Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-11-30T11:32:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Viviane Letícia Silva Carrijo.pdf: 1096083 bytes, checksum: deeb2141b1888a95cb54a9e1f6f810b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-30T11:32:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Viviane Letícia Silva Carrijo.pdf: 1096083 bytes, checksum: deeb2141b1888a95cb54a9e1f6f810b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The objective of this study was to understand the contradictions generated in the process of this research in a Study Group, composed of this researcher and seventeen students of a Pedagogy course of a private higher education institution, located in the East Zone of São Paulo. Specifically, it aimed to identify and discuss: 1a. contradictions that emerged from the planned and the accomplished proposals; and 1b. contradictions that emerged in the movement of the Study Group, regarding the participants’ education and reading views. Anchored in the Socio-Historical-Cultural Activity Theory (VYGOSTKY, 1930, 1934; LEONTIEV, 1977, 1978; ENGESTRÖM, 1999, 2009), this study emphasized: contradiction as constituent of the human activity’s dialectical movement (ENGESTRÖM, 1987, 1999); language and reading in the Socio-Historical-Cultural Perspective (BAKHTIN; VOLOSHIVOV, 1929; VYGOTSKY, 1934); and Social Activity (LIBERALI, 2009, 2012) and Multiliteracies (NEW LONDON GROUP, 1996; COPE; KALANTZIS, 2009; LIBERALI et al., 2015). Methodologically, this study was anchored in the Collaborative Critical Research (MAGALHÃES, 2011, 2012, 2014), an intervention research, marked by the reflexive-critical process, permeated by contradictions. The data were analyzed by the categories of Argumentation, according to Liberali (2013), articulated to the linguistic-discursive aspects of the manifestations of contradictions, such as Engeström and Sannino (2011), Magalhães and Ninin (2016). The results showed these contradictions: reading proposal with didactic focus unrelated to the reading expertise of the participants; reading proposal and 1st meeting plan with aspects of socio-historical-cultural approach just in the name, but focused on theoretical aspects; performance activity configured in the plane of ideas; duality between theory and practice; lack of establishment of difference between the type of reading understood by the participants and a new mode; teaching-learning relationship focused on specific needs by the students and theoretical knowledge by the teacher-researcher; critical-collaborative perspective of the discussion centered on the teacher's role; reading limited to four social functions, despite the multiform reality of human activity; teaching-learning of reading by fragments of discourse genres; reading with theoretical approach to the development of specific knowledge; reading as a reproduction of the author's ideas; reading time just like the action of reading; reductionist view of the concept of Multiletramentos. Such contradictions were related to the participants of this research, and they were evident in the meetings between the different historical constitutions of these participants and in their insertion in a new type of reading study environment in the Study Group / Este estudo teve como objetivo geral compreender, criticamente, as contradições gestadas no desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa realizada em um Grupo de Estudos, composto por esta pesquisadora e dezessete alunas de um Curso de Pedagogia de uma Faculdade da Rede Privada, localizada na Zona Leste de São Paulo. Especificamente, objetivou identificar e discutir: 1a). Que contradições emergiram das propostas planejada e realizada? 1b). Quais contradições emergiram no movimento do GE quanto ao tipo de formação e às visões de leitura das participantes? Ancorado nos pressupostos teóricos da Teoria da Atividade Sócio-Histórico-Cultural (VYGOSTKY, 1930, 1934; LEONTIEV, 1977, 1978, ENGESTRÖM, 1999, 2009), este estudo enfatiza: o conceito de contradição como constituinte do movimento dialético da atividade humana (ENGESTRÖM, 1987, 1999); a linguagem e a leitura nessa perspectiva sócio-histórico-cultural (BAKHTIN e VOLOSHIVOV, 1929; BAKHTIN, 1952-53; VYGOTSKY, 1934), além de discutir Atividade Social (LIBERALI, 2009, 2012) e Multiletramentos (NEW LONDON GROUP, 1996; COPE e KALANTZIS, 2009; LIBERALI et al., 2015). Em termos metodológicos, pautou-se na Pesquisa Crítica de Colaboração (MAGALHÃES, 2011, 2012, 2014), pesquisa de intervenção, marcada pelo processo reflexivo-crítico, permeado de contradições. Os dados foram analisados pela linguagem nas categorias da Argumentação, conforme Liberali (2013), articuladas às questões linguístico-discursivas das manifestações de contradições, tal como Engeström e Sannino (2011); Magalhães e Ninin (2016). Os resultados deste estudo apontaram para as seguintes contradições: proposta de leitura com foco didático sem relação com os conhecimentos específicos das participantes; proposta de leitura e plano do 1º encontro com nomenclatura de conceitos da abordagem sócio-histórico-cultural focados em aspectos teóricos; atividade de performance configurada no plano das ideias; dualidade entre teoria e prática; falta de estabelecimento de diferença entre o tipo de leitura compreendido pelas participantes e um novo modo; relação de ensino-aprendizagem focado em necessidades específicas pelas alunas e conhecimentos teóricos pela professora-pesquisadora; perspectiva crítico-colaborativa da discussão, centrada no papel do professor; leitura limitada à quatro funções sociais, apesar da realidade multiforme da atividade humana; ensino-aprendizagem de leitura por fragmentos de gêneros do discurso; leitura com enfoque teórico para desenvolvimento de conhecimentos específicos; leitura como reprodução de ideias do autor; momento de leitura apenas como ação de ler; visão reducionista do conceito de Multiletramentos. Tais contradições estavam relacionadas à constituição dos sujeitos, participantes desta pesquisa, e manifestas nos encontros entre as diferentes historicidades desses sujeitos e na inserção deles em um novo tipo de ambiente de formação, configurado no Grupo de Estudos

