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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Integração, ciclos e finanças domesticas : o Brasil na globalização financeira / Integration, cycles and domestic financial relations : Brazil and the financial globalization

Biancarelli, André Martins, 1978- 11 December 2007 (has links)
Orientador: Ricardo de Medeiros Carneiro / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T20:45:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Biancarelli_AndreMartins_D.pdf: 3105941 bytes, checksum: 652e1c5e727498868f7b28fd435cbf61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Este trabalho se enquadra na ampla temática da integração dos países periféricos à globalização financeira, e tem como objetivo específico analisar os seus impactos não apenas sobre as contas externas da economia brasileira, mas também sobre as relações financeiras domésticas. O movimento que se procura fazer é de dupla natureza: revisitar, em uma primeira parte, o debate teórico (na sua vertente convencional de maneira crítica; em suas variantes alternativas na busca de explicações mais satisfatórias) e, na segunda, descrever de maneira ampla e detalhada a realidade concreta no período aqui julgado mais relevante (a partir da década de 1990). Dentro da concepção mais ampla de que a abertura financeira e a delegação das responsabilidades do financiamento às forças de mercado não constituem a estratégia de longo prazo mais adequada para o país, a tese defendida aqui pode assim ser resumida: a submissão das finanças locais aos ciclos internacionais de liquidez (que sintetizam o caráter da ordem monetária e financeira contemporânea) fica muito aquém de resolver as nossas deficiências históricas neste campo ¿ sobretudo porque a ligação parece ser feita preferencialmente por meio do mercado de capitais. Ao contrário, mesmo que não resulte em crises ou maiores dificuldades, parece reforçar alguns dos mecanismos que dificultam a retomada do desenvolvimento em bases sustentáveis / Abstract: This thesis faces the broad issue of peripheral countries integration to the financial globalization, and the specific goal is to analyze its effects to external situation of Brazilian economy, as well as to domestic financial relations. The work is concerned, in a first part, with the theoretical debate (in its conventional variants with a critical focus; in the alternative literature looking for better explanations). In a second part, the aim is to describe the events in the period since the 1990s. Coherent with the broad conception against the financial openness and total freedom to market forces as the better way to economic development to a country like Brazil, the main idea of the thesis could be summarized as follows: the submission of domestic financial relations to international liquidity cycles (which manifest the negative characteristics of contemporary financial and monetary order) does not solve our historical handicaps in this field ¿ mainly because the link have been done mostly by way of the capital markets. On the contrary, this link, even without crisis or other difficulties, seems to reinforce some of the mechanisms that hinder the recapture of the Brazilian sustainable development / Doutorado / Teoria Economica / Doutor em Ciências Econômicas
62

Liberalização da conta de capitais : evolução e evidências para o caso brasileiro recente (1990-2005)

