The aim of this research is describe the development of artistic concepts for visual artists and to evaluate aspects which augments the art experience for audiences. Competition and increased attention for the art form demands greater art to be produced, studying psychological aspects increases the probability of the art being perceived in line with the visions of artists. This research project uses a review of literature for its theoretical research, which is then used to underline decisions within practical experiments in order to give examples of the development of concepts. Findings include a description of the artistic process as well as aspects to augment experiences for audiences. The main conclusion from this work is the importance of combing innovative expressions with theoretical knowledge, in order to create spectacular art which audiences perceives in line with the vision of the artist.

This thesis has resulted in a concept- and prototype development of a new car roof mounted bike carrier. The design problem was assigned by Thule Group and was intended be performed alongside the company’s own project of updating their different roof mounted carriers. What Thule wanted to gain from this project was to obtain concepts produced with a different approach than their usual course of action. This could lead to concepts consisting of solutions not before thought of. The solution should answer to three major problems: 1. How the bike could be attached to the carrier. 2. How the mechanism could tighten. 3. How the user could be given feedback when enough force had been applied. This report explains the approach to the problem and how the used design process has been implemented. The solution to the problem are presented successively of how the front holder of a bike carrier is developed, from idea into prototype. The applied design process “Produktutveckling - Effektiva metoder för konstruktion och design” have an iterative structure. An iterative process does not occur in a straight line, but rather in a spiral that repeat its steps over and over again to achieve better results. The different phases and methods of the design process are explained to clarify the approach of the implementation. These methods includes Benchmarking, User study, Quality function deployment, 6-3-5 Brain writing method, PUGH and Validity and Reliability. To give this thesis a theoretical foundation, theories about the design process, semantics and intuition been applied. The generated ideas resulted in two concepts that were further developed and presented. One of the concepts was decided by Thule to undergo a patent research, which was not completed before this thesis was finished. This concept has therefore not been explained in detail. The other concept has been presented in its complete state, explaining its solutions to the design problem. The report explains all features the prototype of the product resulted in. The design process is presented in a chronological way and contribute with an easy traceability throughout this report.

This master thesis report describes the process of designing, developing and building an accessory for a stroller that protects the kid from rain and sun. The project is a collaboration with Thule Sweden AB, in Hillerstorp.The work starts with developing a new concept idea for Thule’s category “Active with kids”, in the line of strollers, and with a focus on the Southern Europe market, more concretely Spain. The design proposal fits and expresses Thule’s vision and brand language.The project started with gaining knowledge about the market, investigating the user needs with surveys to find out the design goals. An iterative process of ideation, brainstorming and building mock-ups ended with a final concept that was going to be further developed. A full-scale model was built to test the idea from the functional and aesthetic perspective. The materials used were mainly fabrics, foam, zippers, thread and a lot of sewing.The result is a new stroller canopy for different weather conditions. It is well equipped to improve parents experience when going out for a ride with their child.It has to be mentioned that this master thesis research section was conducted in pairs, between Berta Cester and Nerea Cuello, and the rest of the phases was an individual work. As a result, two different products were produced for the same category, the stroller market.

Outotec Sweden AB works in the field of precious metal refining. Silver electrorefining is one of Outotec’s technologies widely applied in numerous silver refining plants worldwide. During this project a specific section in a silver refinery plant has been investigated. Today’s system provided by Outotec utilises gravity as a means of transport of the slurry consisting of refined silver crystals and silver electrolyte. The slurry is directed from the electrolysis cells through pipes mounted in an angle towards a separation tank. This solution requires three floors of the building of the refinery plant. The goal of this project was to develop concepts which would transport the slurry of silver crystals from the electrolysis cells to a separation tank within a single floor of the building. The implementation of such a system would result in lowering the overall investment cost of the refinery by at least 7 %. Ulrich & Eppinger’s product development process has been utilised in this thesis work which is a six step sequential method for development of products. Through this process, four concepts for transportation of silver crystal slurry were developed, analysed and cost estimated - Syringe, Drop to circulation tank, Suction Pump and Conveyor. The syringe concept eliminated the need for a single floor of the refinery, which translated to total projected investment cost of 337 000 SEK and an overall investment savings of 8.3 %. Drop to circulation tank eliminated the need for two floors which lead to a total estimated cost of 862 000 SEK. This corresponded to an overall investment savings of 16.5 %. The two final concepts - suction pump and conveyor was estimated to cost 346 000 and 337 000 SEK respectively. Both of the concepts resulted in a total projected savings of the overall investment by 8.3%, eliminating the need for one of the three floors in the refinery. The conclusion is that each of the concepts developed surpassed the goal of lowering the overall investment of the refinery by at least 7%. Three of the four concepts eliminated the need for one floor while the final one, drop to circulation tank, eliminated the need for two of the three floors. The concepts must be tested before implemented. This could either be conducted by approximating the electrolyte as water and silver crystals as metal shavings or by sludge. It would however be beneficial if a test rig is constructed for each concept and they are tested with the same mixture of silver slurry that is transported in Outotec’s existing refineries. The circulation tank should also be installed on the same floor as the electrolysis cells and the separation tank for the syringe, conveyor and suction pump concepts. This was never investigated by the authors since it was a limitation stated as the project was initiated. This component was however included in the drop to circulation tank concept since it was considered being part of the transportation system. If the circulation tank is installed on the same floor as the other components it will result in eliminating the need for two floors, which would ultimately lead to a substantial decrease in overall investment cost.