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Philosophy, Interpretation and Culture Program, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

This paper describes an approach to supporting work in the office. Using and extending ideas from the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) we describe office work as a problem solving activity. A knowledge embedding language called Omega is used to embed knowledge of the organization into an office worker's workstation in order to support the office worker in his or her problem solving. A particular approach to reasoning about change and contradiction is discussed. This approach uses Omega's viewpoint mechanism. Omega's viewpoint mechanism is a general contradiction handling facility. Unlike other Knowledge Representation systems, when a contradiction is reached the reasons for the contradiction can be analyzed by the deduction mechanism without having to resort to a backtracking mechanism. The Viewpoint mechanism is the heart of the Problem Solving Support Paradigm. This paradigm supplements the classical AI view of problem solving. Office workers are supported using the Problem Solving Support Paradigm. An example is presented where Omega's facilities are used to support an office worker's problem solving activities. The example illustrates the use of viewpoints and of Omega's capabilities to reason about it's own reasoning process.

With the coming era of Internet and knowledge economy, the importance of IS/IT(information systems/information technology) to enterprises can not be overemphasized. However, if IS/IT couldn¡¦t be implemented successfully and brings its performance into full play, the effectiveness and usefulness of IS/IT are unmeaningful. The implementation of IS/IT in an organization is a complicated and dynamic process, which is effected by a variety of factors. For instance, technical factors, the psychological and behavior factors of users, even the cultural, political, economic, and institutional factors rest on the level of organization or environment may all cause the critical effects of implementing IS/IT. For the purpose of understanding the whole picture of IS/IT implementation process, this study integrates the perspective of contradiction/opposition into Structuration Theory and then proposes an interpretive framework, which can contribute to the interpretation of how and why the organization changes and develops. The framework can be used to identify the mechanism behind changing events and the context connected with them, therefore, we can adequately make sense of the complicated and dynamic social process of IS/IT implementation. By distinguishing the contradiction/opposition between structures of agents, between social structures, and between agent structure and social structure, the study interprets how and why agents respond to the enabling/constraint forces caused by structures. According to this, we can understand the unique structuration of IS/IT implementation process in an organization. For the application of the integrated framework, this study adopts qualitative research methodology and the framework for guidance to study an intensive case of ERP implementation. Through the data collection and analysis, this study identifies all of the contradiction/opposition between social entities, and the enabling/constraint social forces during the process of ERP implementation. The result reveals that the severe contradictions/oppositions between social entities caused the failure of the ERP project in Phase I. Entering the Phase II, in addition to the transformation of some structures of social entities, the new forming MIS structure exercised its political and expert power to make ERP system finally perform well. In Phase III, the case company went back to the previous stable status, because the ERP project ended and main project members withdrew. At the end of the paper, this study proposes some conclusions and suggestions for practitioners and academia, and also shows the limitation of the study.

No description available.

