In today’s society there is a growing awareness of where food is produced and there is a trend to use locally grown produce in restaurants. One way for restaurants to differentiate themselves is to grow the produce inside the restaurant. This thesis has the aim on identifying the problems and user needs for an indoor cultivation solution and developing a new indoor cultivation product that solves the identified problems and meet the user needs. To achieve this aim, a usercentered design approach was utilised and the following three research questions were answered: How can the needs of the user be translated into a product specification for indoor cultivation in restaurants? What are the functionality, usability, and construction requirements for an indoor cultivation product in a restaurant? What product concept can be designed to grow classic herbs in restaurants based on the needs of the user? To identify the needs interviews were performed with the users. The needs were then translated, together with the company’s needs, into a product specification. This was done in two steps, identifying the metrics and setting values. Some of the most important requirements are that a hydroponic system is used, that the product is easy to clean and is moveable. The product development process was iterative and included different ideation, development and evaluation methods. The users were involved in some of the evaluation methods to give input on the final design. Their opinion, together with evaluations based on the product specification, were used when choosing the final concept Lärad. Lärad uses a circulating hydroponic system and have three separate growing containers each containing 16 plants. The growing containers can be pulled out to enable easy access of the plants. Both the water system and the LED grow lights, that replaces natural sunlight, are controlled automatically to minimise the users’ involvement. To test the concept, to see how well the product specification is fulfilled, both a CAD model and a functional prototype were created. The results from the tests were, even at the concept stage, that 97% of all the tested requirements were fulfilled which shows that the concept is suitable for indoor cultivation in a restaurant environment. Some further work that includes refining the design and optimising for production will be needed to launch the product.

Research on conceptual change provides strong evidence that not only children but also many adults have incorrect or incomplete understanding of science concepts. This mixed methods study was concerned with preservice and inservice teachers’ understanding of six earth and space science concepts commonly taught in elementary school: reasons for seasons, phases of the moon, reasons for the wind, the rock cycle, soil formation, and earthquakes. The first part of the study determined and compared the level of conceptual understanding held by both groups on topics they will need to teach in the Georgia Performance Standards [GPS]. The second part focused on whether readings or hands-on learning stations, in some cases combined with concept mapping, improves preservice teachers’ understanding of these concepts. The third part described the application of conceptual change strategies of one group of preservice teachers during their field placements. The overall sample was two cohorts of preservice teachers, one cohort of preservice teachers from an alternative initial certification program, and two masters’ cohorts consisting of inservice teachers. Four data sources were: a six item open-ended survey, concept maps, the field assignments, and the researcher’s field notes. Rubrics were used to score answers to each survey question. Concept map scores were calculated based on the criteria developed by Novak and Gowin (1984). The first part of the study shows that both preservice and inservice teachers have low conceptual understanding of the earth science concepts taught in elementary school. Independent samples t-tests results indicate that both groups have similar understanding about these concepts. A two way ANOVA with repeated measures analysis demonstrated that readings and learning stations are both successful in building preservice teacher’s understanding and that benefits from the hands-on learning stations approached statistical significance. A paired samples t-test shows that concept mapping added to the participants’ conceptual understanding whether the participants learned the concepts through readings or stations. Finally, field assignments allowed the participants to apply knowledge that they learned in their science methods course in their classroom placements. This study has implications for teacher preparation programs, staff development, and conceptual change practices in field placements.

