Nous avons exploré dans la présente étude la diversité de la flore fermentaire indigène libanaise de Saccharomyces cerevisiae en collectant des échantillons de moûts de raisins en cours de fermentations naturelles de diverses localités dispersées sur le territoire libanais. Une grande diversité moléculaire de la flore libanaise a été mise en évidence, que ce soit entre différentes localités géographiques, au sein des caves ou au sein des fermentations naturelles. En dépit de cette diversité, plusieurs cas de dominance et de pérennité de souches ont été observés dans les caves vinicoles où les fermentations semblent être conduites par des lignées de souches apparentées. Une telle parenté a aussi été observée dans des zones géographiques restreintes, mais plus la zone s'élargissait moins apparente était la parenté entre souches. La flore libanaise, en dépit de sa diversité, pourrait être dotée d'une certaine spécificité en comparaison aux autres flores vinicoles. L'influence du milieu de fermentation sur la parenté des isolats semble en outre plus importante que l'effet géographique. Nous avons aussi évalué les méthodes moléculaires utilisées pour l'exploration de la diversité ; deux méthodes déjà mises au point auparavant (amplifications de séquences entre deux éléments delta et de loci microsatellites) et une nouvelle méthode que nous avons testé, le MLST. Les deux premières méthodes se sont avérées très utiles pour le typage vu la grande variabilité de leurs marqueurs et par conséquent leur grande capacité de discrimination. Par contre le schéma MLST a montré une capacité de discrimination inférieure à celle des deux autres méthodes. Il pourrait néanmoins être amélioré par l'utilisation de loci plus variables. Mais contrairement aux deux autres méthodes, le MLST est apparu plus utile pour l'inférence des relations phylogéniques, particulièrement pour les souches peu apparentées. La diversité phénotypique accompagnant la diversité moléculaire a été examinée elle aussi en vue d'une potentielle sélection de souches et pour envisager son éventuelle congruence avec la diversité moléculaire. Les souches étudiées de S. cerevisiae ont présenté des capacités fermentaires différentes ce qui pourrait être exploité pour pousser la sélection entamée dans cette étude en vue de futures utilisations oenologiques, notamment dans l'industrie vinicole libanaise. La diversité phénotypique qui a accompagné la diversité moléculaire a montré une certaine congruence avec elle. Cette congruence a été particulièrement reliée à la production élevée d'acétaldéhyde de certains profils moléculaires et elle pourrait éventuellement aider à prédire la production d'acétaldéhyde pour certaines souches.

The theory of local newforms has been studied for the group of \(PGL_n\) and recently \(PGSp_4\) and some other groups of small ranks. In this dissertation, we develop a newform theory for generic supercuspidal representations of \(SO_{2n+1}\) over non-Archimedean local fields with odd characteristic by defining a family of open compact subgroup \(K(p^m)\), \(m \geq 0\) (up to conjugacy) which are analogous to the groups \(\Gamma(p^m)\) in the classical theory of modular forms. We give lower bounds on the dimension of the fixed subspaces of \(K(p^m)\) in terms of the conductor of the generic representation, and give a conjectural description of the space of old forms. These results generalize the known cases for n = 1,2 by Casselman [4] and Roberts and Schmidt [23]. / Mathematics

La plupart des études sur la perception isolent une modalité sensorielle pour mieux l’étudier et la comprendre. Malheureusement, aucun de nos sens ne représente la seule source d’information, car une intégration sensorielle se fait en tout moment lors de la perception de l’environnement. L’information d’un sens est donc plutôt en accord ou en conflit avec l’apport d’information des autres sens. Le but de la présente étude était d’investiguer, par IRMf, les activations cérébrales d’une intégration visuelle et olfactive lorsque ces deux perceptions sont congruentes. Pour ce faire, une image et/ou une odeur étaient présentées au sujet et ce dernier devait identifier si le stimulus perçu était congruent. Ce protocole permettait d’observer les activations cérébrales lors de l’analyse d’un stimulus et la prise de décision selon la congruité du stimulus présenté. La condition de congruence vision-odeur activa les zones visuelles et olfactives plus fortement que lors des conditions contrôle (image seule, odeur seule). Ces résultats illustrent une potentialisation des aires visuelles et olfactives par une intégration d’information congruente venant de ces deux modalités. Par conséquent, l’intégration d’un stimulus visuel et odorant congruent semble rehausser la perception du stimulus. / Most studies on perception isolate one sensory modality in order to better study and comprehend it. Unfortunately, none of our senses represents the only source of information, since sensory integration is underway at all times during environmental perception. The information from one sense is therefore usually in agreement with or in conflict with the input of information from other senses. The goal of the present study was to investigate, by fMRI, the cerebral activations caused by visual and olfactory integration when these two perceptions are congruent. To do this, an image and/or an odour were presented to the subject who then had the task of identifying whether the perceived stimulus was congruent. This protocol allowed the observation of the cerebral activations during stimulus analysis and decision-making depending on the congruity of the presented stimulus. The vision-odour congruent condition activated the visual and olfactory areas more strongly than the control conditions (image only, odour only). These results illustrate a potentialization of the visual and olfactory areas by an integration of the congruent information coming from these two modalities. As a result, the integration of a visual and olfactory congruent stimulus seems to enhance the perception of a stimulus.

