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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
231

Crumbs Affects Protein Dynamics In Anterior Regions Of The Developing Drosophila Embryo

Knust, Elisabeth, Firmino, João, Tinevez, Jean-Yves 18 January 2016 (has links)
Maintenance of apico-basal polarity is essential for epithelial integrity and requires particular reinforcement during tissue morphogenesis, when cells are reorganised, undergo shape changes and remodel their junctions. It is well established that epithelial integrity during morphogenetic processes depends on the dynamic exchange of adherens junction components, but our knowledge on the dynamics of other proteins and their dynamics during these processes is still limited. The early Drosophila embryo is an ideal system to study membrane dynamics during morphogenesis. Here, morphogenetic activities differ along the anterior-posterior axis, with the extending germband showing a high degree of epithelial remodelling. We developed a Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) assay with a higher temporal resolution, which allowed the distinction between a fast and a slow component of recovery of membrane proteins during the germband extension stage. We show for the first time that the recovery kinetics of a general membrane marker, SpiderGFP, differs in the anterior and posterior parts of the embryo, which correlates well with the different morphogenetic activities of the respective embryonic regions. Interestingly, absence of crumbs, a polarity regulator essential for epithelial integrity in the Drosophila embryo, decreases the fast component of SpiderGFP and of the apical marker Stranded at Second-Venus specifically in the anterior region. We suggest that the defects in kinetics observed in crumbs mutant embryos are the first signs of tissue instability in this region, explaining the earlier breakdown of the head epidermis in comparison to that of the trunk, and that diffusion in the plasma membrane is affected by the absence of Crumbs.
232

Regulating Lipid Organization and Investigating Membrane Protein Properties in Physisorbed Polymer-tethered Membranes

Siegel, Amanda P. 07 August 2012 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Cell membranes have remarkable properties both at the microscopic level and the molecular level. The current research describes the use of physisorbed polymer-grafted lipids in model membranes to investigate some of these properties on both of these length scales. On the microscopic scale, plasma membranes can be thought of as heterogenous thin films. Cell membranes adhered to elastic substrates are capable of sensing substrate/film mismatches and modulating their membrane stiffness to more closely match the substrate. Membrane/substrate mismatch can be modeled by constructing lipopolymer-enriched lipid monolayers with different bending stiffnesses and physisorbing them to rigid substrates which causes buckling. This report describes the use of atomic force microscopy and epimicroscopy to characterize these buckled structures and to illustrate the use of the buckled structures as diffusion barriers in lipid bilayers. In addition, a series of monolayers with varying bending stiffnesses and thicknesses are constructed on rigid substrates to analyze changes in buckling patterns and relate the experimental results to thin film buckling theory. On the molecular scale, plasma membranes can also be thought of as heterogeneous mixtures of lipids where the specific lipid environment is a crucial factor affecting membrane protein function. Unfortunately, heterogeneities involving cholesterol, labeled lipid rafts, are small and transient in live cells. To address this difficulty, the present work describes a model platform based on polymer-supported lipid bilayers containing stable raft-mimicking domains into which transmembrane proteins are incorporated (αvβ3, and α5β1integrins). This flexible platform enables the use of confocal fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy to quantitatively probe the effect of cholesterol concentrations and the binding of native ligands (vitronectin and fibronectin for αvβ3, and α5β1) on protein oligomerization state and on domain-specific protein sequestration. In particular, the report shows significant ligand-induced integrin sequestration with a low level of dimerization. Cholesterol concentration increases rate of dimerization, but only moderately. Ligand addition does not affect rate of dimerization in either system. The combined results strongly suggest that ligands induce changes to integrin conformation and/or dynamics without inducing changes in integrin oligomerization state, and in fact these ligand-induce conformational changes impact protein-lipid interactions.
233

Efeito da glicose sobre os mecanismos de extrusão de prótons em células MDCK. / Effect of glucose on mechanisms of proton extrusion in MDCK cells.