I dagsläget är en stillasittande livsstil med inget eller endast litet inslag av fysisk aktivitet vanligt förekommande. Med sin slogan – Inspiring all generations – vill HAGS Aneby AB bjuda in alla generationer till fysisk aktivitet genom sina produkter inom lek, sport och fitness. Genom att styrka idén om utomhusgym kan den fysiska aktiviteten ökas – användare ska vilja använda utomhusgym och kunder ska vilja köpa in utomhusgym. Önskemålet är att skapa attraktiva platser som stödjer fysisk aktivitet och som också gör det roligt och trivsamt att röra på sig. Detta examensarbete utförs med syfte att undersöka hur HAGS Aneby AB kan erbjuda en träningslösning med utomhusgym för offentlig utemiljö, samt undersöka vilka önskemål om utomhusgym potentiella användare har. Målet med arbetet är att formulera en kravställning baserad på insamlade användarönskemål för utomhusgym, för att med hänsyn till denna kravställning ta fram ett koncept för en ny träningslösning. Konceptet innehåller förslag på utformning av ett nytt utomhusgym med träningsredskap för den i arbetet valda målgruppen motionären samt därtill förslag på tillbehör, tjänster och samarbetsmöjligheter med aktörer relaterade till utomhusgym. Genom en användarundersökning samlas potentiella användares önskemål om utomhusgym in. Önskemålen analyseras och formuleras till krav. Med hjälp av experter inom områdena träning och hälsa tas förslag på träningsredskap fram för att passa motionären. Redskapen utvärderas med hjälp av personer från den avsedda målgruppen. Redskap som kan finnas på ett utomhusgym utformat för motionären är: boxar, slyngor, dragapparat, lyftredskap, joystick, chinsredskap, dipsredskap, armgång, balansplatta, klätterställning, magbänk och låga stänger. Ett förslag på en helhetslösning som inkluderar utomhusgym och tjänster tas fram för att möta de identifierade behoven hos användarna. Genom tjänster riktade mot användarna tillhandahålls information och olika funktioner genom mobilapplikationer, hemsidor, webbportaler och fysiska skyltar på utomhusgymmen. Dessa tjänster utformas i samarbete med de experter inom träning och hälsa som användarna litar mest på. Därtill föreslås servicetjänster riktade mot HAGS kunder som en möjlighet för HAGS att garantera kvalitet och säkerhet på sina utomhusgym. / Today a lifestyle with little or no physical activity is very common. With the slogan – Inspiring all generations – HAGS Aneby AB want to invite all generations to physical activity and movement with their playgrounds and sport and fitness products. By strengthening the idea of outdoor gyms the amount of physical activity can be increased. Users shall want to use outdoor gyms and customer shall want to buy outdoor gyms. The desire is to create attractive places which support physical activity and which also makes it fun and anjoyable to be physically active. This master thesis has been executed with the purpose to investigate how HAGS Aneby AB can provide a training solution for outdoor gyms in public outdoor environments and also to investigate what demands potential users of outdoor gyms have. Tha aim of the thesis is to formulate a specification of requirements based on collected user demands for outdoor gyms, and with consideration to the specification develop a concept for a new training solution. The concept contains suggestions on the development of a new outdoor gym with training equipment for a chosen target group as well as suggestions on accessory equipment, services and potential cooperational opportunitys with other actors on the market. By executing a user study, users demands about outdoor gyms are collected. The demands are then analysed and formulated to requirements. With help from experts in the field of training and health, suggestions on equipment for training at an outdoor gym is generated to fit the chosen target group. The training equipment is evaluated with help from people from the user target group. Training equipment that could be in an outdoor gym for the chosen target group is: boxes, suspension training straps, cable machine, lifting equipment, joystick, chin rack, dips rack, monkey bars, balance board, climbing equipment, sit-up bench and low bars. A concept for a holistic solution which includes outdoor gyms and additional services is developed to meet the identified user requirements. By services developed with the users in mind, information and different functions is provided through mobile applications, web pages and signs at the location of the outdoor gym. These services are developed in cooperation with the experts in training and health that the users trust the most. By maintenance services offered to their customers HAGS can guarantee quality for and safety at their outdoor gyms.

