Inspirada na arte de fazer situacionista, por caminhos derivantes esta dissertação pretende acompanhar através de uma cartografia deambulante, os conflitos entre os vendedores ambulantes e o Estado, que tomam espaço no centro de Porto Alegre. Uma verdadeira guerra travada no cotidiano: de um lado, os ambulantes que taticamente, desde a conformação da cidade até hoje, montam e desmontam uma cidade ambulante por entre a sólida e robusta arquitetura urbana – aqui cartografados através da construção de mapas, enquanto: MaPopulação, MapArquitetura e MapAção; e de outro lado, as forças do Estado, que atuam estrategicamente no combate à cidade ambulante – aqui cartografados como: legislação, Secretaria Municipal de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Movimento Legalidade, enquanto política pública. Encaremos historicamente os processos urbanos que atingiram os sujeitos vulneráveis na conformação das cidades, para acompanharmos as subjetividades que circunscrevem os ambulantes enquanto coletividade no cotidiano do Centro Histórico - que astutamente escapam às políticas espaciais impostas pelo Capitalismo através do Estado. / Inspired by the situacionist’ art of making, by derivative footpaths this dissertation intends to follow, through an itinerant cartography, the conflicts between the street vendors and the State, that take place in Porto Alegre’s city center. A real war in the everyday life: on one side, the street vendors that tactically, from the conformation of the city until now, every day assemble and dismantle an itinerant city through the solid and robust urban architecture - here mapped through the construction of maps, while: MaPopulation, MapArchitecture and MapAction; on the other side, the forces of the State, which act strategically in the fight against this itinerant city that the streets venders build - mapped here as: legislation, municipal secretariat of economic development and legality movement as public policy. We will realize in the historical background of the urbanization processes that affected the vulnerable individuals in the conformation of the cities, in order to follow the subjectivities that circumscribe the street vendors as a collectivity in the daily life of the Historical Center - that astutely escapes from the spaces’ politics imposed by Capitalism through the State.

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第17536号 / 工博第3695号 / 新制||工||1562(附属図書館) / 30302 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 中川 大, 教授 藤井 聡, 准教授 松中 亮治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

Syftet med detta uppsatsarbete är att undersöka ifall större och mindre städer står inför olika utmaningar i och med den ökade e-handeln som skett under Covid-19.  De metoder som använts är informationssök för att få fram vad tidigare forskning säger angående ämnet. Den tidigare forskningen berättar de utmaningar städer kommer stå inför i och med e-handeln. Det gjordes intervjuer för att få svar på studiens syfte och frågeställning. Intervjuerna skedde med personer som jobbade med stadsplanering och näringslivsutveckling. Det resultat vi fick från intervjuerna är att butiker är en avgörande faktor i att få en levande stadskärna. Den gemensamma utmaningen större och mindre städer står inför är därför att värna om butikernas existens i stadskärnan. Butikerna i större städers centrum har en annan förutsättning då de ofta konkurrerar med externa köpcentrum som erbjuder lägre priser och större utbud. Det är även vanligt i större städer att det är stora butikskedjor som bedriver det mesta av handeln i staden som invånarna inte känner lika stark relation till som de gör i de mindre städerna. I mindre städer så har invånarna ofta en stark relation med butikerna vilket gör att vissa butiker besöks ändå, trots sämre utbud och pris jämfört med e-handeln. Handeln ska även ses som en upplevelse för konsumenterna. Större och mindre städer har olika förutsättningar för att göra handeln till en upplevelse.  Slutsatsen som kan dras från arbetet är att bevarandet av handeln i stadens centrum är avgörande för att behålla en levande stad. Större och mindre städer står även inför olika utmaningar för att hålla butikerna vid liv. Nyckelord: E-handel, stadskärna och stadsplanering / The purpose of this study is to investigate if large and small cities will face the same challenges with the increased e-commerce we have seen during Covid-19. We startet the study with searching for information about our subject and got to know what previous studies showed. The studies showed that larger and smaller cities will face diffrent challenges duo to e-commerce. The method we used to get answer of our issue were interviews. The interviews were made with people who worked with city planning. The results we got from the interviews were that the stores were an deciding factor to keep a lively city center. The mutual challange large and small cities have is to keep the stores in the city center alive. The stores in large cities have other conditions compared to small cities. Stores in large cities are often outcompete by external shoppingcenters who can offer lower prices and a wider selection of products. It is also common that the stores in large cities are retail chains wich the customers don´t have any connection with, compared to small cities where the people values the stores more. It means that the residents will visit the stores although the smaller supplys and the higher prices. To shops in the city should be an experience. Large and small cities have diffrent prerequisites to make shoping a good experiance for the residents. The conclusion we make after the study is that keeping the stores alive is the most important thing for the cities. In keeping the stores alive large and small cities will face diffrent challenges. Keywords: e-commerce, city center and city planning.