Damasceno, Rosélia dos Santos 14 June 2010 (has links)
Este estudo investigou o efeito da glicose sobre a atividade e expressão da isoforma 1 do trocador Na+/H+ (NHE1) e da H+-ATPase do tipo vacuolar, em células MDCK (Mardin Darby Canine Kidney), linhagem derivada de rim de cão, que apresenta características similares às células principais e intercalares das porções distais do néfron. Por microscopia de fluorescência, se avaliou a velocidade de recuperação do pHi (dpHi/dt) e a capacidade tamponante (<font face=\"symbol\">bi). A partir desses parâmetros, se calculou o efluxo de H+ (JH+). Por Western blot, se avaliou a expressão de NHE1 e da subunidade E da H+-ATPase do tipo vacuolar. Resultados: Na condição controle o efluxo de H+ foi de 6.27 ± 0.51 mM/min (n = 9). O tratamento agudo com glicose (25 mM) aumentou o efluxo de H+ via NHE1, o qual foi modulado pela PI3 cinase. Na mesma condição, não se observou alterações na atividade da H+-ATPase. O tratamento crônico com glicose (25 mM) induziu significante aumento do efluxo de H+, via NHE1 e H+-ATPase. O efeito estimulador da glicose sobre a atividade de NHE1 e H+-ATPase foi dependente da atividade da p38 MAP cinase. Além disso, o tratamento crônico com glicose (25 mM) induziu fosforilação do sistema ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) e Akt. Conclusões: Nossos resultados indicam que no tratamento agudo com glicose (25 mM), o NHE1 foi modulado pela PI3 cinase. Contudo, no tratamento crônico com glicose (25 mM), a atividade do NHE1 foi modulada pelo sistema ERM/Akt e a atividade da H+-ATPase foi modulada pela p38 MAP cinase. / This study investigated the effect of glucose on the activity and expression of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) and vacuolar H+-ATPase, in Mardin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells from dog kidney, with similar characteristics to principal and intercalated cells of the distal nephron. The pHi recovery rate (dpHi/dt) and the buffering capacity (<font face=\"symbol\">bi) was evaluated through fluorescence microscopy. From these parameters the H+ efflux (JH+) was calculated. By Western blot, the NHE1 and H+-ATPase (E subunit) expression was evaluated. Results: In the control situation the H+ efflux was 6.27 ± 0.51 mM/pH units (n = 9). Acute treatment with glucose (25 mM) increased the H+ efflux via NHE1, which was modulated by PI3 kinase. In the same condition, the H+-ATPase activity did not change. Chronic treatment with glucose (25 mM) induced significant increase in H+ efflux via NHE1 and H+-ATPase. The stimulatory effect of glucose on the NHE1 and H+-ATPase activity was dependent on p38 MAP kinase activity. Furthermore, chronic treatment with glucose (25 mM) induced Ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) and Akt phosphorylation. Conclusions: Our results indicate that during the acute treatment with glucose (25 mM), the NHE1 is modulated by PI3 kinase. However, during chronic treatment with glucose (25 mM), NHE1 activity was modulated by the ERM/Akt system and of H+-ATPase activity was modulated by p38 MAP Kinase.
234

Studies on bioactive lipid mediators involved in brain function and neurodegenerative disorders : the effect of ω-3PUFA supplementation and lithium treatment on rat brain sphingomyelin species and endocannabinoids formation : changes in oxysterol profiles in blood of ALS patients and animal models of ALS

