In the last two decades, computing and storage technologies have experienced enormous advances. Leveraging these recent advances, AI is making the leap from traditional classification use cases to automation of complex systems through advanced machine learning and reasoning algorithms. While the literature on AI algorithms and applications of these algorithms in automation is mature, there is a lack of research on trustworthy AI, i.e. how different industries can trust the developed AI modules. AI algorithms are data-driven, i.e. they learn based on the received data, and also act based on the received status data. Then, an initial step in addressing trustworthy AI is investigating plausibility of the data that is fed to the system. In this work, we study the state-of-the-art data plausibility check approaches. Then, we propose a novel approach that leverages machine learning for an automated data plausibility check. This novel approach is context-aware, i.e. it leverages potential contextual data related to the dataset under investigation for a plausibility check. Performance evaluation results confirm the outstanding performance of the proposed approach in data plausibility check. / Under de senaste två decennierna har beräkning- och lagringsteknologier upplevt enorma framsteg. Genom att utnyttja dessa senaste framsteg gör AI språnget från traditionella klassificeringsanvändningsfall till automatisering av komplexa system genom avancerade maskininlärnings- och resonerings algoritmer. Medan litteraturen om AI-algoritmer och tillämpningar av dessa algoritmer inom automatisering är mogen, saknas forskning om pålitlig AI, dvs. hur olika branscher kan lita på de utvecklade AI-modulerna. AI-algoritmer är datadrivna, dvs. de lär sig baserat på mottagen data, och agerar också baserat på mottagen statusdata. Sedan är det av yttersta vikt att kontrollera riktigheten av de data som matas till systemet. I det här arbetet studerar vi de senaste metoderna för rimlighetskontroll av data. Sedan föreslår vi ett nytt tillvägagångssätt som utnyttjar maskininlärning för en automatisk datasäkerhetskontroll. Detta nya tillvägagångssätt är kontextmedvetet, dvs det utnyttjar potentiell kontextuell information relaterad till datainnehåll som undersöks för en rimlighetskontroll. Resultatutvärderingsresultat bekräftar den enastående prestandan för det föreslagna tillvägagångssättet i rimlighetskontroll av data.

This thesis is a simulation study aimed to improve the common-use check-in process at SAS Ground Handling operating at Arlanda Airport. The study sought to determine how to design the common-use check-in to minimize waiting times, reduce resource use, and increase the share of passengers checked in within service level targets. The simulation study was performed using Arena Simulation Software, testing different check-in setups which experimented with which flights were included in the common-use check-in solution, how many flows there would be for each booking class, and which flights would be allocated to each flow. The study found that changing how economy passenger flows are organized and how flights are divided between check-in flows could improve efficiency. The study concludes that the existing common-use check-in solution should continue to handle current assigned flights and recommends dividing the economy passenger flow into two separate flows based on passenger service times. / <p>Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet</p>

Cloud computing is increasingly attracting huge attention both in academic research and industry initiatives and has been widely used to solve advanced computation problem. As cloud datacentres continue to grow in scale and complexity, the risk of failure of Virtual Machines (VM) and hosts running several jobs and processing large amount of user request increases and consequently becomes even more difficult to predict potential failures within a datacentre. However, even though fault tolerance continues to be an issue of growing concern in cloud and HPC systems, mitigating the impact of failure and providing accurate predictions with enough lead time remains a difficult research problem. Traditional existing fault-tolerance strategies such as regular check-point/restart and replication are not adequate due to emerging complexities in the systems and do not scale well in the cloud due to resource sharing and distributed systems networks. In the thesis, a new reliable Fault Tolerance scheme using an intelligent optimal strategy is presented to ensure high system availability, reduced task completion time and efficient VM allocation process. Specifically, (i) A generic fault tolerance algorithm for cloud data centres and HPC systems in the cloud was developed. (ii) A verification process is developed to a fully dimensional VM specification during allocation in the presence of fault. In comparison to existing approaches, the results obtained shows an increase in success rate of the VMs, a reduction in response time of VM allocation and an improved overall performance. (iii) A failure prediction model is further developed, and the predictive capabilities of machine learning is explored by applying several algorithms to improve the accuracy of prediction. Experimental results indicate that the average prediction accuracy of the proposed model when predicting failure is about 90% accurate compared to existing algorithms, which implies that the approach can effectively predict potential system and application failures within the system.