Projektets syfte var att effektivisera en flaskhalsstation på Dynapacs monteringslina av vältar. Dynapac tillverkar vältar för olika typer av underlag. En vält är en maskin bestående av en eller två valsar som vibrerar och packa underlaget som den kör på, exempelvis asfalt. Arbetets resultat innebär produktionseffektivisering av produktionsflödet hos Dynapac. Dynapac upplever att stationen där sammankoppling av valsarna till välten sker är en flaskhals för flödet. Anledningen till detta beror på att sammankopplingen sker vid sidan av linjen på ett specifikt monteringsbord, vilket resulterar i att många onödiga lyft krävs. För att minimera tiden så mycket som möjligt så är en ny monteringsmetod vid sammankopplingen nödvändig. Olika koncept tas fram och sedan poängsätts varje koncept där det koncept med högst poäng väljs och vidareutvecklas för att anpassas mot bland annat riskanalysen. Vid framtagning av de olika koncepten tas det hänsyn till den kravspecifikation som vi tillsammans med Dynapac tagit fram. Dynapac värnar om sina anställdas hälsa vilket medför att det ligger stort fokus kring säkerhet och ergonomi vid framtagning av den nya monteringsmetoden. Rapporten omfattar även en kort beskrivning av Scania i Oskarshamn och deras montering av lastbilshytter. Hos Scania sker montering på ett liknande sätt som hos Dynapac. Hållfasthetsberäkningar och ritningar för det valda konceptet tas fram. Ritningarna till det valda konceptet hittas bland bilagorna. / The purpose of the project was to streamline a bottleneck station on Dynapac's mounting line of rollers. Dynapac manufactures rollers for different types of groundwork. A roller is a machine consisting of one or two rollers that vibrates and pack the groundwork on which it drives, for example asphalt.The result of the work involves production efficiency of Dynapac's production flow. Dynapac finds that the station where you interconnect the rollers to each other is a bottleneck for the flow. The reason for this is because the interconnection occurs next to the line on a specific mounting table, resulting in many unnecessary lifts is needed. In order to minimize time as much as possible, a new method of interconnection is required. Different concepts are developed and then each concept is scored where the concept with highest points is chosen for further development. When developing the different concepts, consideration is given to the requirement specification that we have developed together with Dynapac. Dynapac protects the health of the employees, which means that there is a lot of focus on safety and ergonomics when developing the new assembly method. The report also includes a brief description of Scania in Oskarshamn and their assembly of truck cabins. This is a company where assembly takes place in a similar way to Dynapac and a comparison of the companies is made.Strength calculations and drawings for the chosen concept are made and the drawings are included in the annexes.

There is a large number of design options to consider when designing aircraft vehicle systems for fighter aircraft, and there is a lack of tool support that provides an overview of these available design options. Various design options will bring consequences in terms of weight, performance, cost, etc. which is desired to be known in an early conceptual phase. Conventional methods, such as morphological matrix and design structure matrix, lack the ability to generate an overview and map complex systems. By studying model-based tools in form of ontologies and feature models in Protégé and FeatureIDE respectively, these tools are considered to provide a higher level of detail regarding the available design options compared to the conventional methods, such as the morphological matrix and the design structure matrix. Ontologies and feature-models are therefore considered to increase the effectiveness in the conceptual design phase of aircraft vehicle systems. By combining ontologies and feature models, more thoughtful design decisions can be performed. An increased knowledge of the available design options can lead to an improved development of aircraft vehicle systems, and new solutions can be evaluated. By performing more detailed trade studies for an unmanned aerial vehicle, for different system solutions, various parameters such as engine power outtake, system weight, etc. can be analysed and provide an indication whether a concept should be evaluated further. It is however necessary to consider how different parameters affect the overall system, and fuel penalty may be implemented as an equivalent parameter. Performing power flow calculations do however not consider solution-specific limitations, which have to be implemented to be able to determine if an aircraft vehicle system concept should be considered advantageous or not.