Laan, Cesar Rodrigues van der January 2006 (has links)
O presente trabalha busca avaliar o processo de liberalização da conta capital em implementação no Brasil a partir da década de 1990, através da pesquisa nos trabalhos já registrados na literatura internacional (capítulo 2), associada a uma abordagem empírica própria (capítulo 4). Utiliza-se de dois índices independentes para avaliar o comportamento do setor externo da economia (ICC, de jure, e IAF, de facto), e, assim, realizar maiores inferências econométricas sobre tal processo, somando-se às iniciativas anteriores em compreender os vínculos entre a abertura financeira e o desempenho macroeconômico nos países em desenvolvimento em geral, e no Brasil, em particular. Nesse sentido, identificou-se a ampliação do grau de conversibilidade da conta capital do País no período 1990-2005 (capítulo 3) sem, entretanto, se verificar uma evidência de geração de benefícios em termos de crescimento econômico e de redução de volatilidade macroeconômica, nos termos apontados nos exercícios econométricos – o IAF chega, inclusive, a apontar uma relação robusta do aumento dos fluxos financeiros com uma maior oscilação da taxa de câmbio. Os resultados apresentados vão ao encontro da tendência predominante na literatura internacional, qual seja, de que não se consegue estabelecer uma relação causal positiva e robusta entre liberalização financeira e crescimento econômico. No mesmo sentido, a experiência brasileira na liberalização financeira, capturada pela evolução do ICC e do IAF, parece estar vinculada a um aumento na taxa de juros, e não a sua redução. Esses resultados confirmam a hipótese de que a integração de um país em desenvolvimento aos fluxos de capitais internacionais leva à necessidade de práticas de juros mais altas para atraí-los e os manter no País. Conclui-se pela conveniência de um grau ótimo de exposição dos países periféricos aos fluxos de capitais internacionais, controlando riscos e proporcionando avanços econômicos, sobretudo contando com um gerenciamento prudencial da conta capital por parte das autoridades monetárias. / The present study seeks to investigate the dynamics of capital account liberalization in implementation in Brazil since the 1990’s, analyzing previous papers on international literature (chapter 2), associated with an empirical framework, based on a vector autoregressive (VAR) method (chapter 4). It’s used two independents index as proxies in order to evaluate the behavior of external sector of the economy (ICC, de jure, and IAF, de facto), and, hence, make the econometric inferences about such process. In general terms, the aim is to contribute by comprehending the relation between financial openness and macroeconomic performance in developing countries, in general, and specifically in Brazil. For such, the task identified the broadening of capital account convertibility in the period 1990-2005 (chapter 3), without verifying evidences on benefits such as economic growth or reduction of macroeconomic volatile, according to the econometric exercises – IAF, indeed, supports a strong relation between the increase of financial flows with a greater variability on exchange terms. The empirical findings are similar to those predominant on international literature, i.e., that it does not exist a positive and strong association between financial liberalization and economic growth. In fact, brazilian experience on financial liberalization, measured by the ICC and IAF, seems to be related to an increase on interest rates, and not on its reduction, as could be supposed, which confirm the hypothesis that integration of a developing country to international capital flows creates the necessity of higher interest rates to attract and maintain then in a country. We conclude for the convenience of an optimum exposition of periphery economies to international capital flows, through a prudent management of capital account by the monetary authorities, controlling associated risks while permitting economic advances.
63

Políticas cambial e monetária = os dilemas enfrentados por países emissores de moedas periféricas / Exchange rate and monetary policies : the dilemmas faced by peripheral currencies countries

Conti, Bruno Martarello de, 1982- 18 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Daniela Magalhães Prates / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T04:15:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Conti_BrunoMartarellode_D.pdf: 3500035 bytes, checksum: ceb5824c5c7603d7f2b438d37029341f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Países periféricos apresentam especificidades na dinâmica de suas taxas de câmbio e juros e na condução de sua política econômica que nem sempre são consideradas pela teoria econômica ortodoxa. Defende-se nesta tese que as ditas especificidades decorrem preponderantemente de uma assimetria característica da configuração econômica global, a assimetria monetária. O Sistema Monetário Internacional é hierarquizado, segundo a capacidade das moedas nacionais de exercerem suas funções clássicas em âmbito internacional. De acordo com o exercício (ou não exercício) de suas funções no cenário internacional, as moedas são (ou não) detentoras do que se chama nesta tese de "liquidez da divisa". E a liquidez internacional das moedas tem influência direta sobre as características de sua demanda. No caso das moedas periféricas (ilíquidas em âmbito internacional) essa demanda exige um prêmio pela iliquidez da moeda (ou do ativo denominado nessa moeda), que determina uma taxa de juros mais elevada do que aquela verificada nos países centrais. Adicionalmente, essa demanda apresenta uma maior sensibilidade ao estado de confiança dos agentes globais (ou à preferência internacional pela liquidez), influenciando o grau de estabilidade dos fluxos de capitais que se dirigem a esses países. Sendo instáveis, esses fluxos exercem uma pressão que tende a aumentar a volatilidade das taxas de câmbio dos respectivos países e, em função da importância dessa taxa para a economia nacional, a engendrar importantes problemas para o manejo da política econômica / Abstract: Peripheral countries have a specific dynamics on their exchange and interest rates and on the conduction of their economic policy that are sometimes not considered by orthodox economic theory. This thesis proposes that these specificities originate mainly from an asymmetry that characterizes global economic configuration, the monetary asymmetry. The International Monetary System is hierarchised according to the ability of each national currency to fulfil classical money functions in the international sphere. Actually, it is the use (or non use) of a currency at the supranational level that determines if it possesses (or not) what is named in this thesis the "foreign exchange liquidity". And the liquidity of a currency or an asset denominated on this currency settles the characteristics of the demand for it. For peripheral currencies, this demand requires a prime for the illiquidity (in the international arena) of the currency (or asset), determining that their interest rates are usually higher than the ones verified in the central countries. Additionally, this demand have a higher sensibility to the global agents' confidence level (or to the "international liquidity preference"), influencing the stability of the capital that flows to these countries. Being unstable, these flows create a pressure over the exchange rates volatility, bringing about important difficulties on the conduction of national economic policies due to the centrality of these rates to the peripheral countries / Doutorado / Teoria Economica / Doutor em Ciências Econômicas
64

