Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:38:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria de Fatima Alves Aguiar Carvalho.pdf: 1613579 bytes, checksum: 6ece82ea3f609db533ae54b1937ddb5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-28 / A dependência do álcool há muito deixou de ser vista como problema de natureza individual, passando a ser concebida como um grave problema de saúde pública, cujas repercussões negativas cada vez mais volumosas podem ser constatadas em diversos setores da sociedade. Suas implicações sociais, psicológicas, econômicas e políticas são enormes e devem ser consideradas na sua forma global. O presente trabalho é um estudo descritivo e exploratório, desenvolvido na perspectiva qualitativa, que investigou as expectativas dos familiares de alcoolista acerca das intervenções do CAPS ad de Petrolina-PE, em diversos estágios de tratamento. Foram entrevistados integrantes de 09 famílias nucleares que convivem com membro alcoolista, o que incluiu as 9 esposas desses alcoolistas e 17 de seus filhos(as). Essas famílias representam três grupos, cada um deles constituído por três famílias. O primeiro grupo é composto por familiares de usuários ingressantes (com até 3 meses de tratamento). O segundo grupo é composto por familiares de usuários intermediários (aqueles que estão em tratamento por período entre 7 e 10 meses). O terceiro grupo reúne familiares de usuários veteranos em termos de vínculo com o CAPS ad (aqueles que estão em tratamento há mais de um ano). A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada individual. Na análise dos dados obtidos foram empregados procedimentos de análise de conteúdo. Verificou-se que nas famílias estudadas, as expectativas dos familiares que aderiram às atividades realizadas pelo CAPS ad se revelaram predominantemente positivas. Com o passar do tempo em que o alcoolista continua no tratamento, essas expectativas foram se fortalecendo, pois nesses casos passou a existir a abstenção ou um padrão de beber eventual, sob controle, sendo minimizados os danos decorrentes do beber abusivo (que podem ser diferentes em cada caso, ainda que alguns aspectos sejam verificados em todas as famílias). Entre as nove famílias participantes, houve apenas uma que demonstrou não acreditar na recuperação do dependente. Conclui-se que em função da diversidade de fatores que afetam a vida pessoal, familiar e social do alcoolista, das limitações que as famílias encontram para lidar com a questão em seu próprio âmbito, e considerando o fato de que a percepção dessas famílias sobre a atuação do CAPS ad é bastante positiva, pode ser um caminho promissor pensar em ações intersetoriais de atenção integral, articuladas com vários segmentos da sociedade, possibilitando assim a formação de uma rede de atenção com capacidade resolutiva ampliada. / Alcohol dependence has long ceased to be seen as a problem of individual nature, but should be conceived as a serious public health problem, whose increasingly voluminous negative repercussions can be seen in various sectors of society. Its social, psychological, economic and political implications are enormous and must be considered globally. The present paper is a descriptive study, developed on a qualitative perspective, which investigated the expectations of family members of alcoholics about the operations of CAPS ad in several stages of treatment. Nine members of nuclear families living with an alcoholic member were interviewed, which included the wives of alcoholics and nine of their 17 children. These families represent three groups, each consisting of three families. The first group consists of family members of incoming users (up to 3 months of treatment). The second group consists of families of intermediate users (those who are undergoing treatment for a period between 7 and 10 months). The third group consists of family members of veterans in terms of bonding with the CAPS ad (those who are in treatment for over a year). Data collection was conducted through semi-structured individual interview. Content analysis procedures were employed in the obtained data analysis. We verified that in the studied families, the expectations of family members who have joined the activities performed by CAPS ad revealed predominantly positive. As time goes by and the alcoholic continues in treatment, these expectations were getting stronger because in these cases there was an abstention or a pattern of eventual drinking, under control, with damage from abusive drinking being minimized (which may be different in each case, although some aspects are verified in all families). Among the nine participating families, there was only one which did not believe in the recovery of the dependent. We conclude that because of the diversity of factors that affect personal, family and social life of the alcoholic, of the constraints that the families find to deal with the issue in its own sphere, and considering the fact that the perception of these families about the role of CAPS ad is quite positive. It may be a promising way to think of intersectoral integral action, combined with various segments of society, thus enabling the formation of a care network with expanded resolving capacity