The project was carried out for Semcon’s product development department. The aim of the project was to develop a concept that illustrates Semcon’s competences in their Total Design Office offer. The concept was to be developed within the medical device sector, with the purpose to self-monitor the user's health. The concept should also emphasize Semcon’s focus of being futuristic by analyzing and implementing emerging trends in health care and the medical device industry. At the start of the project a study of Semcon and its competitors was preformed to clarify the development goals. During the development process the Swedish health care system was investigated in order to identify openings for a self-monitoring device for private use. Applications were identified and evaluated according to societal importance and the result was a focus on heartmonitoring devices. The findings shows that heart disease is the most common cause of death and that a large portion of the population suffer from heart-related complications during their lives. The idea was to develop a concept that helped people discover heart problems and to motivate them to improve their lifestyle. Preventive treatment of diseases was identified as a future trend in the healthcare, due to the constant need for cost efficiency and improvements towards patient treatment. The development process was influenced by user involvement to strive for high usability in the concept. Users were identified and invited in two focus groups where their needs and ideas on thetopic of self-monitoring were discussed. By generating ideas from the user’s needs, concepts were formed and developed in several iterations of ideation methods to improved the early ideas of clearly formulated concepts. A workshop was conducted at Semcon were employees shared their expertise to verify and refine the concepts. After a selection process a final concept was chosen, the result was a wristband with an accelerometer and an ECG to provide the user with a quick evaluation of their heart and health condition. A key feature of the concept is the link it provides between user and the physician. The user will get feedback on their collected data and the physician has the ability to monitor patient condition from a distance. A user interface was developed to give the user an easy way to assimilate data without interpret medicinal values. / Examensarbetet genomfördes för Semcons produktutvecklingsavdelning i Göteborg. Syftet med projektet var att utveckla ett koncept som visar på Semcons in-house kompetenser i deras Total Design Office. Konceptet skulle utvecklas inom den medicinska sektorn och ha funktioner riktade mot privatpersoner för att göra egenkontroller av sin hälsa. Konceptet skulle också framhäva Semcons framtidsnisch genom att ligga i tiden och följa etablerade trender. Vid starten av projektet studerades Semcon och deras konkurrenter för att klargöra utvecklingsmålen för produkten. I utvecklingsprocessen undersöktes det svenska sjukvårdssystemet efter eventuella öppningar för ett egenkontrollskoncept riktat mot privat bruk. Öppningar identifierades genom läkarintervjuer på Sahlgrenska och Solna ASiH. Öppningarna utvärderades utefter samhällsnyttig betydelse och resultatet blev att inrikta sig vidare mot hjärtövervakning. Grundtanken var att utveckla ett koncept för att hjälpa människor att upptäcka hjärtproblem i tid och motivera till en förbättrad livsstil. Preventiv vård av sjukdomar hade identifierats som en framtida trend inom vården, på grund av vården konstanta behov av kostnadseffektivisering och förbättra patientnyttan inom vården. Utvecklingsprocessen var influerad av brukarmedverkan då en hög användarvänlighet var eftersträvad i konceptet. Användare var identifierade och inbjudna till två fokusgrupper där användarbehoven och idéer inom egenkontrollen av hälsa diskuterades. Insikterna från förstudien och fokusgrupperna användes i en idégenereringsprocess för att ta fram lösningar på användarnasproblem. Genom flera iterationer av idegenereringsmetoder utvecklades och förbättrades de tidiga idéerna till tydligt formulerade koncept. I denna process anordnades en workshop på Semcons däranställda bidrog med sin egen expertis för att verifiera och utveckla koncepten. Efter en urvalsprocess kunde ett slutkoncept identifieras, det blev ett armband med en inbyggd accelerometer och EKG för att utvärdera användarens hjärta och allmänna hälsotillstånd. En centralfunktion i armbandet var att kunna skicka information mellan användaren och läkare. Användaren får då möjlighet till feedback på sina insamlade data och läkaren får möjligheten att övervaka patientens tillstånd från ett avstånd. Ett användargränssnitt utvecklades för att ge användaren ett enkelt sätt att ta del av det insamlade data utan att bli tvungen att tolka medicinska värden.