Currency Board et mouvements de capitaux dans une petite économie ouverte : modélisation en Equilibre Général Calculable appliquée à Djibouti / Currency Board and capital flows in a small open economy : computable general equilibrium modeling applied to Djibouti

Aman, Moustapha 08 December 2016 (has links)
Le Currency Board est un régime de change dont la recherche de la stabilité et la crédibilité monétaire fonde la régulation non pas sur une action discrétionnaire de la Banque Centrale mais sur un mécanisme d’ajustement supposé être automatique : la dynamique de l’offre monétaire suit la dynamique des réserves en devises étrangères. Cette thèse s’intéresse à l’expérience djiboutienne pour étudier le fonctionnement d’un Currency Board. La République de Djibouti possède l’unique Currency Board existant sur le continent Africain depuis 1949. Sa longévité dans un contexte de libre circulation des capitaux offre une expérience unique et extrêmement riche d’enseignements. La résilience du secteur bancaire intégralement détenu par l’étranger, les facteurs institutionnels et géopolitiques et les pratiques monétaires informelles (hawala) expliquent cette longévité. Par exemple, sans les transferts hawalas, il n’existe pas une relation univoque à long terme entre la balance des paiements et la base monétaire. L’interaction du secteur formel et informel permet d’obtenir un équilibre macro-monétaire.Une étude statique de l’ajustement d’un modèle d’équilibre général calculable financier (MEGC) comprenant le secteur informel montre que les entrées supplémentaires en devises peuvent être à l’origine d’une accumulation illimitée de réserves en devises étrangères et conduisent à une modification de l’équilibre entre le secteur marchand et non marchand. / The Currency Board is an exchange system in which the search for stability and monetary credibility is not based on a discretionary regulation of the Central Bank but on an adjustment mechanism assumed to be automatic: the dynamics of money supply follow the dynamics of foreign exchange reserves. This thesis focuses on the Djibouti experiment to study the functioning of a Currency Board. The Republic of Djibouti has the only existing Currency Board on the African continent since 1949. His longevity in a context of free movement of capital offers a unique and extremely valuable lesson. The resilience of institutional and geopolitical factors fully owned by foreign banking, and informal monetary practices (hawala transfers) explain this longevity. For instance, without the hawala transfers, there is no unambiguous relationship between the long-term dynamics of the balance of payments and the monetary base. The interaction of formal and informal sector provides a macro-monetary balance and stability.A static study of the fit of a general equilibrium (CGE) including the informal sector shows that the additional entries in currencies can be the source of an unlimited accumulation of foreign reserves and lead to a change in the balance between tradable and non-tradable sector.
65

Přímé zahraniční investice v zemích střední a východní Evropy na počátku nového tisíciletí / Foreign Direct Investment in Central and Eastern Europe at the Beginning of New Millenium