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No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Stephane Caroline de Paula da Cunha.pdf: 525995 bytes, checksum: e1e1947701cecb3ee291f4097ee43b98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-20 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present workaims to developa psychodynamicanalysisof work situationson aPsychosocial Care Center, seeking to characterizethe organizationof work andits impact ontheexperiences of pleasureand pain, andthe process of mobilizingthese workerssubjective. This researchwas motivatedby the demandpresented to theReference Centerontheworker-CEREST Health, where workersbroughtcomplaints aboutthe existence ofoverloadandwork-relatedsufferingsuch demandwas sentto the Laboratory ofpsychodynamics of work-LAPSIC, theFederalUniversity of Amazonas. The theoreticalapproachof the psychodynamics ofwork andthe methodology ofclinicalwork, of French origin, founded byChristopheDejourswere chosento supportthe researchbecause they relateto thesubjective experiencesof workers, bringingtheoretical basisfor understandingthe relationshipsbetween workandthementalhealthworkerandbyprivilegingthe speech, enabling access to theselivingsand givingsupporttotheir interpretation. The resultsshow thatworking conditionsappearin various formsas one ofaggravatingthesufferingexperienced byworkers: lack of medicines, properphysical structureof materials forworkshops, the increasing number ofusersare some of theconditionsabove.Despite thesuffering experienced, workers are mobilizingto createcopingstrategiesthat enablethe workto be performed evenbefore all thesituationsthat oppose. Such strategiesinclude:useown materialto perform their activities, oftenusingtheir own financial resourcestomake the activities, craftsforward, seek to articulatethe different practicesinvolvingthetreatment planof the patientin order to achievebetter results, articulateday-to-day to meet demand, even if it meansoverload.Workerssee theCAPSa keyinstitutionwithin the psychiatricreform andthe factthey feel thattheir workcontributes toimproving the qualityoflife peoplewho suffer from somemental illnessbringssatisfaction, pleasureto work,givingthe worka sense ofrelevance,importance,positionthemission to beaccomplished.These workersalso feelthat living withusersgives thema personalgrowth,learningasquite relevanthuman. / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo desenvolver a análise psicodinâmica das situações de trabalho em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial, buscando caracterizar a organização de trabalho e suas repercussões sobre as vivências de prazer e sofrimento, e o processo de mobilização subjetiva desses trabalhadores. A realização desta pesquisa foi motivada pela demanda apresentada ao Centro de Referencia em Saúde do Trabalhador- CEREST, na qual os trabalhadores traziam queixas sobre a existência de sobrecarga e sofrimento relacionado ao trabalho.Tal demanda foi encaminhada ao Laboratório de Psicodinâmica do Trabalho - LAPSIC, da Universidade Federal do Amazonas. A psicodinâmica do trabalho, de origem francesa, fundada por Christophe Dejours, contempla uma abordagem teórica e possui uma metodologia própria, a clínica do trabalho, que foi escolhida para a pesquisa por estar relacionada às vivências subjetivas dos trabalhadores; traz embasamento teórico para compreendermos as relações entre o trabalho e a saúde psíquica e privilegia a fala, possibilitando acesso a essas vivências e dando suporte para sua interpretação. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que as condições de trabalho aparecem de diversas formas como um dos agravantes de sofrimento vivenciados pelos trabalhadores: a falta de remédios, de estrutura física adequada e de materiais para realização de oficinas, bem como o número crescente de usuários, são algumas das condições citadas. Apesar do sofrimento vivenciado, os trabalhadores mobilizam-se a fim de criar estratégias de enfrentamento que possibilitem que o trabalho seja realizado mesmo diante de todas as situações que se lhe opõem. Dentre essas estratégias podemos citar: a utilização recursos pessoais para a realização das atividades no CAPS, muitas vezes empregando recursos financeiros pessoais para viabilizá-las; o encaminhamento de ofícios comunicando os superiores hierárquicos a respeito das necessidades a serem sanadas e a articulação entre as diferentes práticas que envolvem o projeto terapêutico do paciente, a fim de alcançar melhores resultados. Os trabalhadores vêem no CAPS uma instituição chave dentro da reforma psiquiátrica; e o fato de sentirem que seu trabalho contribui para o aumento da qualidade de vida das pessoas que sofrem de algum adoecimento psíquico, traz satisfação e prazer no trabalho, dando a esse trabalho um sentido de relevância social, importância, uma posição de missão a ser cumprida. Esses trabalhadores também sentem que o convívio com os usuários lhes confere um crescimento pessoal, um aprendizado humano bastante relevante.

