nÃo hà / O estresse à um fenÃmeno muito comum entre os profissionais da Ãrea da saÃde, em especial em enfermeiros assistenciais que convivem 24 por dia realizando cuidados diretos aos pacientes. Diante disso, objetivou-se identificar o nÃvel de estresse e o modo de enfrentamento (coping) de enfermeiros de um hospital escola em Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. Estudo do tipo transversal, descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado no setor de clÃnica cirÃrgica do Hospital UniversitÃrio Walter CantÃdio, da Universidade Federal do CearÃ. A pesquisa foi realizada em novembro/dezembro de 2015 e compuseram a amostra 23 enfermeiros de um universo de 26. Autores como Guido, Bianchi e Lima foram importantes para fundamentar a anÃlise. Dos sujeitos pesquisados, 17 (74%) eram do gÃnero feminino, 14 (60%) estavam na faixa etÃria de 31 a 40 anos de idade, uma faixa etÃria ainda bastante jovem. Em relaÃÃo ao tempo de formado, 10 (44%) tinham entre 1 e 5 anos de formado e nenhum tinha menos de um ano ou mais de 16 anos de formado. Do total, 13 (57%) possuÃam mais de um emprego, tambÃm 13 (57%) trabalhavam de 31 a 40 horas por semana. Quanto ao turno de trabalho, 13 (56%) trabalhavam em plantÃes diurnos. Em relaÃÃo ao tempo de atuaÃÃo na unidade, 11 (48%) tinham de 1 a 10 anos de serviÃo na clÃnica cirÃrgica. Percebeu-se que 14 (61%) apresentaram estresse mÃdio, 9 (39%) estresse baixo e nenhum alto estresse. O fator de coping com maior mÃdia entre os enfermeiros do HUWC foi o 7, que à aceitaÃÃo de responsabilidade, com mÃdia 5,6. A estratÃgia mais utilizada para conviver com os estressores sem o adoecimento foi olhar para o problema objetivamente (mÃdia de 4,10). A partir dos dados obtidos, à importante que sejam tomadas medidas de intervenÃÃo eficientes no intuito de diminuir o nÃvel de estresse entre os colaboradores, impactando de forma positiva na qualidade de vida no trabalho. / Stress is a very common phenomenon among health care professionals, especially in clinical nurses who live 24 hours a day performing direct patient care. Therefore the objective was to identify the level of stress and coping mode (coping) of nurses in a university hospital in Fortaleza. It is a study of cross-sectional, descriptive quantitative approach, performed surgical clinic of the Hospital Walter CantÃdio the Federal University of CearÃ. The survey was conducted in November / December 2015 and comprised the sample 23 nurses from a pool of 26. Authors such as Guido, Bianchi and Lima were important to substantiate the analysis. Of the subjects, 17 (74%) were female, 14 (60%) were aged 31-40 years old, an age group still quite young. Regarding the time since graduation 10 (44%) had between 1 and 5 years after graduation and had no less than 1 year or more than 16 years after graduation. Of the total, 13 (57%) have more than one job, also 13 (57%) work 31-40 hours per week. As for the shift 13 (56%) have daytime shifts. In relation to the operating time in unit 11 (48%) have 1-10 years of service in the surgical clinic. There are 14 (61%) had a mean stress, 9 (39%) had low stress and no one showed high stress. The coping factor with the highest average among HUWC of Nurses was seven, which is acceptance of responsibility averaging 5.6. The strategy most commonly used to hang out with stressors without the illness was looking at the problem objectively (average of 4.10). From the data obtained, it is important to have collective discussion to personal and institutional awareness to reduce stressors and hence the stress level of these professionals, so that they can develop their professional activities with reasonable quality of working life.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a relação entre o bem-estar pessoal e o uso de estratégias de coping religioso entre crianças. A investigação teve como base dois estudos realizados a partir de uma única coleta de dados. O primeiro estudo refere-se à tradução, adaptação e validação da escala Children´s Religious Coping (CRC) e foi dividido em duas fases: (1) tradução, adaptação e teste piloto (N = 74) e (2) Aplicação e Validação da Escala CRC. Participaram da pesquisa 1612 crianças entre 08 e 13 anos (M = 10,2; DP = 1,47), sendo 54,7% meninas, matriculadas em escolas públicas (54,6%) e particulares (45,4%) do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram realizadas Análises Fatoriais Exploratórias e Confirmatórias para verificar a estrutura fatorial da escala, além de análise da consistência interna. Os