Mezerová, Veronika January 2007 (has links)
Thesis is focusing on trends in foreign direct investment flows and stocks in Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia break down by country and activity. The main data analysis is for years 2000 - 2006. Recent trends from 2007 till H1 2009 are mentioned only in terms of total flows and stocks.
66

Capital Flows and Trade in an Integrated World

Eisenschmidt, Jens 14 November 2005 (has links)
The world we live in is increasingly integrated. For the work of economists, increasing international integration bears a significant importance. The present thesis is essentially a work on International Economics. As such it is no exception in that it consists of different chapters, all of which address different issues in the field. The first two chapters are theoretical in nature, whereas the third is empirical. The last chapter provides a technical reference to mathematical problems encountered in the first chapter. The first chapter is concerned with one of the negative effect of international trade: terms-of-trade uncertainty. It asks (and answers) the question why economic agents in practice fail to (completely) hedge away foreign price uncertainty in the presence of well-developed forward markets, even though theoretically they should obtain a full-hedge. The second chapter explores some of the effects international capital flows bring to a country that opens up its capital account. The third chapter describes the evolution of international capital flows and trade flows over that last decade. The last chapter is concerned with the existence of explicit demand schedules under expected utility maximization when the random variable is nonlinearly transformed. / Die Welt in der wir leben ist durch zunehmende Integration in fast allen Bereichen des Lebens gekennzeichnet. In der ökonomischen Sphäre wird diese zunehmende Integration auch oft mit dem Begriff Globalisierung beschrieben. Zwei Hauptmerkmale der Globalisierung sind dabei zunehmende internationale Kapital- und Handelsströme. Die vorliegende Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit ausgesuchten Teilaspekten dieser Phänomene. "Warum sichern sich die Wirtschaftssubjekte in der Praxis nur unvollständig gegenüber Wechselkursrisiken ab, obwohl sie theoretisch eine vollständige Absicherung wählen sollten?", "Welchen Einfluß hat die Herkunft von Kapital auf die Ökonomie?" sowie "Wie ist der empirische Befund zur Entwicklung von Handels- und Kapitalströmen in der letzten Dekade?" sind Fragen denen die vorliegende Arbeit nachgeht. Ein Kapitel mit Ergebnissen zur Existenz von expliziten Nachfragefunktionen unter Erwartungsnutzenmaximierung bei zugrundeliegender nichtlinearer Transformation der Zufallsvariablen (eine Fragestellung die im Rahmen der Bearbeitung von Kapitel 1 auftaucht) beschliesst die Arbeit.
67

Three Essays on the Time-Series Analysis of Politics, Capital Flows and Macroeconomic Policymaking

Akcelik, Yasin 28 July 2011 (has links)
No description available.
68

[en] THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CAPITAL INFLOWS CONTROLS IN BRAZIL / [pt] A EFICÁCIA DOS CONTROLES DE ENTRADA DE CAPITAIS NO BRASIL