This master thesis treats the development of a new component in a tidal energy power plant. The technology that the component should be used in extracts energy from tidal an low velocity currents. This is done by that a turbine is placed on a kite which is pushed forward in the water due to the lifting force acting on the wing. A tether connects the kite with a bottom joint that is placed on a foundation at the seabed. The bottom joint used today is heavy and expensive, which was the main reason to that this thesis was initiated. In this work, the possibility of using a polymer based design for the connection between the tether and foundation was investigated. The optimal outcome of the project was that the polymer solution should provide a spring function to the power plant. A lot of conventional product development methods have been used in the project. The project was divided into five parts: planning, product specification, concept generation, concept choice and conceptual design. In order to understand what was required of the solution in terms of the spring function, a model that aimed to represent what effect a spring function would have on the power plant was developed. According to the model, a spring function in the tether direction could increase the velocity of the kite in its trajectory. The model is based on some simplifications which is assessed to need further investigation. The spring function was translated to that the component should be able to elongate as a response to the force acting in the tether direction. In the concept choice phase it was chosen to proceed with a design similar to that of a bend stiffener. It was decided that a spring function was not required of the component, though desirable. A material selection was performed and the most optimal material for a single part that should be able withstand the tension, allow rotation, and provide a spring function was concluded to be TPU(ester, aromatic, Shore 50D). In the attempt to understand what was needed to be considered if the spring function should be solved by a material response in a polymer component, relevant theory was collected. A numerical analysis in Abaqus was performed which indicated that such a solution was unreasonable. It was then decided to proceed with the development of a bend stiffener, where the tether should be connected directly to the foundation. The thesis finally concludes with a conceptual design of a bend stiffener. The most suitable material for a bend stiffener was concluded to be TPU(ether, aliphatic, Shore 60D). The initial dimensions were determined by the maximum angle and tension combination that the tether would be exposed to. A static analysis was performed in Abaqus to illustrate the function of the product. The analysis indicated that a bend stiffener could provide the required function. However, the stress in the component became high, which indicated that the bend stiffener material might fail due to the applied load. In order to fully evaluate this, it was concluded that a more accurate material model was required.