This research examined the language used by higher education development professionals, specifically similar and dissimilar tropes and how they shape the perception of those development professionals. By studying these linguistic devices, insight is provided into this particular occupation and the effects these devices have on perceptions and interpretation. The findings in this study could help to produce more skilled communicators in the field and could be used as a framework to study other professional positions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather data from twelve participants, and the data was then analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings revealed the types of metaphors used by higher education fundraisers and if and how they shaped their perceptions of the profession. Findings also showed what contradictions, paradoxes, and ironies are found in the field and if and how they shaped perceptions of the profession. This study applies theoretical aspects of organizational communication to the field of higher education development presenting new data. This study also provides practical implications for those currently in the field to consider.

The problem which spurred this thesis has three components. First, there are entities which we may call stuff – alluded to by uncountable nouns; these entities seem to have a duality for behaving like both (i) an object or a discrete middle size substance – which are supposed to be non-repetitive and independent, and as well as (ii) a concept or a universal – which are repetitive but dependent (on some independent substances). Second, a dichotomy persists between the two aspects of the duality: what is non-repeatable cannot be repeatable and, conversely what is repeatable cannot be non-repeatable. Third, there is a background of how we conventionally do logic, and our present trend of doing – or rather, doing away with – metaphysics. The thesis then came up with four chapters. Chapter 1 deals with the question – how can, or how do we deal with stuff predication following the conventional guidelines? – where by stuff predication I mean any predication involving stuff. I also tried there to find out some clues from Frege’s works. Chapter 2 dives into some related issues pertaining to language, grammar and the notion of constitution. Chapter 3 examines critically two types of theories or views (one of them has been recently championed by Michael Dummett and P.F. Strawson; the other by David Armstrong) arguing how repetitive entities differ from the non-repetitive ones. My counter argument is that those arguments are either fallacious or not even complete. Chapter 4 takes an Aristotelian perspective following the lead of E.J. Lowe. The thesis has a pessimistic tone at the end: the conventional method is quite inadequate as it misses some subtleties pertaining to stuff, nor could Lowe’s Aristotle take us too far. Nevertheless, one cannot – I hope – miss some deeper insights glimpsing into this work. Particularly, Chapter 3 opens up some new venues to think about: our thoughts about our own arguments and proofs may need some revamping.

A análise de contradições é uma área relativamente nova, multidisciplinar e complexa que tem por objetivo principal identificar pedaços contraditórios de texto. Ela pode ser abordada a partir das perspectivas de diferentes áreas de pesquisa, tais como processamento de linguagem natural, mineração de opinioes, recuperação de informações e extração de Informações. Este trabalho foca no problema de detectar contradições em textos – mais especificamente, nas contradições que são o resultado da diversidade de sentimentos entre as sentenças de um determinado texto. Ao contrário de outros tipos de contradições, a detecção de contradições baseada em sentimentos pode ser abordada como uma etapa de pós-processamento na tarefa tradicional de análise de sentimentos. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta duas contribuições principais. A primeira é um estudo exploratório da tarefa de classificação, na qual identificamos e usamos diferentes ferramentas e recursos. A segunda contribuição é a adaptação e a extensão de um framework de análise contradição existente, filtrando seus resultados para remover os comentários erroneamente rotulados como contraditórios. O método de filtragem baseia-se em dois algoritmos simples de similaridade entre palavras. Uma avaliação experimental em comentários sobre produtos reais mostrou melhorias proporcionais de até 30 % na acurácia da classificação e 26 % na precisão da detecção de contradições. / Contradiction Analysis is a relatively new multidisciplinary and complex area with the main goal of identifying contradictory pieces of text. It can be addressed from the perspectives of different research areas such as Natural Language Processing, Opinion Mining, Information Retrieval, and Information Extraction. This work focuses on the problem of detecting sentiment-based contradictions which occur in the sentences of a given review text. Unlike other types of contradictions, the detection of sentiment-based contradictions can be tackled as a post-processing step in the traditional sentiment analysis task. In this context, we make two main contributions. The first is an exploratory study of the classification task, in which we identify and use different tools and resources. Our second contribution is adapting and extending an existing contradiction analysis framework by filtering its results to remove the reviews that are erroneously labeled as contradictory. The filtering method is based on two simple term similarity algorithms. An experimental evaluation on real product reviews has shown proportional improvements of up to 30% in classification accuracy and 26% in the precision of contradiction detection.