The overall aim of this study was to examine how the characteristics of two salient stimuli -music and message- of an audio advertisement influence the psychological state of consumers and how such a state subsequently determines their cognitive and affective responses to the advertisement. In achieving this aim, this study was guided by a combination of two cognitive resource utilisation theories, Limited Capacity Model of Motivated Mediated Message Processing (Lang, 2000) and Resource-Matching Hypothesis (Anand & Sternthal, 1989). In particular building upon inconsistency and load theories, this study proposed that certain stimulus characteristics prompted certain states of a consumer’s cognition. These two stimulus characteristics were the congruence of musical stimulus and the complexity of the message stimulus. The model then predicted the potential effect of these characteristics on certain psychological states (Psychological Discomfort and Cognitive Load) leading to affective (Attitude towards Advertisement) and cognitive (encoding, storage, and retention) responses. To empirically examine this model, an online experiment (using a 2 x 2 between-subject x 2 with-in subject mix design) was conducted, in which a mixed sample of 284 subjects was exposed to a set of audio advertisements especially designed for this study. Unfamiliar music in conjunction with a fictitious brand was used and the exposure level was maintained at low. ANCOVA, MANCOVA, two-stage hierarchical regression analysis, and Repeated-measures MANCOVA were administered to test the hypotheses presented in the conceptual model. Among major findings were that the multiple informational structures in a complex message positively influenced cognitive load, while congruent music was capable of attenuating the level of cognitive load. Incongruent music, on the other hand, was capable of generating a dissonance state experienced as psychological discomfort that in turn increased the level of cognitive load as a result of listener’s trying to resolve such a state. Both dissonance and cognitive load negatively influenced attitude towards advertisements, and the affect primacy of attitude formation appeared to be more applicable. Though high cognitive load clearly undermines encoding, storage, and retrieval processes, no evidence was found to support the Resource-matching Hypothesis. Furthermore, the findings suggested that the cognitive load offset by the congruent music would increase advertisement effectiveness by enabling its message to carry more information and by generating more favourable attitudes.

The current study examined the effects of parenting congruence on child outcome behaviors. Participants were 144 African American families with a child between 9 and 12 years old. Mothers and fathers provided self report on their behavior regarding monitoring, positive parenting, and parental beliefs. Children provided self report regarding child problem behavior, and sexual intentions. Results revealed the more congruent parents were on positive parenting behaviors the more boys thought about sex; however, results for girls were not significant. Additionally, moderation trends suggested when both parents are high on monitoring behaviors girls have thought about sex less, whereas boys think about sex less when both parents are low on monitoring behaviors. Another trend suggested the more conservative both parents are regarding attitudes about dating, the less likely boys are to have thought about sex. Thus, the combined behavior of both parents on specific parenting factors can affect boys and girls differently.

In this thesis, we propose new automation capabilities for the Coq proof assistant. We obtain this mechanization via an integration into Coq of decision procedures for propositional logic, equality reasoning and linear arithmetic which make up the core of the Alt-Ergo SMT solver. This integration is achieved through the reflection technique, which consists in implementing and formally proving these algorithms in Coq in order to execute them directly in the proof assistant. Because the algorithms formalized in Coq are exactly those in use in Alt-Ergo's kernel, this work significantly increases our trust in the solver. In particular, it embeds an original algorithm for combining equality modulo theory reasoning, called CC(X) and inspired by the Shostak combination algorithm, and whose justification is quite complex. Our Coq implementation is available in the form of tactics which allow one to automatically solve formulae combining propositional logic, equality and arithmetic. In order to make these tactics as efficient as may be, we have taken special care with performance in our implementation, in particular through the use of classical efficient data structures, which we provide as a separate library.

The goal of this paper is to outline the issue of organizational voluntary turnover in today's society as not only a financial problem but also an overarching issue that impacts departments across the entire organization. The most effective way to solve this problem is to cultivate a core set of values and beliefs that the organization will truly entrench into its practices and habits. Once this is accomplished, an organization can conduct a unique interview process that carefully and intentionally selects employees based on values congruence person-organization fit, which studies show will result in higher job satisfaction and organizational commitment, leading to increased retention.