Drbal, Abed Alnaser Anter Amer January 2013 (has links)
Lipids are important for structural and physiological functions of neuronal cell membranes. They exhibit a range of biological effects many are bioactive lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids such as sphingolipids, fatty acid ethanolamides (FA-EA) and endocannabinoids (EC). These lipid mediators and oxysterols elicit potent bioactive functions in many physiological and pathological processes of the brain and neuronal tissues. They have been investigated for biomarker discovery of ageing, neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. The n-3 fatty acids EPA and DPA are thought to exhibit a range of neuroprotective effects many of which are mediated through production of such lipid mediators. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of n-3 EPA and n-3 DPA supplementation on RBC membranes and in this way assess dietary compliance and to investigate brain sphingomyelin species of adult and aged rats supplemented with n-3 EPA and n-3 DPA to evaluate the effects and benefits on age-related changes in the brain. Furthermore, to study the effects of lithium on the brain FA-EAs and ECs to further understand the neuroprotective effects of lithium neuroprotective action on neuroinflammation as induced by LPS. Finally to examine if circulating oxysterols are linked to the prevalence of ALS and whether RBC fatty acids are markers of this action in relation to age and disease stages. These analytes were extracted from tissue samples and analysed with GC, LC/ESI-MS/MS and GC-MS. It was found that aged rats exhibited a significant increase in brain AA and decrease in Σn-3 and Σn-6 PUFAs when compared to adult animals. The observed increase of brain AA was reversed following n-3 EPA and n-3 DPA supplementation. Sphingomyelin was significantly increased when aged animals were supplemented with n-3 DPA. LPS treatment following lithium supplementation increased LA-EA and ALA-EA, while it decreased DHA-EA. Both oxysterols 24-OH and 27-OH increased in ALS patients and SOD1-mice. Eicosadienoic acid was different in ASL-patients compared to aged SOD1-mice. These studies demonstrated that dietary intake of n-3 EPA and n-3DPA significantly altered RBC fatty acids and sphingolipids in rat brain. They suggest that n-3 DPA can be a potential storage form for EPA, as shown by retro-conversion of n-3 DPA into EPA in erythrocyte membranes, ensuring supply of n-3 EPA. Also, n-3 EPA and n-3 DPA supplementation can contribute to an increase in brain sphingomyelin species with implications for age effects and regulation of brain development. Effects of lithium highlight novel anti-neuroinflammatory treatment pathways. Both 24-hydroxycholesterol and eicosadienoic acid may be used as biomarkers in ALS thereby possibly helping to manage the progressive stages of disease.
235

Membrana amniótica descelularizada como substituto dérmico no processo de regeneração de queimaduras / Amniotic decellularized membrane as a dermal subistitute in the regeneration process of burn

Doi, Songila Maria da Silva Rocha 27 November 2015 (has links)
A queimadura de 3º grau é um dos maiores traumas a que um ser humano pode ser submetido e em geral são as lesões mais frequentes na população mundial, tratando-se de um importante problema de saúde pública. Pensando neste problema, observou-se que a utilização da membrana amniótica (MA) pode ser o melhor tratamento que esses pacientes possam receber. Ela atua em benefício da epitelização, facilita a migração e a adesão das células epiteliais basais, a matriz estromal possui inibidores de proteases que previne a apoptose e restaura o fenótipo epitelial, antibacteriana do córion e âmnion, além de proteger a ferida e atuar na redução da dor. A descelularização, trata-se da retirada de todas as células e núcleo da MA utilizada, como forma de se evitar qualquer tipo de histoincompatibilidade. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia do uso da membrana amniótica descelularizada (MAD) no tratamento de queimaduras de 3o grau em humanos, testada em ratos da linhagem Wistar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, a qual investiga fundamentalmente a especificação e a disposição de dados acerca dos resultados obtidos a partir de um processo regenerativo de queimaduras utilizando-se a MAD. A amostra foi constituída de constituída por 20 ratos machos adultos da linhagem Wistar, dividida em 2 grupos (n=10): grupo controle (GC)–sem MA e grupo transplantado–com MA (TMAD). Os dois grupos foram submetidos a um processo padronizado de queimadura térmica, sendo retiradas duas amostras de tecido para análise, no 14º dia e no 30º dia. As amostras foram analisadas com o emprego de técnicas anatomopatológicas onde foram montadas em lâminas fragmentos de MA corados com solução Hematoxilina Eosina (HE) e, para análise histomorfométrica,as lâminas foram coradas com picro sirius red sob luz polarizada para verificação da descelularização e quantificação de colágeno do tipo I, II e III. As imagens foram quantificadas utilizando o programa Image Pro Plus®, versão 5.0 para Windows®. Os dados estatísticos foram analisados utilizando o programa computacional SSPS v.21.0. Observou-se um aumento significativo da quantificação de colágenos do tipo III no 14º dia no grupo TMAD em relação ao GC, do colágeno do tipo II no 14º e 30º dia comparado ao GC e do colágeno tipo I no 14º e 30º dia, mostrando que a utilização da MA foi eficaz no grupo TMAD. Concluiu-se que a MAD, aplicada topicamente, demonstrou eficácia no processo cicatricial em queimaduras de 3º grau. Esperava-se que a mesma promovesse a aceleração de cicatrização dos ferimentos, mas, o que se observou ao término do trabalho é que a MAD não só promoveu a cicatrização como foi mais eficiente no processo de regeneração dos tecidos lesados. / 3rd degree of burns are one of the greatest injury that a human being can be submitted and generally are the most frequent injuries in the world population, in the case of a major public health problem. Thinking this problem, it has been observed that the use of amniotic membrane (AM) may be the best treatment these patients can receive. It acts on behalf of epithelialization, facilitates migration and adhesion of basal epithelial cells, stromal matrix has protease inhibitors which prevent apoptosis and restores epithelial, antibacterial phenotype of the chorion and amnion, and protect the wound and act on reducing pain. The decellularization, it is the withdrawal of all cells and core AM used as a way to avoid any kind of histoincompatibility. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the decellularized amniotic membrane (DAM) in the treatment of third degree burns in humans, tested in Wistar rats. It is a descriptive research which investigates mainly the specification and the arrangement of data on the results obtained from a regenerative process burns using DAM. The sample consisted of consisted of 20 Wistar adult male rats, divided into 2 groups (n = 10): control group (CG) - without MA, and group transplanted - with AM (TDAM). The two groups were submitted to a standard process of thermal burn, two samples being removed tissue for analysis on day 14 and day 30. Samples were analyzed with the use of pathological techniques which were mounted on slides DNA fragments stained with solution hematoxylin eosin (HE) for histomorphometric analysis, the slides were stained with picrosirius red under polarized light for verification of decellularization and quantifying collagen type I, II and III. Images were quantified using Image Pro Plus ®, version 5.0 for Windows. Statistical data were analyzed using the computer program SPSS v.21.0. There was a significant increase in type III collagen quantification on the 14th day in TDAM group compared to CG, type II collagen in the 14th and 30th day compared to the CG and type I collagen in the 14th and 30th day, showing that the use of MA were effective in TDAM group. It was concluded that the DAM, applied topically, has shown efficacy in the healing process in 3rd degree burns. It was expected that it would promote accelerated wound healing but which was observed at the end of work that MAD is not only promoted as the healing was more efficient the regeneration process of the damaged tissues.
236