Blocos sobre estacas ou blocos de coroamento são elementos estruturais usados para transferir as ações da superestrutura para um conjunto de estacas. São encontrados em infra-estruturas de pontes e edifícios. O conhecimento de seu real comportamento estrutural é de fundamental importância, pois são elementos estruturais que garantem a segurança de toda a estrutura. Ainda não há consenso pelo meio técnico quanto o seu real comportamento estrutural. O processo de cálculo usualmente empregado pelo meio técnico para a determinação das reações nas estacas é o método da superposição dos efeitos. Esse método não considera a interação do elemento estrutural com o tipo solo em que as estacas estão apoiadas, nem a altura do bloco. Com a ajuda de análise numérica feita em programa de computador baseado nos métodos dos elementos finitos (MEF) foram simulados blocos variando parâmetros como a altura do bloco e os tipos de vinculação das estacas (solo). Para que houvesse a interação da estrutura com o solo foram propostos dois tipos de solos: solo deformável e solo indeformável. Os blocos analisados foram submetidos as ações de força centrada e momentos variando as suas intensidades. Os resultados mostram que o tipo de vinculação das estacas e a variação da altura do bloco modificaram significativamente o comportamento estrutural do bloco. A situação mais crítica para o bloco foi aquela em que se consideravam as estacas apoiadas em solo do tipo indeformável, chegando-se a resultados de reações nas estacas com diferenças a mais de 200%. Foi possível perceber que mesmo com solo do tipo deformável as estacas na região central do bloco foram as mais solicitadas. E em função da análise numérica conclui-se que os resultados obtidos são de grande importância. / Piles caps are structural elements used to transfer actions of the superstructure to a group of piles. They are found in infrastructures of bridges and buildings. The knowledge of its real structural behavior presents fundamental importance, once piles caps are structural elements that guarantee the safety of all the structure. There is no consensus yet between specialists on its real structural behavior. The traditional calculation process usually used to determine piles reaction is the superposition effect method. This method does not consider the interaction of the structural element with the type of soil where piles are supported, nor the height of the cap. With the aid of numerical analysis made in computer program based on the finite elements method (FEM), caps have been simulated varying parameters as caps height and the types where piles are supported (soil). In order to have the interaction of the structure with the soil, two types of soil have been considered: compressible soil and incompressible soil. The caps analyzed were submitted the action where centered force and moments have been considered varying its intensities. The results show that the type of pile support and the variation of cap height significantly modified the structural behavior of the cap. The most critical situation for the cap was that one considering the piles supported in soil incompressible, reaching results of piles\' reactions with more than 200% of differences. The piles in the central region of the cap have been the most requested on compressible soil type. In function of the numerical analysis, we conclude that the results obtained are of great importance.

Este trabalho estuda o comportamento de blocos rígidos sobre três estacas, submetidos à ação de força centrada, conservando a armadura principal, porém, variando as armaduras secundárias e adotando-se estacas de diâmetros de 20 cm e 30 cm. A armadura principal foi constituída por barras unindo as estacas. As armaduras secundárias foram constituídas por barras passando pelas estacas e projeção do pilar, distribuídas em forma de malha e por estribos verticais e horizontais. O objetivo principal foi o estudo do desenvolvimento das fissuras e o modo de ruína, através de ensaios experimentais em escala real. A instrumentação foi realizada de modo a se obter deformações nas barras das armaduras principais e secundárias, nas bielas de compressão, nas zonas nodais inferior e superior e nas faces laterais do bloco, em função da força aplicada no pilar e das reações das estacas. Além do estudo experimental, foi desenvolvida análise numérica tridimensional e não linear, pelo método dos elementos finitos, considerando os mesmos elementos estruturais, embora sem considerar as armaduras. Esta análise se concentrou no progresso das tensões normais principais, das deformações totais e plásticas principais e dos deslocamentos relativos às forças característica e de cálculo, previamente estimadas por métodos usuais de dimensionamento. Nenhum modelo experimental atingiu a ruína com força menor que a força teórica. Os modelos romperam por fendilhamento das bielas comprimidas de concreto acompanhado pelo escoamento das barras da armadura em uma direção. Os blocos com estacas de diâmetro de 20 cm apresentaram maiores deformações de tração transversais às bielas de compressão / Experimental tests were executed to study the behavior of rigid reinforced concrete three-pile caps subjected to patches of loading on the center top surfaces of the column. Three-pile caps were designed with the same geometry, dimensions and principal reinforcement layout, but different secondary reinforcement layouts and diameter of the piles. The load applied to the pile cap and the load carried by each pile were measured using load cells. Electrical resistance strain gages were installed along selected bars to measure the strain on the centers of reinforcing bars, compression struts and superior and inferior nodals zones, in function of both craking load and ultimate load. Moreover, an investigation to study the behavior of these non-reinforced concrete three-pile caps by a three-dimensional non-linear finite element analysis was presented. Some of the theoretical results were compared with those obtained from experiments and this analysis showed compatibility. All tests ultimate loads were higher than of ones of theoretical loads. Specimens failed longitudinally after a compression strut split due to the transverse tension caused by spreading of the compressive stresses, and yielded reinforcing bars in one direction