Sammanfattning Offentliga organisationer är ofta komplexa vilket innebär utmaningar i utformning och genomförande av styrning. Ett flertal internationella studier har publicerats om styrning inom den offentliga sektorn.  Dock behövs ytterligare empiriska studier och teoretisk utveckling för att ge stöd till chefer inom offentlig sektor för att de ska kunna utnyttja resursstyrningens potential. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur styrning praktiskt tillämpas vid valda förvaltningar inom Region Gotland, samt vilken kongruens som finns mellan de olika styrmodeller som används. Region Gotland är en av många offentliga organisationer i Sverige som har tillämpat NPM-principer. Kundorientering, decentralisering och användning av styrmodeller utvecklade för det privata näringslivet genomsyrar organisationen. Det är flera olika former för styrning och ett antal olika styrmodeller tillämpas samtidigt. En kombination av olika former av styrning och styrmodeller utgör en styrmix inom organisationen. Empiriska data samlades genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer samt genom analys av Region Gotlands skriftliga styrdokument. Ett brett urval av chefer eftersträvades, verksamma inom olika förvaltningar, och slutligen har tio personer vid fyra förvaltningar intervjuats. Resultaten av studien visar att balanserade styrkort har en central plats i  Region Gotlands styrmix. Organisationens komplexitet leder till svårigheter med anpassning av modellen till verksamhetens kontext. Balanserade styrkort används mest för uppsättning av mål och dessas uppföljning. Praktisk implementering och genomförande av balanserade styrkort på verksamhetsnivå finns bara hos en förvaltning av fyra undersökta. Implementering av balanserade styrkort inom en verksamhet med stark kulturstyrning kräver engagemang av chefer på alla nivåer, stöd från toppen och tid för kulturförändring. Balanserade styrkort kräver ständigt arbete för att utveckla dem. Från denna studie framgår det inte att det finns några större problem med motsättningar mellan olika modeller. Dessa förekommer dock inom administrativ styrning, till exempel vid införande av ny policy eller nya riktlinjer. Det kan också uppstå motsättningar mellan budgeten och balanserade styrkort. Dock står det tydligt i Region Gotlands styrdokument att vid konflikter är det ekonomin som styr. Resultaten av studien bekräftar i stora drag den bild som ges i tidigare forskning. Studien ger kompletterande perspektiv genom belysningen av problematiken i en verksamhet med både kommunal och statlig styrning, samt genom den geografiska tillhörigheten (tidigare större studier på området har gjorts i andra länder). Vidare forskning om styrning i offentliga verksamheter, framför allt på verksamhetschefsnivå, är angelägen. / Abstract The purpose of this research is to analyze how management is applied practically within selected public sector administrations of Gotland Region and determine what congruence is applied between different management models. Empirical data has been collected through semi-structured interviews and together with analysis of Gotland Region governing documents. Firstly the aim was to interview a wide selection of different public sector managers. However, ten representatives from four different administrations were finally interviewed. The results of the study show that a balanced management takes a central place in Gotland Region Management Control Systems Package. The complexity of the organization causes difficulties in applying the model to the whole organization. Balanced scorecard is mostly used for goal setting and monitoring. Only in one of four administrations practical application and implementation of balanced scorecard on management level taking place. Implementation of balanced scorecards within organizations with strong cultural governance requires committed managers at all levels, support from the top managers and time for cultural transformation. This study reviled did not find major contradiction between different models of management. However, contradictions may occur within administrative control. Should a conflict between economic aspects and balanced scorecard occur, economy takes control. This rule is clearly stated in the governing documents.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T15:02:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1045810 bytes, checksum: 89ccddf6f44d1f76a5417d925d644089 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This present study had as objective to identify the correlations between religiosity, meaning of life and values in religious people. This research also verified the congruence between personal values and perceived values of religious intituition and the influence of this congruence causes at meaning of life in religious people. To do this research, we used the Viktor Frankl s Logotherapy, the Value Funcionalist Theory and the religiosity, by Religious Atitude Scale, of Aquino. This research was divided in two studies. 196 people, both sex, partipated of first study. 54 people was male (24,6%) and 142 female (72,4%). The mean age was 32, being the youngest 18 years old and the oldest 73 years old. The research had as inclusion criteria the participants belong to any religion. Most of the respondants were of evangelic religions, corresponding to 61,7% of respondentes. We used the Religious Attitude Scale, the Basic Values Questionnaire and the Purpose in life Test as intruments for data collection of this research. four dimensions were extracted from the EAR-20: Religious Knowledge, religious corporeality, religious sentiment, and religious behavior. We identified positive correlations between religious knowledge, religious sentiment and religious behavior dimensions and meaning of life as well as positive correlations between the interacional subfunction and the religious feeling and religious corporeality dimensions. It was concluded that greater religious orientation is a way to find the meaning of life. Participated in the second study 209 people, of both sexes, being 144 (67%) female and 70 (32.6%) male. The average age of participants was 29 years, with 18 years old the youngest participant and the oldest 65 years old. The majority (n = 130) reported to belong to the Catholic religion, with 66 participants belonging to the Evangelical religion, 16 and Spiritualists 2 people reported belonging to other religions. The congruence of personal values and religion values regarding normative and suprapersonal subfunctions positively influences the feeling of accomplishment of meaning in religious people. Religious people that also to have a greater sense of accomplishment meaning to give more importance to personal values consistent with the interactional subfunction that those who perceive the same values as most important to their religion. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar as correlações entre a religiosidade, sentido de vida e valores em pessoas religiosas. Esta pesquisa também verificou o índice de congruência entre os valores pessoais e os valores percebidos da instituição religiosa e qual a influencia que a congruência entre os valores exercem sobre o sentido de vida em pessoas religiosas. Para realizar esta pesquisa utilizou como aporte teórico a Logoterapia de Viktor Frankl, a Teoria Funcionalista dos Valores Humanos e a religiosidade, por meio da Escala de Atitude Religiosa, de Aquino. Esta pesquisa foi dividida em dois estudos. Participaram do primeiro estudo 196 pessoas de ambos os sexos, sendo 54 do sexo masculino (24,6%) e 142 do sexo feminino (72,4%). A idade média foi de 32 anos, sendo o participante mais jovem 18 anos e o mais velho com 73. A pesquisa teve como critério de inclusão os participantes da pesquisa pertencerem a alguma religião. A maioria dos sujeitos entrevistados era de religião evangélica, correspondendo a 61,7% dos entrevistados.. Utilizou-se a Escala de Atitude Religiosa, o Questionário dos Valores Básicos e o Purpose in Life test como instrumentos de coleta de dados desta pesquisa. Quatro dimensões foram extraídas a partir da EAR-20: Conhecimento Religioso, corporeidade religiosa, sentimento religioso e comportamento religioso. Identificou-se correlações positivas entre as dimensões conhecimento religioso, sentimento religioso e comportamento religioso e sentido de vida, assim como correlações positivas entre a subfunção interacional e as dimensões sentimento religioso e corporeidade religiosa. Concluiu-se que uma maior orientação religiosa é uma forma de encontro de sentido da vida. Participaram do segundo estudo 209 pessoas, de ambos os sexos, sendo 144 (67%) do sexo feminino e 70 (32,6%) do sexo masculino. A idade média entre os participantes foi de 29 anos, tendo 18 anos o participante mais jovem e 65 anos o mais velho. A maioria (n=130) declararam pertencer a religião Católica, sendo 66 dos participantes pertencentes à religião Evangélica, 16 Espíritas e 2 pessoas relataram pertencer a outras religiões. A congruência dos valores pessoais e da religião referentes às subfunções normativa e suprapessoal influencia positivamente no sentimento de realização de sentido em pessoas religiosas. As pessoas religiosas também tem um maior sentimento de realização de sentido ao darem mais importância aos valores pessoais condizentes com a subfunção interacionais que aqueles que percebem os mesmos valores como mais importantes para a suas religião.