“Development of a solar car body” is a bachelor thesis done at Jönköping University by two students studying mechanical engineering with a focus on product development and design. The project has been done for JU Solar Team, an organization where student develop and build a solar powered electric car with which they then use in the competition Bridgestone World Solar Challenge. The body of the 2019 solar car is made from a carbon fiber monocoque which means that the body and chassis is made from one integrated component. This type of construction is both costly and complex and it has created a lot of trouble in the post processing of the body after it is received from the developer. The following report is explaining a conceptual development process of module-based body construction. The purpose is to simplify the development and allow for easier modification. Furthermore, the aim of the project has been to make it possible to move most of the production in-house at Jönköping University and show a concept that JU Solar Team can use in the development of upcoming solar car projects. Initially the project studied earlier CFD-simulations that has been made on the solar car from 2019 which was used as a basis for dividing the car into different modules. Since the aim was to make it possible to move the production in-house at Jönköping University it was deemed that 3D-printing was a plausible method for this, which the rest of the project was based upon. Conventional product development methods were then used to generate possible solutions that developed into a finished concept. Different types of methods for joining modules together have been explored which meet the defined criteria. Since a low weight that maximizes energy efficiency is essential when designing a car like this, a topology optimization process was used to study where material could be removed. This optimized construction was then verified by studying the static stress in the body, as well as comparing different materials based on weight, maximum stress and safety factors. The project resulted in a topologically optimized and module-based prototype where 30% of the original volume has been removed. The report ends with recommendations of materials and joining techniques as well as comments for further development of upcoming solar car projects. / ”Konceptutveckling av solbilskaross” är ett examensarbete utfört vid Jönköpings Tekniska Högskola inom utbildningen maskinteknik, produktutveckling och design. Projektet har genomförts i samarbete med JU Solar Team, en organisation där studenter utvecklar och tillverkar en soldriven elbil som medverkar i tävlingen Bridgestone World Solar Challenge. 2019 års solbilskaross är av en kolfiber-monocoque konstruktion vilket innebär att kaross och chassi är integrerat i en komponent. Denna konstruktion har skapat begränsningar vid efterhandskonstruktioner samt medfört en komplex och resurskrävande tillverkning. Följande rapport behandlar en konceptutvecklingsprocess av en modulbaserad karosskonstruktion med syfte att underlätta vid produktförändringar samt simplifiera tillverkningen. Vidare har projektets mål även varit att möjliggöra en tillverkning vid Jönköping University och påvisa ett koncept som JU Solar Team kan utnyttja till kommande solbilsprojekt. Inledningsvis i projektet analyserades tidigare CFD-simuleringar av 2019 års solbil vilket lade grunden för modulindelningen av karossen. Med anledning av att möjliggöra en tillverkning vid Jönköping University bedömdes additiv tillverkning vara en tillämplig metod vilket projektet sedermera utgick ifrån. Konventionella produktutvecklingsmetoder tillämpades för att generera lösningsförslag som sedan kunde bedömas och vidareutvecklas. Olika sammanfogningstekniker undersöktes för att studera hur de framtagna modulerna kan monteras baserat på uppsatta kriterier. Eftersom en låg strukturvikt är essentiellt för att maximera energieffektiviteten genomfördes en topologioptimeringsprocess för att studera var material kan avlägsnas. Den optimerade konstruktionen verifierades sedan genom spänningsberäkningar och analys av olika material baserat på vikt, maxspänning och säkerhetsfaktor. Projektet resulterade i ett topologioptimerat och modulbaserat koncept av karossen där 30% av ursprungsvolymen har avlägsnats. Rapporten avslutas med rekommendationer av materialval och sammanfogningsmetod, samt kommentarer för vidare arbete till kommande solbilsprojekt.

