualitative method is used. This in order to use interviews, models and theories to investigate how electricity trading companies can optimize the portfolio for their corporate customers. The study is divided into an empirical part that includes interviews with 12 electricity trading companies, as well as a theoretical part. The theoretical part deals with theories for risk management, including portfolio optimization, price hedging with electricity derivatives and the Risk Management Payoff model. In addition, the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) model is included, with the aim of strengthening relationships. The theoretical framework has been used to analyze the empirical data of the study and has resulted in conclusions that answer the research questions. The results show that in order to achieve energy portfolio optimization, futures contract is the derivative that provides the lowest risk and can be used as the optimal hedging tool. For larger corporate customers, however, forward contract is a more suitable hedging tool. This is because larger customers prefer to secure monthly contracts, rather than daily settled contracts with futures. To support portfolio management with electricity contracts, there is a need for support systems. Electricity trading companies are in need of a common system for both financial and physical trading to enable easier management. In addition, security functions in systems as well as more informative and customer-friendly systems are of interest. Portfolio optimization is customer centric, thus a strong relationship between portfolio manager and customer, with good trust and reputation, is important. Finally, adaptation in portfolio management with diversification and automation with AI, can be a way to achieve competitiveness in the electricity market also in the future.

The general aim of my diploma thesis was to create a business concept of facilities of hunting tourism in the Pilsner region. Klatovské rybářství, a.s. was selected as a cooperative company, which deals with agricultural activities, especially fish and poultry breeding. The company operates some services of hunting tourism, but it is not the main field. The thesis will serve as a manual for "non-experts" who are interested in expanding their range of travel services. The resulting business concept will consequently be presented to the management of the company in order to demonstrate how the company can further develop. While writing this thesis I got several perspectives on the issue of hunting tourism in the area. The first view was provided by the existing clients of the company who filled in questionnaires which were designed to determine their interest in these services. In addition, three representatives were selected from age groups who were asked for ideas about how the device should look. Another view was obtained through an interview with the director of the company and the employee responsible for the current planning and management of hunting activities. Next view on the issue of hunting tourism, which should be independent, was provided by an employee of Infocentre Bor. Here it was revealed that hunting tourism is not popular with everyone and that it is a rather controversial topic. However, we can say that if done correctly and with concern for the countryside, it can bring many benefits to the given region. These include attracting visitors of other segments of the society, the development of the region, expansion of tourism services and expansion of cooperation between entrepreneurs. Last view was represented by my own experience that I gained during working participation in hunting tourism events. At the beginning of my diploma thesis I determined three working hypotheses. All available resources helped me to evaluate the present circumstances and I can confirm all three hypotheses. The general aim was to create a business concept of facilities of hunting tourism in the Pilsner region. I was able to realize the general aim thanks to the cooperation with the company and by means of utilizing all available information. Now the diploma thesis will be handed over to the management for consideration and possible implementation