A análise de contradições é uma área relativamente nova, multidisciplinar e complexa que tem por objetivo principal identificar pedaços contraditórios de texto. Ela pode ser abordada a partir das perspectivas de diferentes áreas de pesquisa, tais como processamento de linguagem natural, mineração de opinioes, recuperação de informações e extração de Informações. Este trabalho foca no problema de detectar contradições em textos – mais especificamente, nas contradições que são o resultado da diversidade de sentimentos entre as sentenças de um determinado texto. Ao contrário de outros tipos de contradições, a detecção de contradições baseada em sentimentos pode ser abordada como uma etapa de pós-processamento na tarefa tradicional de análise de sentimentos. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta duas contribuições principais. A primeira é um estudo exploratório da tarefa de classificação, na qual identificamos e usamos diferentes ferramentas e recursos. A segunda contribuição é a adaptação e a extensão de um framework de análise contradição existente, filtrando seus resultados para remover os comentários erroneamente rotulados como contraditórios. O método de filtragem baseia-se em dois algoritmos simples de similaridade entre palavras. Uma avaliação experimental em comentários sobre produtos reais mostrou melhorias proporcionais de até 30 % na acurácia da classificação e 26 % na precisão da detecção de contradições. / Contradiction Analysis is a relatively new multidisciplinary and complex area with the main goal of identifying contradictory pieces of text. It can be addressed from the perspectives of different research areas such as Natural Language Processing, Opinion Mining, Information Retrieval, and Information Extraction. This work focuses on the problem of detecting sentiment-based contradictions which occur in the sentences of a given review text. Unlike other types of contradictions, the detection of sentiment-based contradictions can be tackled as a post-processing step in the traditional sentiment analysis task. In this context, we make two main contributions. The first is an exploratory study of the classification task, in which we identify and use different tools and resources. Our second contribution is adapting and extending an existing contradiction analysis framework by filtering its results to remove the reviews that are erroneously labeled as contradictory. The filtering method is based on two simple term similarity algorithms. An experimental evaluation on real product reviews has shown proportional improvements of up to 30% in classification accuracy and 26% in the precision of contradiction detection.

Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-07-12T21:27:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ERICHSEN FERNANDES SABÓIA IZÍDIO – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGH) 2016.pdf: 3344415 bytes, checksum: 68831d1bfc7e6e19588bfcecbc196d86 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-12T21:27:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ERICHSEN FERNANDES SABÓIA IZÍDIO – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGH) 2016.pdf: 3344415 bytes, checksum: 68831d1bfc7e6e19588bfcecbc196d86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a trajetória de modernização urbana de Fortaleza, principalmente entre os anos 1930 e 1940, demonstrando as tensões sociais acerca de ações de diversão e entretenimento e perceber como os jornais denunciavam e criticavam os problemas da cidade, construíam malhas a ampliar atos disciplinares, gerenciavam o redimensionamento da cidade de Fortaleza como estratégia a aprisionar os divertimentos de acordo com os grupos sociais em cena. A partir da análise de matérias em jornais, processos crimes e outros textos, procurou-se entender a situação “civilizadora” em curso da primeira metade do século XX, e a disputa que procurou delimitar e pressupor o fim de divertimentos essencialmente populares, que comumente compartilhavam do espaço destinado a práticas consideradas imorais. Dessa maneira, as preocupações daqueles meios que legaram representações de Fortaleza destinaram estratégias de disciplinamento sobre práticas populares. Entre diferentes discursos de denúncias, culminou-se a resistência de práticas cotidianas, os jogos de azar sobreviveram ao encarceramento e continuam a desdenhar de escritos que não sejam aqueles letrados pelo prazer de apostas. O que está em jogo é o próprio jogo, é o distanciamento das diversões entre diferentes categorias sociais. / This work aims at analyzing the trajectory of urban modernization in Fortaleza, mainly between the 1930s and 1940s, demonstrating social tensions about fun activities and entertainment and see how newspapers denounced and criticized the city's problems, built meshes to enlarge disciplinary actions, managed the resizing of the city of Fortaleza as a strategy to imprison the entertainment according to the social groups on the scene. From the analysis of articles in newspapers, processes, crimes and other texts, we tried to understand the "civilizing" situation in the course of the first half of the twentieth century, and the contention that sought to define, assume and end essentially popular entertainments, commonly they shared the space for practices that were considered immoral. Thus, the concerns of those means which bequeathed representations of Fortaleza that destined disciplining strategies on popular practices. Between different discourses of complaints, they led the resistance of everyday practices, gambling survived the incarceration and continue s to spurn the written more than those who are educated for the pleasure of gambling. What is at stake is the game itself, the distancing of entertainment among different social categories.