Our society requires an ability for us to interact and cooperate with the people in our surroundings. This applies to both grown-ups as well as young people. In school, the teachers have a responsibility to prepare pupils for the society and using cooperative learning could be one way to do this. The syllabus for the subject of Swedish invites for teachers to work with cooperative learning by formulating that the pupils should be given the opportunities to write and process texts individually and together with others, this does not appear in the syllabus for the subject of history. Hence our interest in examining cooperative learning in both subjects. The aim of this study is to examine whether cooperative teaching can foster pupils' knowledge development in the subjects’ history and Swedish for grades 4 - 6. The study will analyze the differences between teaching through traditional teaching methods and cooperative learning. To fulfill this aim the following questions were formulated: How does pupils' understanding of concepts in history differ after cooperative learning compared to after traditional teaching?How does pupils’ descriptive writing in Swedish differ after cooperative learning compared to after traditional teaching?The study is an intervention where pupils received teaching through traditional teaching as well as through teaching using cooperative learning. After each lesson, the pupils did a test and to enable the analysis these were collected to examine the differences. The results show, in accordance with previous research, that cooperative teaching did develop the pupils’ results in both subjects.

Under det senaste decenniet har fraktcykeln genomgått något av en återupplivning. Historiskt setthar fraktcykeln använts flitigt för leveranser av post och varor för att eventuellt fasas ut av denmoderna bilen. Med tanke på de miljöproblem som då uppstått till följd av människans beroende avbilen har det uppstått en efterfrågan för utsläppsfria fordon. Företag, städer och kommuner harinsett potentialen som dagens fraktcykel besitter för att lösa dessa problem. I kombination meddagens teknik har den kommersiella fraktcykeln utrustats med elmotor vilket möjliggör många nyaanvändningsområden för fraktcykeln. I arbetet har ett koncept av en cykeltaximodul för företaget ifråga tagits fram genom systematisk produktutveckling. Konceptets material har bestämts med hjälpav programmet CES EduPack och dess miljöpåverkan i form av en livscykelanalys har studeratsgenom funktionen EcoAudit i CES EduPack. Konceptet förverkligas genom en 3D-modellering iritningsprogrammet SolidWorks. / During the last decade, the freight bicycle has experienced sort of a revival. Historically, the freightbicycle has been used extensively for deliveries of mail and goods only to become replaced by themodern car. Considering the environmental problems that have come about as a result ofhumanity’s dependence on modern four-wheeled vehicles, a demand for emission-free vehicles hasrisen. Companies, cities and municipalities have realized the potential of the modern freight cycle tosolve these problems. In line with modern technology, commercial freight bicycle has been equippedwith an electric motor, which enables many new areas of applications for the freight bicycle, manyof which the freight bicycle can replace the car as the primary mode of transportation. Some of thepossible uses are delivery of goods in urban environment and metropolitan areas, bicycle cab andmobility service. In this study, a concept of a module for a bicycle taxi has been developed through asystematic product development process. The material for the concept is selected using CES EduPackwhere its environmental impact is also studied by the way of a life cycle analysis using the functionEcoAudit within the same program. The concept is brought to life by a 3D-model using SolidWorks.