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Bakgrund: Alla barn har rätt att växa upp under trygga förhållanden och inte vara utsatta för våld. Få barn berättar för vuxna att de är utsatta för våld och det ställer stora krav på att skolpersonal identifierar dessa barn. Skolsköterskan träffar regelbundet barn i samband med hälsobesök och har en unik möjlighet att observera och identifiera tecken på att barn utsätts för våld. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att beskriva hur skolsköterskan identifierar barn som är utsatta för våld i hemmet. Metod: Kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats har använts i studien. Datainsamlingen genomfördes via fokusgruppsintervjuer med semistrukturerade frågor. Resultatet analyserades enligt kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i ett tema; skolsköterskans vilja, ansvar och öppenhet för att bidra till att skapa goda uppväxtvillkor och fem kategorier; medvetenhet om våldets uttryck och symtom, inkludera frågor om våld och att vara uppmärksam, vara tillgänglig, skapa förtroende och tillit, samarbete med pedagoger och elevhälsoteam samt ökad kunskap och gemensamt styrdokument. Konklusion: Framträdande i studien var skolsköterskans intresse och vilja för att skapa samt främja goda uppväxtvillkor för de barn som de möter i sin profession. Skolsköterskan identifierar barn som utsätts för våld på många olika sätt. Hälsobesöket ses som ett betydelsefullt verktyg för att samtala kring våld och skapar goda relationer. / Background: All children have the right to grow up in safe conditions and not be exposed to violence. Few children tell adults that they are exposed to violence and makes great demands on school staff, to identify these children. The school nurse regularly meets children during health check-up and has a unique opportunity to observe and identify signs of being subjected to violence. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe how the school nurse identifies children who are exposed to domestic violence. Method: Qualitative method with inductive approach has been used in the study. Data collection was conducted using focus group interviews with semi-structured questions. The results were analyzed according to qualitative content analysis. Results: The analysis process resulted in the theme of the school nurse's will, responsibility and openness to help create good conditions for growing up and five categories; awareness of the expression and symptoms of violence, including issues of violence and being attentive, being accessible, creating trust and confidence, cooperation with educators and student health teams, as well as increased knowledge and a common governing document. Conclusion: Prominent in the study was the interest and willingness of school nurses to create and promote good growing/life conditions for children they meet in their profession. The school nurse identifies children exposed to violence in many different ways. The health check-up seen as an important tool for talking about violence and creating good relationships.

The attrition rate of enlistees in basic combat training is of particular concern to all Branches of the military due to the high cost associated with recruiting and training a new enlistee. Each year the military loses hundreds of millions of dollars invested in enlistees whom never make it to their first duty station. Investigators have extensively examined the impact of physiological injuries on the rate of enlistee discharge from basic combat training. Also, investigators have reported that alcoholism, adjustment disorders, mood disorders, and personality disorders were among the leading hospital discharge diagnostic categories for enlistees during the 1990s; especially, within the first six-months of service. Additionally, investigators have reported that the transition process from civilian to military in basic combat training tends to be very stressful and anxiety provoking for enlistees. However, little data has been gathered to assess the relationship of enlistees' physiological and perceived stress levels and their attrition rate. A study was conducted of 155 soldiers during their nine-week basic combat training at Fort Jackson, South Carolina. Salivary amylase testing was used as an objective measure of physiological stress, and the Multiple Affects Adjective CheckList Revised (MACCL-R) was use as a subjective measure of perceived stress. It was hypothesized that enlistees with higher levels of stress would also have a higher level of depression and hostility resulting in performance degradation. The results of linear regression analyses and multivariate pairwise correlation showed a statistically significant positive relationship among perceived stress, hostility and depression levels. Additionally, the analyses showed that for the soldiers participating in this study, coping style moderated their perceived stress experience. Those participants who were able to modify their coping mechanism to meet the physically and mentally demanding challenges of basic combat training tended to be more confident in successfully completing training. Moreover, they were less likely to receive disciplinary action. The military training command has requested follow up studies to expand upon this current study to encompass the various training cycles over a one-year time period. / Ph. D.