BERNARDO SOARES DE MIRANDA CARVALHO 31 October 2005 (has links)
[pt] Esta dissertação analisa a eficácia dos controles de entrada de capitais em restringir e selecionar fluxos financeiros internacionais. A maior contribuição é o foco nas elisões dos controles realizadas pelo mercado financeiro e seus efeitos limitadores na eficácia das restrições ao capital de curto prazo. Primeiro, apresentamos uma abordagem teórica da questão, discutindo como o controle deveria ser implementado. O modelo tem um arcabouço simples e considera dois tipos de investidores: paciente e impaciente. O primeiro (que se deseja atrair) tem maior interesse no retorno de longo prazo e o segundo (que não se deseja atrair) dá maior valor a ganhos de curto prazo. Mostramos que se o diferencial de juros é endógeno à fixação dos controles, e não há possibilidades de elisão das regulações, então pode ser concebido um mecanismo de taxação à entrada de capitais que induz à opção de investir a longo prazo para ambos os investidores, na ausência de crises de confiança. Se vier a se realizar uma probabilidade de default maior que a esperada pelo agente, o investimento será revertido, a não ser que seja oferecido um maior diferencial de taxa de juros. Controles ex-post de saída de capitais também poderiam evitar a reversão do investimento, entretanto, nós não consideramos esta possibilidade devido à grande perda de reputação que ela acarreta. Se o diferencial de taxa de juros for exógeno, como é tipicamente o caso relevante no Brasil, podemos ter um incentivo ao investidor disfarçar seu capital como se fosse de longo prazo mesmo quando já espera sacar no curto prazo. Prosseguimos a análise focando o impacto da capacidade de elisão dos controles pelo mercado. Incorporamos no modelo a elisão às restrições de entrada, mostrando que isto elimina a eficácia dos controles de capitais. Em verdade, as taxas do controle de capitais são determinadas pelo mercado, e então, quanto mais desenvolvido e sofisticado o mercado financeiro do país for, mais ativos substitutos e operações de engenharia financeira podem ser usados para circundar os controles. Fundamentamos nossas conclusões relatando diversas operações de elisão de controles de capitais dos anos noventa, que deixam claro a dificuldade de implementar de facto os controles de capitais. Terminamos a dissertação com uma análise econométrica sobre a duração da eficácia dos controels, via a estimação funções de reposta a impulso. Os resultados indicam que os controles de capitais têm apenas entre dois a seis meses de eficácia em restringir os influxos de capitais financeiros, corroborando a análise dos casos relatados de elisão dos controles. / [en] This thesis analyses the effectiveness of capital inflows controls in changing the size and composition of international financial flows. The major contribution is the focus on capital controls circumvention by the financial market and its limiting impacts on the effectiveness of short-run capital flows restrictions. At first, it is presented a theoretical approach to the question, discussing how it should be implemented. The model has a simple framework and considers two types of financial investors: patient and impatient. The first is more interested in long run returns, and the last gives more value for short run gains. We show that if the interest rate differential is endogenous to the controls fixation, and there is no possibility of regulations´ circumvention, then could be arranged a capital entrance tax scheme that induces the long run investment option for both investors, in absence of a confidence crisis. In occurrence of a higher probability of default than expected by the agent, the investment will be reverted unless higher interest rate differential is provided. Ex-post outflows capital controls could also avoid the investment reversion, nevertheless, we do not consider it here. If the interest rate differential is exogenous, which is typically the relevant case in Brazil, we might see an incentive to the investor to rename its capital as long run even when she expects to reverse the investment in the short run. We continue the analysis focusing the impact of the capacity of capital controls elision by the market. We incorporate in the model the circumvention of the entrance restrictions, showing that it ruins the capital controls effectiveness. In fact, the taxes of the capital controls are really determined by the market, and therefore, as more developed and sophisticated the financial market of the country is, more substitute assets and engineer financial operations can be used to circumvent the control. We underpin our conclusions describing several capital controls elisions operations in Brazil during the nineties, which make clear the difficulties of capital controls de facto implementation. We finish the dissertation with an impulse response function analyses, that indicates that the capital controls have only between two to six months of effectiveness in restricting financial capital inflows.
69

Flux de capitaux étrangers, institutions et croissance soutenable dans les pays en développement / Foreign Capital Flows, Institutions and Sustainable Growth in Developing Countries