A new invention has been developed by CorPower Ocean; a mechanical rack and pinion solution called a cascade gearbox. The primary function of the gearbox is transforming a linear motion into a rotational motion. The novelty is its unique properties; it is capable of combining heavy loads and high velocities, and at a high efficiency. CorPower Ocean is aiming at finding applications where the gearbox’s unique properties can be of use. If the gearbox is combined with a motor it forms an electromechanical actuator. Therefore, an investigation of applications using actuators has been targeted. More specifically, the master thesis assignment was to examine in which applications the transition of a cascade electromechanical actuator was technically viable. Research questions that derived was to answer if an implementation of an cascade electromechanical cylinder is technically feasible and if it implicates improved results regarding environmental related goals. The methodology executed to finalize the project included several stages. The first stage was the background study which consisted of reviewing trends and gathering technical data for case studies of targeted applications. The targeted applications were heavy lifting equipment and injection molding machines. With the help of CorPower software, gearbox dimensioning examples were drafted and could be evaluated from a size and weight perspective. To further evaluate potential applications, interviews were conducted with targeted equipment manufacturers. The selection of applications was completed by evaluating the interview responses and the drafted gearbox examples. Chosen applications were ultimately a nine tonnes forklift and an empty container handler, mainly due to good customer response, integration ability and potential of performance enhancement. An optimisation was performed to achieve a concept solution that satisfied customer needs such as low cost and a slim design. In order review the business cases in each application, energy savings and performance cases were conducted, benchmarking against the hydraulic solution. In the ECH case, the energy saved was 54% and the productivity increased with 9.6%. In the forklift case, the energy saved was 52% and the productivity increased with 1%. Both of applications have great potential of a transition from hydraulic cylinders to electromechanical cylinders in terms of implementation and technical feasibility. The final concept solutions exceeded the hydraulics in performance, retaining a slim and acceptable size and design. Furthermore, this sector of heavy lifting equipment had high potential for electrification which can contribute to reduced emissions and fuel savings. Keywords: electromechanical cylinders, concept development, cascade gearbox / En ny innovation har utvecklats av CorPower Ocean; en mekanisk rack och pinjonglösning kallad kaskadväxel. Dess primära funktion är att transformera en linjär rörelse till en roterande rörelse och vice versa. Nyhetsvärdet är växellådans unika prestanda; den kan hantera kombinationen av höga laster och höga hastigheter till en hög verkningsgrad. Nu önskar CorPower Ocean att hitta applikationer där kaskadväxelns unika prestanda kommer till användning. Om kaskadväxeln kombineras med en motor bildas en elektromekanisk aktuator, och därför har en utredning av applikationer som använder aktuatorer utsetts som en marknad att undersöka närmare. Mer specifikt var examensuppdraget att undersöka i vilka applikationer en sådan övergång skulle vara genomförbar ur ett tekniskt perspektiv. Forskningsfrågor som önskades besvaras var huruvida en sådan övergång är genomförbar ur ett tekniskt perspektiv och om en sådan implementation innebär förbättringar vad gäller miljörelaterade mål. Metodologin som användes för att slutföra projektet utgjordes av flera steg. Första steget var att genomföra en bakgrundsstudie om elektrifiering och produkttrender samt samla teknisk data på utsedda applikationer. De utsedda övergångsområdena var maskiner för tunga lyft samt plastformssprutningsmaskiner. Med CorPowers mjukvara kunde dimensioneringsexempel göras för kaskadväxellådor och utvärderas utifrån sin storlek och vikt. För en fortsatt utvärdering av applikationer genomfördes intervjuer med tillverkare av de utsedda applikationerna. Val av applikationer slutfördes genom att utvärdera svar från målkunder samt dimensioneringsexempel av växellådorna. De valda applikationerna blev slutligen en nio tons gaffeltruck och en tomcontainertruck. Valet baserades huvudsakligen på bra respons från kunder, bra integrationsmöjligheter samt potentiella prestandaförbättringar. Fokus låg på att byta ut lyftcylindrarna och bortse från övriga mindre cylindrar. Lösningarna optimerades för att matcha kundkrav så som kostnad och passform. Ett energibesparingscase utfördes för att jämföra kaskadlösningen med nuvarande hydrauliska lösning. I tomcontainertruckens fall sänktes energiförbrukningen med 54 % och produktiviteten ökade med 9.6%. I gaffeltruckens fall sjönk energiförbrukningen med 52 % och produktiviteten ökade med 1 %. Båda applikationerna uppvisade stor potential för ett byte från hydraulcylindrar till elektromekaniska cylindrar. De slutgiltiga koncepten överträffade hydraulikens prestanda medan de bibehöll en acceptabel storlek. Vidare fanns det en stor potential inom lyftindustrin att genom elektrifiering kunna minska utsläpp och bränsleförbrukning. Nyckelord: elektromekanisk cylinder, konceptutveckling, kaskadväxel

Detta examensarbete är ett produktutvecklingsprojekt som behandlar utvecklingen av ett koncept av en ny stereotaktisk huvudram för användning inom neurokirurgin. Arbetet har utförts i samarbete med Elekta Instrument AB som är ett av världens ledande företag för utveckling av utrustning som behandlar cancer och andra sjukdomar i hjärnan. Elekta har idag en produkt som heter Leksell Stereotactic System (LSS) och består av en ram och en båge, tillverkade i aluminium, som används vid stereotaktisk kirurgi. I och med att diagnosmetoderna förändras och att främst MRI använder kraftfullare magnetfält finns ett behov av att använda icke elektriskt ledande eller magnetiska material i ramen. Målet med arbetet var att ta fram en ny huvudfixeringsram som fram-för allt var förbättrad inom följande; material, kompatibilitet, design och patientkomfort. Arbetet inleddes med en förstudie och en studie av användarnas antropometriska mått. En QFD genomfördes för att ta fram kundönskemål och krav på produkten. Ett funktions-medel-träd skapades för att studera produktens funktioner. De medel som skapats i funktions-medel-trädet användes sedan för att generera konceptlösningar som sedan utvärderades och en slutlig lösning valdes. Ett materialseminarium hölls där bästa materialet ansågs vara glasfiber förstärkt epoxy tillverkad i RTM med en lackad yta. En del brister fanns med det valda konceptet och som ett resultat skapades ett nytt koncept som i slutändan ansågs bättre och valdes för fortsatt utveckling. Konceptet Doublebend’s, se figur 1, fördelar var dess form, som tillät ingrepp till alla delar av hjärnan, vinklingsbara skruvinsatser och bra möjligheter till tillverkning. Ramens deformation analyserades och resultatet användes vid placering av låsningspunkter på ramen till angränsande adaptrar. En MRI-adapter togs fram och en prototyp tillverkades i SLS. Prototypen användes för validering vid ett möte med en neurokirurg. Slutsatserna från arbetet är att det framtagna konceptet har potential att utvecklas till en bra produkt, men att mycket arbete kvarstår. Djupare analyser, materialprov och detaljkonstruktion återstår som framtida arbete. / This report presents the development of a concept for a new stereotactic head frame for use in neurosurgery. The work has been performed at Elekta Instrument AB, which is one of the world's leading companies for the development of equipment that is used to treat cancer and other diseases of the brain.  Doublebend  The conclusions of the work are that the developed concept has the potential to progress into a quality product, however much work remains. Further analysis, material testing and detailed design remain as future work.