Low-density parity check (LDPC) codes are very popular among error correction codes because of their high-performance capacity. Numerous investigations have been carried out to analyze the performance and simplify the implementation of LDPC codes. Relatively slow convergence of iterative decoding algorithm affects the performance of LDPC codes. Faster convergence can be achieved by reducing the number of iterations during the decoding process. In this thesis, a new approach for faster convergence is suggested by choosing a systematic parity check matrix that yields lowest Second Smallest Eigenvalue Modulus (SSEM) of its corresponding Laplacian matrix. MATLAB simulations are used to study the impact of eigenvalues on the number of iterations of the LDPC decoder. It is found that for a given (n, k) LDPC code, a parity check matrix with lowest SSEM converges quickly as compared to the parity check matrix with high SSEM. In other words, a densely connected graph that represents the parity check matrix takes more iterations to converge than a sparsely connected graph.

Der Einsatz von Seilen im Ingenieurbau ermöglicht häufig konkurrenzlos leichte, widerstandsfähige und zugleich wirtschaftliche Tragwerkslösungen. Voraussetzung hierfür ist eine wirklichkeitsnahe statische Bemessung der Seile. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung eines „Open Source“ Computerprogrammes für die Schnittgrößenberechnung ebener Seilsysteme an zwei Aufhängepunkten. Dafür werden zunächst allgemeine und bemessungsrelevante Aspekte zum Bauteil Seil vorgestellt. Anschließend erfolgt die theoretische Herleitung von drei Berechnungsmodellen, welche für unterschiedliche Belastungsarten ausgelegt sind. Jedes dieser Berechnungsmodelle wird anhand eines praxisnahen Anwendungsbeispiels veranschaulicht. Auf Grundlage der theoretischen Herleitungen wird mithilfe der Mathematiksoftware „MATLAB“ ein Berechnungsprogramm für ebene Seiltragwerke entwickelt. Die Plausibilität dieses Programms wird durch Vergleichsrechnungen mit der Statiksoftware „RFEM“ im Rahmen einer Parameterstudie nachgewiesen. Innerhalb der Plausibilitätskontrolle können größtenteils Abweichungen von weniger als 5 % erzielt werden. Einzelne Versuche zeigen größere Abweichungen. Hierfür werden die Ursachen erschlossen und behoben, bzw. Anwendungsgrenzen definiert, um eine sichere Verwendung des Programms zu gewährleisten.:1 Einführung 10 1.1 Seile im Bauwesen 10 1.2 Zielsetzung 11 1.3 Literaturüberblick und aktueller Wissensstand 12 2 Allgemeine Ausführungen zum Seil 13 2.1 Materialien 13 2.2 Herstellung 14 2.3 Eigenschaften von Drahtseilen 16 2.4 Anwendungsgebiete 27 2.5 Typische Einwirkungen 28 3 Theoretische Betrachtung 36 3.1 Berechnungsmodell für ebene Seiltragwerke 36 3.2 Seil unter Eigengewicht 39 3.3 Seil unter beliebiger vertikaler Belastung 54 3.4 Seil unter beliebiger Belastung in Seilebene 62 3.5 Seil unter reiner Zugbelastung 75 3.6 Biegesteifes Seil 75 3.7 Seil mit nichtlinearem Materialverhalten 77 4 Entwicklung eines Programms zur Berechnung ebener Seiltragwerke 79 4.1 Entwicklung des Programms 79 4.2 Plausibilitätskontrolle 86 5 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 97 Anhang A: Auszug aus der Zulassung für eine 7-drähtige Spannstahllitze 101 Anhang B: Auszug aus der Zulassung für vorgefertigte Drahtseile 107 Anhang C: Produktdatenblatt Spiralseil 112 Anhang D: Programmcode „SEIL“ 113 Anhang E: Verzeichnis der verwendeten Variablen in Programm „SEIL“ 130 Anhang F: Berechnungsparameter RFEM 136 Anhang G: Übersicht Versuchsreihe zur Herleitung von Gl. 4.3 138 Literaturverzeichnis 141 Normenverzeichnis 144 Bildquellenverzeichnis 146 / The usage of cables for engineering often provides unparalleled lightweight, durable, and economically viable structural solutions. A prerequisite for that is a realistic static design of these cables. The objective of this thesis is the development of an 'open source' computer program for calculating internal forces in planar cable systems with two support points. To achieve this, general and design-relevant aspects for cables are initially presented. Subsequently, three calculation models, each designed for different types of loading, are theoretically derived. Each of these calculation models is demonstrated by a practical application example. Based on the theoretical derivations, a calculation program for planar cable structures is developed by using the software „MATLAB“. The plausibility of this program is verified by comparative calculations with the statics software „RFEM“ in the context of a parameter study. Within the plausibility check, deviations of mostly less than 5% can be reached. A few tests show larger deviations. The causes for these are identified and emended, or application limits are defined to ensure the safe usage of the program.:1 Einführung 10 1.1 Seile im Bauwesen 10 1.2 Zielsetzung 11 1.3 Literaturüberblick und aktueller Wissensstand 12 2 Allgemeine Ausführungen zum Seil 13 2.1 Materialien 13 2.2 Herstellung 14 2.3 Eigenschaften von Drahtseilen 16 2.4 Anwendungsgebiete 27 2.5 Typische Einwirkungen 28 3 Theoretische Betrachtung 36 3.1 Berechnungsmodell für ebene Seiltragwerke 36 3.2 Seil unter Eigengewicht 39 3.3 Seil unter beliebiger vertikaler Belastung 54 3.4 Seil unter beliebiger Belastung in Seilebene 62 3.5 Seil unter reiner Zugbelastung 75 3.6 Biegesteifes Seil 75 3.7 Seil mit nichtlinearem Materialverhalten 77 4 Entwicklung eines Programms zur Berechnung ebener Seiltragwerke 79 4.1 Entwicklung des Programms 79 4.2 Plausibilitätskontrolle 86 5 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 97 Anhang A: Auszug aus der Zulassung für eine 7-drähtige Spannstahllitze 101 Anhang B: Auszug aus der Zulassung für vorgefertigte Drahtseile 107 Anhang C: Produktdatenblatt Spiralseil 112 Anhang D: Programmcode „SEIL“ 113 Anhang E: Verzeichnis der verwendeten Variablen in Programm „SEIL“ 130 Anhang F: Berechnungsparameter RFEM 136 Anhang G: Übersicht Versuchsreihe zur Herleitung von Gl. 4.3 138 Literaturverzeichnis 141 Normenverzeichnis 144 Bildquellenverzeichnis 146