Trabelsi, Mohamed 16 December 2016 (has links)
Cette thèse est un ensemble de quatre essais indépendants sur la réforme du compte capital dans les pays en développement. Le premier essai analyse théoriquement les effets de la libéralisation du compte capital sur la croissance à long terme en présence de corruption dans le secteur public. Le résultat principal est que la corruption réduit la croissance, en présence d’ouverture financière, à cause de son effet négatif sur l'épargne étrangère. Le deuxième essai examine le lien entre le développement financier et la libéralisation des flux de capitaux pour un échantillon de 90 pays développés et en développement durant la période 1980-2009. Les résultats mettent en évidence le rôle des institutions et l'importance du secteur privé comme conditions pré-requises pour un effet positif de la réforme du compte capital sur le secteur financier. Le troisième essai s’intéresse à la causalité entre la libéralisation des flux de capitaux et la croissance, en utilisant l'approche de Toda et Yamamoto, pour un échantillon de six pays émergents durant la période 1975-2011. Les résultats indiquent une causalité directe allant de la libéralisation du compte capital à la croissance, surtout dans les pays qui ont mis en œuvre des réformes macroéconomiques profondes. Le dernier essai étudie les effets de la libéralisation financière externe sur les variables macroéconomiques en Turquie au cours de la période 1989-2009, en utilisant des données trimestrielles et un modèle VAR. Les résultats indiquent que les flux de capitaux ont des effets variables sur l'économie turque avant et après la crise de 2001, avec surtout des effets positifs sur l’environnement macroéconomique après la crise. / This thesis is a set of four independent essays on the reforms of capital accounts in developing countries. The first essay analyses theoretically the effects of capital account liberalization on long run growth in presence of corruption in the public sector. The main result is that corruption lowers growth opportunities, when the capital account is open, because of its negative effect on foreign savings. The second essay investigates empirically the nexus between financial development and free capital flows using a sample of 90 developed and developing countries over the period 1980-2009. The findings highlight the role of institutional framework and the importance of the private sector as pre-requisites for a significant effect of capital account reform on the financial sector. The third essay sheds light on the causal relationship between free capital movements and economic growth, using the Toda and Yamamoto’s approach, for a selected sample of six emerging countries over the period 1975-2011. The results point out a direct causal relationship going from capital account liberalization to economic growth especially in countries that have implemented deep macroeconomic reforms. The last essay investigates the effects of external financial liberalization on macroeconomic variables in Turkey during the period 1989-2009 using quarterly data within a VAR framework. The findings indicate that capital flows have varying effects on the Turkish economy before and after the crisis of 2001. The evidence supports, particularly, significant effects of freeing financial flows on macroeconomic performance, during the post-crisis period.
70

Influência do Sistema Monetário Internacional na condução da política cambial brasileira: de 1980 a 2000

Carbonari, Frederico Moreira 12 March 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Frederico Moreira Carbonari.pdf: 1291956 bytes, checksum: 057c7dcd0f41c9506a24d6fcb52e76c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-12 / This study aims to analyze the International Monetary and Financial System influence exercised in the conduction of the economic policy in Brazil from 1980 to 2000, with emphasis on exchange rate policy, mostly because of its great importance as a key price for the economy. The study demonstrates how the hegemonic nation had manipulated the currency use as a way to dominate the other countries of the system and submit them to its behalf. By evidencing the differences between the periods of crisis and the adjustment at the conduction of economic policy against the dollar policy in the period, it becomes clear the Brazilian dependence on the leader currency of the International Monetary System. It can be concluded that this dependence is closely related with the country's vulnerability to the international capital flows, thus showing, how the Brazilian exchange rate policy became subordinated to the policy and interests of the nation which owns the international reserve currency / Este trabalho se propõe a analisar a influência que o Sistema Monetário e Financeiro Internacional exerceu na condução da política econômica brasileira de 1980 a 2000, com destaque para a política cambial, sobretudo devido a sua grande importância como preço-chave para a economia. O trabalho mostra como a nação hegemônica manipulou a utilização de sua moeda como forma de dominar os demais países do sistema e submetê-los aos seus interesses. Ao fazer a contraposição dos períodos de crise e ajuste da condução da política econômica brasileira, vis-à-vis a política do dólar no período, fica clara a dependência brasileira em relação à moeda líder do Sistema Monetário Internacional. Pode-se concluir que essa dependência está intimamente ligada com a vulnerabilidade da economia brasileira em relação aos fluxos internacionais de capitais, mostrando, assim, como a política cambial brasileira ficou sujeita a política e aos interesses da nação proprietária da moeda de reserva internacional

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