Bakgrund: Hårskyddet är ett viktigt element för att kunna upprätthålla en aseptisk miljö vid en operation. Men dess betydelse verkar inte uppmärksammas tillräcklig noga och inga undersökningar gällande hårskyddet som barriärskydd, har författaren inte kunna få fram. Syftet: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka operationspersonalens motiv till val av hårskydd vid olika typer av operationer. Metod: En empirisk studie med kvantitativ ansats, strukturerade frågeformulär och deduktiva analysmetoder användes vid denna studie. Resultat: Studien visar att det som mest har påverkat deltagarna vid val av hårskydd, är komforten och närheten till operationssåret. Även åldern och könet är faktorer som påverkade deltagarna vid valet av hårskydd. Däremot vetskapen om riktlinjer, akuta ingrepp, operationer med inplanerade implantat eller känd smitta har inte påverkat deltagarna i dess val av hårskydd inför en operation i någon nämnvärd utsträckning. Resultat visar även att det finns en stor brist på kunskaper angående riktlinjer bland operationspersonalen. Slutsats: Resultatet kan bero på att det är brist på komfortabla heltäckande hårskydd. Det kan även tyda på behov av evidens om hur effektiva de olika hårskydd som finns ute på marknaden är. Studien tyder dessutom på att det finns ett stort behov av kunskapsspridning om riktlinjerna och rekommendationerna angående hårskydd bland operationspersonalen. Klinisk betydelse: Studien kan ge skäl för tillverkarna att utveckla bekväma hårskydd som även är ampassade till de olika behov som finns på en operationssal. / Background: Surgical cap is an important element to maintain an aseptic environment during surgery. But its importance does not seem sufficient attention and the author couldn´t obtain studies about surgical cap as a protective barrier. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the surgical staff motive for choosing surgical cap at different types of surgery. Method: An empirical study with quantitative approach and structured questionnaires method were used in this study. Results: The study shows that what most affects the participant´s choice of hair protection is the comfort and proximity to the surgical wound. Although age and gender are factors that influenced the participant´s choices of surgical caps. However, knowledge of policies, operations with the planned implants, infection risk awareness or acute surgery do not affect the participant´s choice of surgical caps to any appreciable extent. Results also show that there is a considerable lack of knowledge about guidelines among surgical personnel. Conclusion: Results may be due to the sole lack of comfortable full covering surgical caps. It may also indicate a need for evidence about the effectiveness of the surgical caps that is available on the market. The study also suggests that there is a great need for knowledge sharing relating the guidelines and recommendations on surgical caps among surgical personnel. Clinical significance:The study may give reason for manufacturers to develop comfortable head protection which is also adapted to the different needs of an operating room.

The Foundation Phase in education provides the primary building blocks for young learners’ fundamental intellectual, social, physical and emotional basis of development. Holistic development is critical during the early years of the emergent learner’s life. Research has shown that it is imperative for young learners to make choices of their own accord, as room for independent decision making affords them the right to a “voice” and the opportunity to raise their own opinions which can contribute incrementally to their educational development. Exercising personal choices demands self-confidence and resolution. Indecisiveness implies a lack of taking a stance at all, as passive learners who constantly vacillate cannot succeed in accomplishing the task at hand. Various internal and external factors contribute to young learners’ indecisive behaviour and this, in turn, leads to a lack of self-confidence and fear. One of the main external factors identified is the child-rearing style of caregivers and parents. When learners experience fear and a lack of self-confidence, their educational experiences are also negatively impacted and therefore holistic development cannot take place. Research has indicated that visual art activities benefit young learners tremendously as they endow the learners with a more relaxed approach during activities due to the enjoyable character thereof. The focus in this study is consequently on rectifying young learners’ indecisiveness during visual art activities. All young learners dispose of the inherent potential to be creative and to express themselves through engaging with artwork, but when they lack self-confidence, they will be overcome with fear, hesitance and indecision. Social interaction as teaching strategy, as proposed by Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) supports learners who have not yet reached their full potential, therefore group work can be introduced where a decisive learner can support indecisive peers to gain self-confidence, giving rise to a more enterprising and venturesome approach. (Van der Veer, 2007: 114–115; Newman & Holzman, 1993: 67). / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Early Childhood Education / MEd / Unrestricted