Perturbation de la membrane cellulaire par des composés cationiques : transport transmembranaire contrôlé et applications biologiques

Gravel, Julien 08 1900 (has links)
No description available.
237

Correção fenotípica do nanismo avaliada por diferentes parâmetros de crescimento após administração de DNA plasmidial em modelo animal de deficiência isolada do hormônio do crescimento / Phenotypic correction of dwarfism mediated by different growth parameters after plasmid DNA administration in an animal model of isolated growth hormone deficiency

HIGUTI, ELIZA 22 June 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-06-22T11:39:54Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T11:39:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP / FAPESP:11/21708-6
238

Qualidade de café (Coffea arabica L.) pré-processado por via seca / Quality of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) pre-processed in coconut

Simões, Rodrigo de Oliveira 16 February 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:23:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2293485 bytes, checksum: a74ed7d0d350ed68a2888bbcca886ec0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-16 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The maturity stage physiological of coffee fruit after their harvest may influence on the physiological quality of grains and the final quality of coffee drink, mainly because of their peculiarities. The objective of this study was to verify some aspects of pre-process of coffee in coconut, harvesting at different percentages of cherry maturation stage, relating the influence of this stage of maturation, during processing of coffee in physical-chemical composition and quality of the drink. The coffee fruits were harvested in four percentages of cherry maturation stage by Derric manual system on the cloth, characterizing were investigated with four lots, Lot 1 (90.9%), Lot 2 (81.5%), Lot 3 (65.4%) and Lot 4 (44.7%). After collected, the individual lots were washed, and the fruits of higher density were separated andtransported to the cement terrace, where they remained for two days to reduce the initial water content of around 70% wet basis (wb). After this period, each lot was divided; one part remained in cement terrace and another court transferred to suspendeded terrace. The fruits were spread daily with using a squeegee on cement terrace and suspendeded terrace. These fruits formed layer with approximately three cm, which at dusk were stacked and covered with bags of plastic canvas and sackcloth. At dawn, these fruits were spread again on terraces, this process was repeating until the lots of coffee in coconut reach to 11% bu. (the recommended moisture content for storage). Every two days, in end of afternoon, samples of three liters of coffee were collected to determination of water content and water activity, and after step of washing, the coffee transferred from cement terrace to suspendeded terrace to detection and identification of fungi in the end of process of drying. After completing of process of drying, the coffee lots in coconut enhanced, capability the grains to separating with visible defects, and retained in sieves of 16 circular sieves above used to analysis of electrical conductivity and potassium leaching. These grains were ground with using a sieve of 30 "Meshes" to analysis of total acidity, fat acidity, ether extract, pH and color index of sensory analysis (proof cup). The experiment of physical-chemical analysis was conducted the second factorial 4x2 (four lots of coffee in coconut in different percentages of maturation stage and two types of terrace during the drying) in a complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were compared with using Tukey test at 5% probability (SAEG version 9.1). The data for detection and identification of fungi were expressed in percentage of species found in peel and coffee beans. Statistical analysis of sensory evaluation was conducted following the same schedule described factor to physical-chemical analysis with randomized block design (RBD) and program of SAS® PROC GLM, version 8.0. We verified the correlations (r) of Pearson with &#945;=0.05 between the physical-chemical and sensory attributes by the PROC CORR program of SAS®, version 8.0. The results showed, the adverse environmental conditions at certain periods during the drying process were instrumental in the absorption of moisture of the coffee and that this effect was more intense in cement terrace, because suspendeded terrace was more protected from the weather change. The behaviors of the curves of drying and water activity were similar, resulting in an exponential curve adjusted to form the type y = y0 + ae(-bx). The low water activity, 0.533; the end of drying process was the direct responsible parameter to the reduction which was identified in the percentage of fungi. There were significant differences (P<0.05) measured in all physical and chemical parameters, the results showed that better quality of grain in lots that had higher percentages of fruits. These differences were also observed between the types of terrace employees; suspendeded terrace presented better quality of grain compared to grains in the yard of dry cement. However, these differences were not significant determinants to the point of adversely affecting the final quality of the drink of coffee, since they have not been significant differences between the sensory attributes that rank as being of lower quality. The significant correlations between variables of physical chemical and sensory evaluating during the processing of coffee in coconut, suggest that the damage of cell membranes of coffee beans are the main indicators to describe properly the final quality of coffee. / O estádio de maturação fisiológico com o qual os frutos de café são colhidos pode influenciar na qualidade fisiológica dos grãos e na qualidade final da bebida de café, principalmente em função das suas particularidades. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de verificar alguns aspectos do pré-processamento do café em coco, colhido em diferentes porcentagens do estádio de maturação cereja, relacionando a influência deste estádio de maturação, durante o processamento do café, na composição físicoquímica e na qualidade da bebida. Os frutos de café foram colhidos em quatro porcentagens do estádio de maturação cereja, pelo sistema de derriça manual no pano, caracterizando-se assim os quatro lotes estudados, Lote 1 (90,9%), Lote 2 (81,5%), Lote 3 (65,4%) e Lote 4 (44,7%). Depois de colhido, os lotes individualizados foram lavados, separando-se os frutos de maior massa específica que foram transportados para terreiro de cimento, onde permaneceram durante dois dias, para redução do teor de água inicial em torno de 70% base úmida (b.u.). Após este período, cada lote foi subdividido, uma parte permanecendo no terreiro de cimento e a outra transferida para terreiro suspenso. Diariamente, os frutos foram espalhados com o auxilio de um rodo, sobre o terreiro de cimento e sobre o terreiro suspenso, formando uma camada de aproximados três cm, que ao entardecer, foram amontoados e cobertos com lona plástica. Ao amanhecer, novamente os frutos foram espalhados nos terreiros, repetindo-se este processo até que os lotes de café em coco atingissem o teor de água recomendado para o armazenamento, 11% b.u.. A cada dois dias, ao final do período da tarde, amostras de três litros de café foram coletadas para as determinações do teor de água, e atividade de água. Para a detecção e a identificação de fungos, coletaram-se amostras de café durante todas as etapas do pré-processamento do café por &#8220;via seca&#8221;. As análises de condutividade elétrica e lixiviação de potássio, acidez titulável total, acidez graxa, extrato etéreo, pH e índice de coloração foram feitas com grãos de café beneficiados sem defeitos visíveis, retidos em peneiras de crivo circular 16 acima. A avaliação dos atributos sensoriais (prova de xícara) foi feita com grãos selecionados utilizando-se os mesmos critérios das análises físico-químicas, devidamente torrados (torra média) e apresentados sob a forma de café expresso. O experimento para as análises físico-químicas foi conduzido segundo esquema fatorial 4x2 (quatro lotes de café em coco, em diferentes porcentagens do estádio de maturação cereja e dois tipos de terreiro durante o processo de secagem) no delineamento inteiramente casualizado (D.I.C.) com três repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) e as médias foram comparadas utilizando o teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade utilizando-se o SAEG versão 9.1. Os dados de detecção e de identificação de fungos foram expressos em porcentagem de espécies encontradas na casca e nos grãos de café. A análise estatística das avaliações sensoriais foi conduzida segundo o mesmo esquema fatorial descrito para as análises físico-químicas, no entanto, no delineamento em blocos casualizados (D.B.C) utilizando o programa SAS® através do PROC GLM, versão 8.0. Foram verificadas as correlações (r) de Pearson com &#945;=0,05 entre as variáveis físico-químicas e os atributos sensoriais através do PROC CORR do programa SAS®, versão 8.0. Verificou-se que as condições ambientes durante o processo de secagem influenciaram na absorção de umidade do café e que este efeito foi mais intenso no terreiro de cimento. A baixa atividade de água, 0,533, ao final do processo de secagem foi o parâmetro responsável pela redução no percentual da maioria dos fungos identificados. Foram verificadas diferenças (P<0,05) em todos os parâmetros físico-químicos avaliados, inferindo melhor qualidade dos grãos para os lotes que apresentaram maiores porcentagens de frutos cereja. Estas diferenças também foram observadas entre os tipos de terreiro empregados, tendo o terreiro suspenso apresentado melhor qualidade dos grãos comparativamente aos grãos secos no terreiro de cimento. Entretanto, tais diferenças afetaram negativamente a qualidade final da bebida de café, haja vista não terem ocorrido diferenças significativas entre os atributos sensoriais que os classificassem como sendo de pior qualidade. As correlações significativas entre as variáveis físicoquímicas e sensoriais, avaliadas durante o processamento do café em coco, sugerem que os danos causados à membrana celular dos grãos de café, sejam indicadores da qualidade final do café.
239