As the retail apocalypse is increasing, it is common to face stores without consumers in citycenters. E-commerce is one of the factors that has had a negative impact on physical stores,both in city centers and in shopping malls. It has been easier for shopping malls than forcity centers to fight the increased competition.The purpose of this thesis was to explore who the typical shopping mall consumer was andif this consumer felt excluded from city centers. Four concepts were investigated; consumerstereotype, place image, shopping experience and place attractiveness. A qualitative,method and an exploratory approach were applied, and the data was collected through anonline focus group and interviews.The findings showed that the perceived typical shopping mall consumer had seven traits;social, fun, curious, open, flexible, time thrifty, calm and patient, and four characteristics;young, families with children, females and formal styles/ fashion oriented. Furthermore,this consumer felt excluded as a shopper because of the limited supply and divided citycenter.The implication of this study was to understand who the typical shopping mall consumeris and, if and why he/she felt excluded. Hence, this can provide retailers in city centers withunderstanding of what factors affect the perceived typical shopping mall consumer’s choiceand thus will enable them to make their stores more welcoming also to the typical shoppingmall customer.The original value of this study is an understanding of the perceived typical shopping mallconsumer and if this consumer feels excluded from city centers, which has previously notbeen explored.

The thesis aims to design a suitable structure at valuable area near the river Ostravice in Frýdek-Místek, which is currently under-utilized. Part of the area in question is treated in more detail to the level of urbanistic detail.

No description available.

The purpose of this study is to understand the short- and long term implications of the Covid-19 virus on the city center and what is done to revitalize it to a more attractive and available place. This case study is done on Umeå city center, where the municipality is going through a massive transformation and plans to increase its population size from 130 000 to 200 000 by 2050. That is a 50% population increase over a 30-year period, this also entails doubling the amount of constructing on a yearly basis. With the municipality focusing on densification of its cities, with a particular focus on the city center since they want to build a dense and vibrant city where everything is within a 5 km distance radius. The case study is done with a qualitative method using semi structural interviews. The observations made from the interview are compared to previous scientific studies, documents and theories made by urban planners and culture geographers. They include Jane Jacobs, Richard Florida and previous work on the correlation between urbanization and spread of infection as well as studies on people’s preferences on where to live, either being in or outside the city perimeter.  To gather empirical information a selection of people in suitable positions were interviewed. The results from the interviews and document shows that the city center has not been affected by the Covid-19 virus on a macro level. There has however been a wide impact on the microgeographic level, where stores and restaurant have been highly affected by the restrictions imposed. People have also seen their daily lives affected which has changed their routines and behavior in consumption and movement. There has been little change in the planning process or vision for the city center expect that there has been a greater emphasis on cooperation between businesses and the municipality.

Este projeto busca articular visualmente as paisagens urbanas, as ocupações de edifícios abandonados e as grafias do centro de São Paulo com a linguagem fotográfica: mediante intervenções gráficas sobre as fotografias propõe-se uma reflexão a respeito das transformações que vem sofrendo a visualidade do centro antigo. Isto é, o colapso de um tipo de urbanismo, o derretimento da \"utopia\" moderna e da visão cartão postal da cidade fazem parte de um mesmo contexto de crise, em que também se questiona a fotografia como representação realista. O trabalho final é um livro de fotografia com uma linguagem híbrida com outros meios de representação. / This project aims to visually articulate urban landscapes, empty buildings occupations and graphic symbols of Sao Paulo\'s city center, using photography. A reflection based on graphic interventions about the changes undergone in the old city center\'s visuality and in the photographic language is proposed. That is, the collapse of a kind of urbanism, the melting of modern \"utopia\" and city postcard view are part of the same crisis context, which also questions realism in photography. The outcome is a photo book that uses hybrid language and other forms of representation.