This study forms part of a broader research project that involves the investigation of the effect of a health promotion intervention (Win-LIFE) on a resource-constrained community's practices, needs and expectations related to food choice, preparation and production. As part of the Win-LIFE intervention, the South African Life Skills school curriculum was enriched, and the current study followed its implementation and focused on the experiences of 31 Grade 5 learners in a school in the Bronkhorstspruit area. For the purpose of this study I followed a qualitative methodological approach, relied on interpretivism as meta-theory and implemented a case study research design, applying Participatory Reflection and Action (PRA) principles. Data were generated by means of PRA-based activities, supported by observations, and documented through field notes, audio-visual techniques and a reflective journal. Thematic inductive analysis was completed following data generation. Four themes with related sub-themes emerged. The first theme relates to the positive experience of experiential learning. The second theme concerns the role of a supportive facilitator. The third theme entails the positive outcomes of the learning process. The last theme relates to the challenges experienced by the learners. The findings of this study indicate a positive general experience of the enriched Life Skills curriculum by the Grade 5 learners, which led to benefits both proximally and distally in the various spheres in which the learners functioned. Learners demonstrated the ability to acquire knowledge and skills in a way they enjoyed, transferred these to their families, and their motivation to learn increased. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Educational Psychology / MEd / Unrestricted

Globally, the importance of teaching mathematics to young children has rapidly increased. The concepts of space and shape are one of the mathematical content areas of mathematics that young children should explore, and Grade R teachers ought to understand and implement. Numerous theorists, researchers and authors have provided valuable insights and research on why Grade R teachers should be effectively teaching the mathematical content of knowledge of space and shape in their classrooms. In South Africa, several influences and contributing factors make it a challenge for Grade R teachers to implement the mathematical content knowledge of space and shape. This study sought to gain an insight in how Grade R teachers understand and implement the mathematical content knowledge of space and shape. The conceptual framework was developed from existing theories and research literature. A constructivist approach was followed. The framework comprised six levels to explain how Grade R teachers’ mathematical and pedagogical knowledge develops. The framework assisted in formulating questions and methods for the data collection process. The collected data was organised, transcribed and analysed. The study employed a qualitative case study design to generate data from five Grade R teachers’ experiences, views, ideas, opinions and perceptions on teaching the mathematical concepts of space and shape. Data were collected from the five teachers through participant observations, semi-structured interviews, documents and keeping a journal. The data analyses and findings support the themes and subthemes to answer the research questions. The findings from the research revealed that teachers should implement various innovative teaching approaches to facilitate active participation, so that the children could make their own meaning and understanding of the mathematical content of space and shape. Age-appropriate content and materials that scaffolds on children’s prior knowledge were found to be important strategies for effective teaching and learning. Teachers and their schools have a responsibility to establish positive learning environments as well as positive learning experiences for the children. The teachers in the study raised their concerns about the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statements as they felt that they lacked creativity and guidance. Various factors with a negative impact on teaching and learning were identified and recommendations were made for improvement. The study concludes that Grade R teachers would benefit from gaining an in-depth understanding of the effective implementation of the mathematical content knowledge of space and shape. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2018. / Early Childhood Education / MEd / Unrestricted

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Det är allmänt känt att aktiekurser beter sig som om de vore slumpvandringar (random walk), och att därmed prediktioner av framtida avkastning är svåra eller omöjliga att förbättra genom att ansätta någonting annat än det senaste observerade värdet. Samtidigt finns det forskning som visar att prediktioner är möjliga. Till exempel finns det idag forskning som menar att nyhetsrapporteringar med positiva ord om tillgången ger tendenser till ökad avkastning. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om antalet nyhetsrapporteringar och sentimentet på olika värdepapper på den amerikanska marknaden kan användas för att predicera avkastning. Vi har beräknat ett så kallat Sentiment score, som mäter en relation mellan antal positiva, negativa och neutrala ord i brödtext och titlar, för över 300 000 artiklar. Baserat på detta har vi tittat närmare på två strategier för att skapa portföljer: en strategi som använder regressionsanalys som knyter samman avkastningar och sentiment, och en mindre sofistikerad strategi som helt enkelt väljer de mest omskrivna tillgångarna. I en utvärdering har vi jämfört strategierna med jämförelseindex. Utvärderingen indikerar att den första strategin inte gav en avkastning som var bättre än jämförelseindex. Den andra strategin gav däremot avkastning som var signifikant bättre än avkastningen från jämförelseindex.