resultados indicaram uma composição da CRC com duas dimensões: Coping Religioso Positivo (CRP), formada por 19 itens em três fatores, e Coping Religioso Negativo (CRN), formada por 12 itens em três fatores. Os índices de consistência interna apresentaram bons níveis tanto para a escala geral ( = 0,90), como para as duas dimensões ( = 0,92 para CRP; e = 0,81 para CRN). Pode-se afirmar que a escala apresentou bons indicadores de funcionamento para essa amostra, mostrando-se um instrumento promissor para futuras pesquisas. O segundo estudo teve como objetivo principal avaliar a relação entre o bem-estar pessoal e o uso de estratégias de coping religioso pelas crianças. Foram utilizados como instrumentos a escala CRC adaptada e o Índice de Bem-estar Pessoal para Crianças (PWISC). Através de análises descritivas foram avaliados o índice de bem-estar pessoal e a satisfação com diferentes domínios da vida. Também foram descritas a frequência do uso de estratégias de coping religioso, e as situações de estresse relatadas pelas crianças. ANOVAs indicaram que o índice de bem-estar é maior entre meninos, bem como entre as crianças menores. Em relação ao uso de estratégias de coping, foram encontradas diferenças significativas por idade no uso das estratégias de CRP, indicando que à medida que a idade aumenta, diminui o uso dessas estratégias. As análises de regressão múltipla identificaram a dimensão CRP, especificamente as estratégias relacionadas à crença no apoio e proteção de Deus, como preditor de maior bem-estar, e a dimensão CRN, especificamente as estratégias relacionadas à reavaliação do estressor como uma punição, como preditor de menor bemestar. Conclui-se que as crianças fazem uso de diferentes estratégias de coping religioso ao lidarem com situações de estresse e que esse engajamento parece estar relacionado ao seu bem-estar pessoal. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the personal well-being and the use of religious coping strategies of children. The investigation was based upon two studies made from a single data collection. The first study concerns the translation, adaptation and validation of the Children’s Religious Coping Scale (CRC) and it was divided in two phases: (1) Translation, Adaptation and Pilot Test (N = 74) and (2) Application and Validation of the CRC Scale. A number of 1612 children between 08 and 13 years old (M = 10.2, SD = 1.47), of which 54.7% girls, enrolled in public (54.6%) and private (45.4%) schools of the State of Rio Grande do Sul participated in the research. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factorial Analyses were performed to verify the scale’s factor structure, besides the analysis of the internal consistency. Results indicated the CRC was composed by two dimensions: Positive Religious Coping (PRC), with 19 items in three factors, and Negative Religious Coping (NRC), consisting of 12 items in three factors. The internal consistency indices showed good levels both for the overall scale ( = .90), as well as for the two dimensions ( = .92 for PRC; and = .81 for NRC). It can be stated that the scale showed good indicators of functioning for this sample, demonstrating that it can be a promising instrument for future research. The second study aimed mainly at evaluating the relationship between personal well-being and the use of religious coping strategies by children. The instruments used were the adapted CRC scale and the Personal Wellbeing Index - School Children (PWI-SC). Personal well-being and satisfaction with different life domains were evaluated through descriptive analyzes. The frequency of the use of religious coping strategies and stressful situations reported by children were also described. ANOVAs indicated that the well-being index is higher among boys and between younger children. Regarding the use of coping strategies, significant age differences were found in the use of the PRC strategies, indicating that as age increases, the use of these strategies decreases. The multiple regression analysis identified the PRC dimension, more specifically the strategies related to the belief in the support and protection of God, as a predictor of greater well-being, and the NRC dimension, more specifically the strategies related to the revaluation of the stressor as a punishment, as a predictor of lower well-being. Our conclusion is that children make use of different religious coping strategies to deal with stressful situations and that this engagement seems to be related to their personal well-being.