Deux entités composent le centre de Saint-Denis : d’un côté, l’ensemble monumental de l’ancienne abbaye qui, comme haut lieu de l’histoire nationale et de l’art gothique, revêt un caractère sacré ; de l’autre, l’espace urbain, à la fois populaire et commerçant, dont la mutation est inéluctable à cause, en particulier, de son état d’insalubrité. L’État, émanation de la souveraineté nationale, et la municipalité, représentation du peuple de Saint-Denis, sont happés, après l’épisode vichyste, qui constitue une nouvelle crise politique dans l’histoire de France, par l’urgence de la Reconstruction. C’est à partir du milieu des années 1950 que la reconfiguration de la centralité dionysienne peut être envisagée. La rénovation des abords de la basilique impose un dialogue entre histoire et modernité. Il semble contenir les ferments d’un renouveau politique : une « modernité à la française ». Les débats qui animent les pouvoirs publics et les spécialistes de la ville en proposent une retranscription. Quelles sont les valeurs convoquées dans cette opération d’urbanisme ? Que nous enseigne-t-elle de la reconstruction du récit national depuis la Libération en 1944 ? / Saint-Denis’ city center is twofold: on the one hand stands the sacred monumental complex of the ancient abbey, Mecca of the French national history and Gothic art, while on the other hand, the urban area is both a working-class and commercial environment, which mutation is unavoidable, in particular due to its overall degradation. In the aftermath of the great political crisis of the Vichy period, both the State, as an emanation of national sovereignty, and the municipality, as the representation of the people of Saint-Denis, are confronted with the city’s urgent need for reconstruction. It is only as of the mid-1950s that the reorganization of the Dionysian centrality becomes possible. Yet, the renovation of the surroundings of the basilica calls for a dialogue between history and modernity. This debate appears as the catalyst for a political renewal: a modernity à la française, highlighted by the heated debates between public authorities and specialists of the city. What are the values at stake in this urban renewal process? What are the key lessons triggered by such a project with regards to the reconstruction of the French national narrative since France’s liberation in 1944?

Nowadays, many cities try to turn their historic city centers into centers of attraction both for inhabitants and visitors by reorganizing and revitalizing them. These reorganization and revitalization processes change the users of the place as well as its physical structure. Thus, this change also creates deep impacts on human-place relationship. Traces of these impacts can be observed via &lsquo / sense of place&rsquo / and &lsquo / place image&rsquo / concepts. Studying these concepts is difficult due to their subjectivity / however, it is necessary to understand the change of place in all dimensions. It is possible to observe a similar process in Kalei&ccedil / i, the historic city center of Antalya. This research examines the process of change in Kalei&ccedil / i over the last five decades regarding the impacts on the &lsquo / sense of place&rsquo / and &lsquo / place image&rsquo / . It identifies &lsquo / physical setting&rsquo / , &lsquo / activity&rsquo / and &lsquo / meaning&rsquo / as observable components of these concepts / and it examines the change in these components through the in-depth interviews with three different user groups (i.e., users before 1980, those after 1980 and present users) and cognitive maps. The research considers that the first conservation practices in Kalei&ccedil / i started in 1980s, thus, it examines the change in &lsquo / sense of place&rsquo / under the headings of before 1980, after 1980 and present time. This research shows that the &lsquo / sense of place&rsquo / and &lsquo / place image&rsquo / between these user groups vary significantly. It indicates that the sense of place of the first user group is generated mostly regarding &lsquo / meaning&rsquo / component shaped by experiences / whereas the sense of place of the second and third category users mostly relates with physical environment and historical identity of the place. Besides, this research comes to a conclusion that there is a direct link between the change in sense of place and the efforts of turning the area into a center of attraction for tourism.