Correção fenotípica do nanismo avaliada por diferentes parâmetros de crescimento após administração de DNA plasmidial em modelo animal de deficiência isolada do hormônio do crescimento / Phenotypic correction of dwarfism mediated by different growth parameters after plasmid DNA administration in an animal model of isolated growth hormone deficiency

HIGUTI, ELIZA 22 June 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-06-22T11:39:54Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T11:39:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A deficiência de hormônio de crescimento (DGH) é a deficiência mais comum entre os hormônios pituitários. A terapia utilizada atualmente consiste de injeções diárias de hormônio de crescimento humano recombinante (r-hGH), entretanto esta terapia apresenta alguns inconvenientes, como a necessidade de frequentes injeções de r-hGH durante um longo período de vida, dependendo da severidade da deficiência, e o alto custo do hormônio, em razão dos dispendiosos processos de purificação. Uma alternativa ao tratamento padrão seria aquele no qual fossem evitados estes tipos de inconvenientes e o processo de liberação da proteína fosse sustentável, por um longo período e promovesse níveis normais e sustentáveis do fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina I (IGF-I), o principal mediador dos efeitos do GH. Uma alternativa é a terapia gênica in vivo, baseada na administração de DNA plasmidial em diversos órgãos/tecidos, seguida de eletroporação. É considerada uma metodologia bastante promissora e que tem sido alvo de vários estudos para diversos tipos de deficiências sistêmicas. Neste trabalho foram realizadas diversas administrações de um plasmídeo contendo o gene do hormônio de crescimento humano, nos músculos quadríceps exposto ou tibial anterior sem exposição, seguidas de eletroporação, em camundongos anões e imunodeficientes (lit/scid) com 40-80 dias de idade, na tentativa de obter uma correção fenotípica do nanismo, mediante a avaliação de parâmetros de crescimento. A administração deste plasmídeo no músculo tibial anterior, em camundongos com a idade inicial de 40 dias, foi capaz de proporcionar uma normalização dos níveis de mIGF-I, quando comparados aos dos camundongos não-deficientes de GH. Além disso, foram obtidos valores de catch-up dos parâmetros de crescimento longitudinal de 36-77%. Visando uma maior eficiência na expressão de GH, foram construídos plasmídeos parentais, e a partir destes, foram produzidos minicírculos de DNA com os promotores do CMV e Ubiquitina C e com os cDNAs de hGH e mGH. Estes minicírculos de DNA foram transfectados em células HEK 293 e foram até 2 vezes mais eficientes em relação aos plasmídeos convencionais com o promotor do CMV. Estes dados são bastantes promissores e abrem caminho para ensaios mais eficientes, utilizando este tipo de protocolo de terapia gênica para a DGH, visando uma normalização de todos os parâmetros de crescimento. / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP / FAPESP:11/21708-6
240