In their continuous search for improved explanations of why consumers engage with certain brands more than with others, academics and managers have placed significant importance on self-brand congruence theory, which suggests that consumers are drawn to brands with characteristics that align with their own characteristics. Although this theory has been extensively investigated and supported by previous research, it has hitherto been assumed that the alignment of characteristics exhibits a similarity configuration, that is, consumers are drawn to brands with traits that mirror their own traits. By adopting a relational view of consumer-brand interactions and drawing from the literature on interpersonal relationships, specifically from theories of interpersonal attraction, the thesis explores the possibility that besides similarity, self-brand personality alignment may also exhibit a complementarity configuration, whereby consumers are drawn to brands with traits that complement their own. Using a two-phase empirical study of mixed methods [in-depth interviews and online survey (n=206)], the thesis first explores the structure of consumers’ perceptions of their own personalities and those of their favourite brands using Exploratory Factor Analysis. Results reveal that although brand personality has the same five factor structure as human personality, the composition of dimensions is distinct. The patterns of alignment between the two sets of traits are then examined through Canonical Correlation Analysis, which reveals the existence of both similarity and complementarity configurations in self-brand personality alignment. A new method for measuring the magnitude of self-brand personality alignment is then devised, which captures both configurations. The predictive power of this new measure is then compared against existing, similarity-based measures for a range of desirable brand behaviours, using Discriminant Analysis and Linear Regression. Results indicate the new measure performs well, especially for emotionally-related brand behaviours.