Wasaline is a shipping company that has automated their check-in process for trucks carrying cargo. This increased effectiveness and provided a better experience for drivers. To make sure that the new system was as effective as possible, the user experience of the check-in automats also had to be as good as possible. Their design, usability, and performance were evaluated based on research and ISO 25022:2016 Quality-in-Use to find issues and potential improvements. This was also backed by data collected from log files during the automated check-in process that could be compared with the old manual check-in process along with a heuristic evaluation of the system. Finally, interviews were conducted with truck drivers and staff members to get their perspective. Potential solutions to these problems were presented as a prototype that illustrates how improvements could be implemented while keeping the company’s original design.

In the recent years, the exponential Internet traffic growth projections place enormous transmission rate demand on the underlying information infrastructure at every level, from the long haul submarine transmission to optical metro networks. In recent years, optical transmission at 100 Gb/s Ethernet date rate has been standardized by ITU-T and IEEE forums and 400Gb/s and 1Tb/s rates per DWDM channel systems has been under intensive investigation which are expected to be standardized within next couple of years.To facilitate the implementation of 400GbE and 1TbE technologies, the new advanced modulation scheme combined with advanced forward error correction code should be proposed. Instead of using traditional QAM, we prefer to use some other modulation techniques, which are more suitable for current coherent optical transmission systems and can also deal with the channel impairments. In this dissertation, we target at improving the channel capacity by designing the new modulation formats. For the first part of the dissertation, we first describe the optimal signal constellation design algorithm (OSCD), which is designed by placing constellation points onto a two dimensional space. Then, we expand the OSCD onto multidimensional space and design its corresponding mapping rule. At last, we also develop the OSCD algorithm for different channel scenario in order to make the constellation more tolerant to different channel impairments. We propose the LLR-OSCD for linear phase noise dominated channel and NL-OSCD for nonlinear phase noise dominated channel including both self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM) cases. For the second part of the dissertation, we target at probability shaping of the constellation sets (non-uniform signaling). In the conventional data transmission schemes, the probability of each point in a given constellation is transmitted equally likely and the number of constellation sets is set to 2!. If the points with low energy are transmitted with larger probability then the others with large energy, the non- uniform scheme can achieve higher energy efficiency. Meanwhile, this scheme may be more suitable for optical communication because the transmitted points with large probabilities, which have small energy, suffer less nonlinearity. Both the Monte Carlo simulations and experiment demonstration of both OSCD and non-uniform signaling schemes indicate that our proposed signal constellation significantly outperforms QAM, IPQ, and sphere-packing based signal constellations.