Efeito da glicose sobre os mecanismos de extrusão de prótons em células MDCK. / Effect of glucose on mechanisms of proton extrusion in MDCK cells.

Rosélia dos Santos Damasceno 14 June 2010 (has links)
Este estudo investigou o efeito da glicose sobre a atividade e expressão da isoforma 1 do trocador Na+/H+ (NHE1) e da H+-ATPase do tipo vacuolar, em células MDCK (Mardin Darby Canine Kidney), linhagem derivada de rim de cão, que apresenta características similares às células principais e intercalares das porções distais do néfron. Por microscopia de fluorescência, se avaliou a velocidade de recuperação do pHi (dpHi/dt) e a capacidade tamponante (<font face=\"symbol\">bi). A partir desses parâmetros, se calculou o efluxo de H+ (JH+). Por Western blot, se avaliou a expressão de NHE1 e da subunidade E da H+-ATPase do tipo vacuolar. Resultados: Na condição controle o efluxo de H+ foi de 6.27 ± 0.51 mM/min (n = 9). O tratamento agudo com glicose (25 mM) aumentou o efluxo de H+ via NHE1, o qual foi modulado pela PI3 cinase. Na mesma condição, não se observou alterações na atividade da H+-ATPase. O tratamento crônico com glicose (25 mM) induziu significante aumento do efluxo de H+, via NHE1 e H+-ATPase. O efeito estimulador da glicose sobre a atividade de NHE1 e H+-ATPase foi dependente da atividade da p38 MAP cinase. Além disso, o tratamento crônico com glicose (25 mM) induziu fosforilação do sistema ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) e Akt. Conclusões: Nossos resultados indicam que no tratamento agudo com glicose (25 mM), o NHE1 foi modulado pela PI3 cinase. Contudo, no tratamento crônico com glicose (25 mM), a atividade do NHE1 foi modulada pelo sistema ERM/Akt e a atividade da H+-ATPase foi modulada pela p38 MAP cinase. / This study investigated the effect of glucose on the activity and expression of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) and vacuolar H+-ATPase, in Mardin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells from dog kidney, with similar characteristics to principal and intercalated cells of the distal nephron. The pHi recovery rate (dpHi/dt) and the buffering capacity (<font face=\"symbol\">bi) was evaluated through fluorescence microscopy. From these parameters the H+ efflux (JH+) was calculated. By Western blot, the NHE1 and H+-ATPase (E subunit) expression was evaluated. Results: In the control situation the H+ efflux was 6.27 ± 0.51 mM/pH units (n = 9). Acute treatment with glucose (25 mM) increased the H+ efflux via NHE1, which was modulated by PI3 kinase. In the same condition, the H+-ATPase activity did not change. Chronic treatment with glucose (25 mM) induced significant increase in H+ efflux via NHE1 and H+-ATPase. The stimulatory effect of glucose on the NHE1 and H+-ATPase activity was dependent on p38 MAP kinase activity. Furthermore, chronic treatment with glucose (25 mM) induced Ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) and Akt phosphorylation. Conclusions: Our results indicate that during the acute treatment with glucose (25 mM), the NHE1 is modulated by PI3 kinase. However, during chronic treatment with glucose (25 mM), NHE1 activity was modulated by the ERM/Akt system and of H+-ATPase activity was modulated by p38 MAP Kinase.

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