Bakgrund: Inom företagssektorn prioriteras sociala- och miljömässiga hållbarhetsaspekter i större utsträckning vid utvärdering av nya och befintliga leverantörer. Leverantörer är i behov av att uppfylla kriterier från B2B-kunder varvid en hållbarhetsstrategi kan vara fördelaktig att verka utefter. Brewmaster vill konkurrera genom hållbar och spårbart framtagen malt, vilket förutsätter legitimitet samt uppfyllelse av potentiella bryggeriers hållbarhetskrav. Problematiken grundas i bristande transparens inom bryggeribranschen, begränsad insikt gällande vilka hållbarhetskrav som ställs av B2B-kunder kunder samt Brewmasters avsaknad av en hållbarhetsstrategi. Syfte: Syftet är att identifiera vilka kravställningar Brewmasters potentiella B2B-kunder kunder ställer på kommande partnerskap samt hur Brewmaster utifrån ett leverantörs- perspektiv, kan tillfredsställa dessa krav. Vidare granskas vilka konkurrensfördelar Brewmaster kan uppnå genom att arbeta utifrån ett strategiskt hållbart perspektiv inom hela organisationen. Metod: Utifrån en kvalitativ fallstudie med en deduktiv ansats har primärdata insamlats via ostrukturerade - samt semistrukturerade intervjuer. Primärdata har kompletterats av sekundär- data från bryggeriers hållbarhetsrapporter, litteratur, hemsidor samt vetenskapliga artiklar, vilket har analyserats i relation till det empiriska materialet för att besvara studiens frågeställningar. Slutsats: Brewmaster behöver säkerställa ett proaktivt och kontinuerligt hållbarhetsarbete som inbegriper upprätthållande av riktlinjer och policys. Hållbarhetskraven som ställs innefattar produktkvalitet och säkerhet, ett hållbart ansvarstagande genom resurseffektivitet och minimering av avfall. Vidare framgår ett behov av att integrera en hållbarhetsstrategi för att uppnå ökad legitimitet, marknadsandelar och konkurrenskraft på marknaden. Det kan medföra ökad betalningsvilja hos konsumenter samt utveckling av relationer med intressenter, där kostnads- och konkurrensfördelar skapas samt långsiktiga partnerskap. Vidare kan dessa fördelar differentiera företaget vilket kan generera konkurrensfördelar på marknaden. Studiens bidrag: Resultatet kan vara av praktisk nytta för andra företag inom likartade branscher i form av riktlinjer för hur en hållbarhetsstrategi kan förbättra verksamhetens konkurrensfördelar, samt hur ett hållbart agerande kan möjliggöra potentiella samarbeten. Teoretiskt bidrar studien med en djupare förståelse för samverkan mellan B2B-kunder och leverantörer, där studiens resultat öppnar upp för vidare diskussion gällande hållbart ansvarstagande inom försörjningskedjan samt värdet av transparens mellan intressenter. / Background: Social and environmental sustainability is increasingly prioritized when choosing a supplier in the corporate sector. This presupposes the suppliers meet the extended requirements of the B2B customers and thereby it can be beneficial to create a sustainability strategy. The malt house Brewmaster strives to compete through sustainable and traceable malt, which requires them to achieve legitimacy in the industry and fulfillment of desirable breweries' sustainability requirements. The issues that can accure for Brewmaster is, limitations to see the depts of wich significant environmental requirements potential B2B customers seek, and Brewmaster's lack of a sustainability strategy. Purpose: Identify which requirements Brewmasters' potential B2B customers demand on future partnerships and how Brewmaster, from a supplier perspective, satisfy these requirements. Furthermore, the study examines competitive advantages Brewmaster can achieve by working from a strategically sustainable perspective throughout the organization. Method: Based on a qualitative case study with a deductive approach, primary data has been collected via unstructured - as well as semi-structured interviews. It has been supplemented by secondary data from breweries' sustainability reports, literature, websites, and scientific articles, which have been analyzed into the empirical material to answer the study's questions. Conclusion: Brewmaster needs proactive and continuous sustainability work which includes maintaining guidelines and policies. The sustainability requirements contains product quality and safety, resource efficiency, and minimization of waste. Additionally, there is a need to integrate a sustainability strategy to achieve increased legitimacy, market shares, and competitiveness in the market. This can generate increased willingness to pay among consumers and develop relationships with stakeholders, where cost and competitive advantages are created as well as long-term partnerships. Furthermore, these advantages can differentiate the company, which can entail competitive advantages in the line of business. Contribution: The results of the study can be practically useful for other companies in similar industries. Due to the form of guidelines for how a sustainability strategy can improve the business's competitive advantages, and enable potential collaborations. Theoretically, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of collaboration between B2B customers and suppliers, where the results open for further discussion regarding sustainable responsibility in the supply chain and the value of transparency between stakeholders.

Background and discussion of the problem: At present, it is not possible to compare the greenhouse gas emissions in the third-party logistics sector on an equal basis, as there are different methods of calculating greenhouse gas emissions to be applied to third-party logistics companies. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to highlight the challenges that arise for the 3PL company and its business-to-business customers when there are different greenhouse gas emission calculation methods available for application. Method: A qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with the 3PL company, the government agency, and three business-to-business customers. In addition, a text analysis of five different third-party logistics companies was conducted.  Conclusion: The study has determined that the current calculation methods are insufficient as individual calculation methods and are not suitable for comparison. As a result, inequity in the third-party logistics industry is likely to persist, as third-party logistics companies may report distorted results. The study also shows that when third-party logistics providers are unsure about which calculating method to use, their business-to-business customers are impacted.  The study contributes to practical usefulness as the 3PL company gains a clearer insight into how other stakeholders relate to the different calculation methods, which is also relevant for other third-party logistics companies. The study has also contributed to theoretical usefulness through several different articles, creating an extended theoretical availability for the third-party logistics industry. / Bakgrund och problemdiskussion: För närvarande går det inte att likställt jämföra växthusgasutsläpp inom tredjepartslogistikbranschen, eftersom det finns olika beräkningsmetoder av växthusgasutsläpp att tillämpa för tredjepartslogistikföretagen.  Syfte: Studiens syfte är att belysa utmaningar som uppstår för 3PL företaget och dess business-to-business kunder när det finns olika beräkningsmetoder av växthusgasutsläpp att tillämpa. Metod: En kvalitativ studie har genomförts genom semi-strukturerad intervjustudie med 3PL företaget, myndigheten och tre business-to-business kunder. Samt har en textanalys på fem olika tredjepartslogistikföretag genomförts.  Slutsats: Studien fastställer att de beräkningsmetoder som tillhandahålls idag inte lämpar sig för jämförande och är otillräckliga som enskilda beräkningsmetoder. Slutsatsen av detta är att orättvisan inom tredjepartslogistikbranschen kommer kvarstå då tredjepartslogistikföretagen kan redovisa förvrängda resultat. Studien fastställer även att tredjepartslogistikföretagens business-to-business kunder påverkas när tredjepartslogistikföretagen känner sig osäkra kring valet av beräkningsmetod. Studien bidrar till praktisk användbarhet då 3PL företaget får en klarare insyn i hur andra intressenter förhåller sig till de olika beräkningsmetoderna, vilket även är relevant för andra tredjepartslogistikföretag. Studien har även bidragit till teoretisk användbarhet genom att användning av flera olika artiklar skapat en utökad teoretisk tillgänglighet inom tredjepartslogistikbranschen.