Urbanisation and a growing population has created new demands for compact living and households. Household appliances perform an important role in modern homes, where the life-cycle of the products play a significant role. Products that spend most of their time in storage are required to answer new user demands to interplay and integrate into the household, including products such as vacuum cleaners. A master thesis project for KTH Industrial Design Engineering master track, carried out in collaboration with ESSIQ AB, investigated the user needs for vacuum cleaners in-uselifecycle. The research question was: How can a vacuum cleaner be designed and adapted to facilitate compact and easy storage for the user in a modern home, without compromising its current efficiency? The goal of the project was to design an innovative product concept through a human-centred design methodology. The methodology would lead to the creation of a product designed to fulfil the user needs by focusing on user experience. Knowledge about how vacuum cleaners are stored, used, interact and how it is interpreted in everyday life, were firstly found and then analysed. To develop a suitable concept proposal, needs and requirements were gathered through interviews and observations. New concept ideas were generated and evaluated through an iterative process resulting in the development of a final concept proposal. A proof-of-concept was developed to further support the final concept. The concept is a proposal for future development and introduces a new product category. / Urbanisering och en växande population ställer nya krav för kompakta och smarta ekosystem. Hemelektronik spelar en viktig roll i många moderna hem och är betydande för ett fungerande hushåll. Produkter som spenderar mesta av sin tid i förvaring erhåller således en essentiell funktion i ett ekosystem för individen, sådana produkter inkluderar dammsugare. Ett masterexamensarbete för den Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, KTH, mastersprogram i Industridesign, utfördes tillsammans med ESSIQ AB för att undersöka de användarbehov som finns på dammsugare under sin livscykel. Problemformuleringen utgjordes av: Hur kan en dammsugare bli designad och anpassad för en användare, för att ge en kompakt och smidig förvaring i ett modernt hem, utan att kompromissa på sin nuvarande effektivitet? Målet för detta projekt var att designa ett innovativt koncept genom en användarfokuserad designmetod. En användarfokuserad process inkluderar en definition av användarens behov och fokuserar på att skapa en produkt utefter användarupplevelsen som svarar på de funna behoven. Hur dammsugaren förvaras, används, interagerar och hur den upplevs i det vardagliga livet, undersöktes för att kunna uppfylla målet. Ett anpassat konceptförslag var utvecklad genom identifiering av behov och problem hos användaren funna i intervjuer och tester. Idegenerering på nya konceptförslag utvecklades och utvärderades till ett slutgiltigt konceptförslag. Resultaten resulterade i ett konceptbevis, ett konceptförslag som uppfyller användarens behov. Konceptet fungerar som ett förslag och en grund för fortsatt arbete samt introducerar för en ny typ av produktkategori.

Detta projekt undersöker konstruktionsmöjligheterna för ett nivellerande vinschsystem till ett vågkraftverk. Kedjekonstruktionen till detta vinschsystem består av länkar med låg tolerans för vrid- och skjuvspänningar och har begränsad böjlighet vilket innebär att vinschsystemet behöver kunna vinkelkompensera för att kedjan inte ska brista. Initialt togs flera koncept fram genom att utvärdera en kravspecifikation och se vilka problem som fanns. Dessa konceptförslag modellerades sedan i Solid Edge och en ny utvärdering gjordes där förslagen utvärderades med avseende på komplexitet, vinkelstyrning, servicebarhet och energiåtgång från styrsystemen. Det förslag som var mest lovande utifrån denna utvärdering består av en vagga i vilken vinschtrumman är upphängd. Lutningen av denna vagga kan styras av två motorer och rotationsrörelsen styrs av ett rälssystem med boggier. Detta förslag vidareutvecklades sedan med hjälp av ANSYS Workbench för att göra konstruktionen lättare, undersöka utmattningsproblem samt se var spänningskoncentrationer uppstår. Från denna analys togs kravprofiler fram för ett antal komponenter som konstruktionen kräver för att kunna drivas. Vidare analys av växel, motor, lager samt energiåtgång kommer krävas för att utvärdera om hurvida konstruktionen är lönsam att bygga. / This project examines the design possiblilites for a self-leveling winch system for a wave power converter. The chain design for this winch consists of links with limited resistance to torsional shear and bending shear stress and with limited bending capabilities, which requires the winch construction to be able to compensate for angular changes to prevent the chain from breaking. Initially several designs were made by evaluating a specification of requirements and by examining the problems facing a winch based wave power converter. These designs were modelled in Solid Edge and evaluated based on complexity, angular steering, servicability and energy requirements for the control systems. The most promising of these designs is composed of a cradle in which the winch drum is mounted. The inclination of the cradle is controlled by electric motors and the rotation is controlled by a rail system with boggies. The design was then further improved upon by utilising ANSYS Workbench to decrease the mass of the design, examining problems related to fatigue failure, and studying stress concentrations. Based on this analysis a set of requirements were specified for a number of key components required for controlling the winch system. Further analysis of the transmission, motor, bearings and energy requirements for the control systems will be needed to evaluate wether the design is profitable to build.