Background The shipbuilding trends have changed from being single purpose ships only to using modular and flexible parts or systems to carry out multiple missions with as few ships as possible to minimize the ecological and economic impact. A flotilla can become smaller by having multiple ships capable of carrying out various missions instead of single-purpose ships. Objectives The objectives throughout the thesis are to provide an insight into how the trends today are affecting the market of surface ships and to study how a reconfigurable floor can be combined with a sliding bulkhead to be implemented into the cargo space. The developed concept needs to meet the regulations set by DNV-GL, which are an international classification society that is experts in risk management and quality assurance. This master’s thesis focuses on how to implement modularity and flexibility in payload arrangement for surface ships. Method The work process is based on the methodology design thinking’s four phases, which are initiation, inspiration, ideation, and implementation. Throughout the project, a trendwatching was conducted to determine the most impactful trends on the naval market. Using semi-structured interviews, techwatching and brainstorming iterations, a requirements list was defined to support the concept development. The concepts were weighed against each other, and the highest scoring was developed into a parametric CAD model. The model was later compared to the DNV-GL regulations to see whether the developed concept affects existing systems such as HVAC. Results Some of the top trends that have been affecting the naval market lately is modularity, flexibility, and unmanned surface vessels. The developed concept was a combination of a pallet loading floor and cargo floor rollers for reconfigurable floors and garage door-inspired bulkhead. The concept was visualized in Autodesk Inventor Professional 2020 to be further analyzed and display how the concept operates, its functions and how the system compares to DNV-GL regulations. Conclusions The top trends affecting the naval market are modularity, flexibility, and unmanned surface vessels to mention a few. Some of the regulations from DNV-GL that need to be considered when implementing a modular and flexible payload arrangement are fire protection and tightness requirements. However, the regulations can be stricter or changed depending on the role, design, and placement of the payload arrangement.

This report addresses a project conducted at Saab Aeronautics during the spring of 2018. The goal of the project was to investigate aircraft weight estimations in the conceptual design phase. The work was divided into two major parts: finding new weight estimation techniques and implementing an existing technique called the Berry Weight Estimation in to the Pacelab APD software. Several weight estimation techniques were found during an extensive literature review but in the end, only one was chosen for further investigation. The chosen technique was the NASA Wing Weight Build-Up which proposed calculations for wing weights based on aircraft statistics. It contained material data tables for determining so called K-factors that were used to essentially scale the individual wing weight formulas. The data tables did not include K-factors up to a load factor of 9 which was a requirement from Saab. Extrapolations of the material data tables were done to approximate the missing values. The NASA wing weight build-up showed promising results with little deviation from the actual wing weight for a few chosen aircraft. This weight estimation technique was consequently chosen as a worthy candidate for a future implementation in the Pacelab APD software. The task of implementing the Berry Weight Estimation in Pacelab APD was divided into a fuselage- and a wing part. This was done to ease the implementation since it would resemble the original description of the method. The wing and fuselage weights were both calculated in two steps. The first step was to calculate a gross shell weight. This is the weight of an idealized structure without cut-outs or imperfections. The second step was to add so called weight penalties for various components within the wing or fuselage. Typical aircraft components had associating weight penalty functions described in the Berry Weight Estimation. Most of the implemented calculations used Pacelab APD to get involved parameters automatically. However, some of the needed parameters had to be user specified for the implemented Berry Weight Estimation to work. Once the implementation task was finished, several sensitivity studies were made to establish a perception about the involved parameters impact on the Berry Weight Estimation results. The new implementation gave benefits compared with the Berry Weight Estimation in Bex. One of these was the ability to perform extensive trade- and sensitivity studies. The sensitivity studies gave verdicts on the most influencing parameters of the implemented code and guide lines on future improvements of the calculations. These sensitivity studies show, among other things, that is recommended to increase the number of wing and fuselage stations significantly in order to get a converged result for the Berry Weight Estimation.