A avaliação do potencial de risco de um evento estressor, bem como a elaboração de estratégias de enfrentamento depende, fundamentalmente, da função cognitiva do indivíduo. Considerando o déficit cognitivo presente em idosos com Doença de Alzheimer (DA), este estudo teve por objetivo verificar a intensidade de estresse e o estilo de coping predominantemente utilizado por eles. Para isto, foram aplicadas escalas de avaliação dos indicadores de estresse (Lista de sintomas de estresse, Escala Cornell de depressão, IDATE-traço), além de um instrumento que acessa o estilo de coping utilizado pelo indivíduo (Inventário de coping de Jalowiec) em dois grupos de idosos, sendo 30 composto por um grupo controle com idosos cognitivamente saudáveis e, outro com 30 indivíduos portadores de DA leve. Embora tanto os idosos com demência, como os cognitivamente saudáveis tenham apresentado estatisticamente a mesma intensidade de estresse, as características qualitativas, referentes à sintomatologia desta síndrome, refletiram uma disposição de apreensão e confronto ao evento estressor no grupo controle, e de fuga e resignação no grupo DA. Com relação ao estilo de coping, embora não tenha havido diferença significativa entre os grupos (p=0.124), observou-se um predomínio do estilo de coping focado na emoção no grupo DA e focado no problema no grupo controle. Além disso, observou-se que quanto melhor o desempenho cognitivo dos idosos com DA, maior a tendência em utilizar estratégias de coping focadas no problema (p=0.0074). Assim, parece que embora haja uma tendência, nos idosos com DA, a eleger estratégias de enfrentamento evasivas e de controle emocional, em detrimento da tentativa de solucionar o problema ou minimizar suas conseqüências, a estratégia de coping utilizada irá depender do desempenho cognitivo apresentado pelo indivíduo. / The potencial risk assessment of a stress event and the elaboration of coping strategies depend on cognitive function. Considering the cognitive impairment in elderlies with Alzheimer´s Disease (AD), this study aimed to verify the stress intensity and coping style used by them. For this, it was applied assessment test of stress indicators (Symptom Stress List, Cornell Scale for Depression, IDATE-trait), besides an instrument that access the coping style (Jalowiec Coping Inventory), in two groups, one with 30 healthy cognitive elderlies\' control group, and another with 30 persons mild AD. The results demonstrated that both of them had the same stress intensity, even though the qualities characteristics, regarding the syndrome symptoms, reflected an apprehension disposition to the stress event on control group and the escape and resignation on AD group. As for the coping style, even though it had not been statistically significant (p=0.124), it was observed in this study, an emotion-focuses coping predominance in AD group and problem-focused coping in control group. Besides, it was observed in AD group that the individuals with better cognitive development selected coping strategies focused on problem (p=0.0074). Thus, even though there is a tendency in elderlies with AD to select escape strategies and emotional control, rather than of the attempt to solve or to decrease the consequences arise from the problem, the coping will depends on the cognitive performance of the person.

Studien har undersökt symptom samt hantering av PMS genom en enkätstudie där 72 kvinnor i åldrarna 18-49 deltagit. Syftet med studien var att beskriva symptombild och kvinnors sätt att hantera PMS. Fokus riktades mot vad kvinnorna gör för att hantera upplevda symptom och vi har tittat på olika samband. Resultaten visade att de allra flesta kvinnor upplever något PMS-symptom och förekomsten är hög (98,5%) med en spridd symptombild. Mest förekommande symptom när det gäller svåra besvär var ilska/lättretlighet, gråtmildhet och fysiska symptom. Det vanligaste sättet att hantera och förhålla sig till sin PMS i vår studie är ett medvetet och accepterande förhållningssätt. Att äta sötsaker, undvika sociala aktiviteter samt träna mindre har ett signifikant negativt samband med känslan av att kunna hantera sin PMS. Studien har även belyst att ökad medvetenhet hos kvinnor kan gynna deras förmåga att hantera PMS och föreslår fortsatt forskning inom området med fokus på behandlings metoder.

Denna studie använder ett “coping” perspektiv för att undersöka studenters upplevelser av en underkänd salstentamen och hur de hanterat denna händelse. Studien är kvalitativ och baseras på sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med programstudenter vid Umeå universitet som någon gång under sin studietid fått underkänt på en salstentamen. Hanteringen av den underkända salstentamen presenteras som en process som sker över tid. Resultatet visade att studenternas copingprocess var både emotionsfokuserad och problemfokuserad. Den emotionsfokuserade copingen innebar strategier i form av sociala jämförelser, sökande av stöd, normalisering och externa attributioner. Den problemfokuserade copingen kom senare i processen och handlade om interna attributioner, inställningar och lärdomar av den underkända examinationen.

The descriptive purpose of this study was to explore and describe the manner in which a South African informal settlement community is coping with HIV&AIDS, by relying on existing assets and local resources. The intervention-related purpose was to explore how an activist intervention research approach might facilitate change and empower an informal settlement community in relation to community members’ ways of coping with HIV&AIDS. Theoretically the study conceptualised asset-based coping, thus adding to available literature on the asset-based approach and coping. The practical value lies in documenting an example of one community’s coping with HIV&AIDS, which may inform other communities during future capacity building initiatives. Furthermore, the study provides methodological knowledge concerning the potential value of employing activist intervention research within the context of coping with HIV&AIDS. The conceptual framework of the study constituted the HIV&AIDS pandemic, coping theory and the asset-based approach. I followed a qualitative research approach guided by an interpretivist epistemology. I employed an instrumental case study design, applying PRA (Participatory Reflection and Action) principles. I purposefully selected the case (a South African informal settlement community and primary school through which I entered the community), as well as the participants (educators, community members and other stakeholders of the community). Data collection consisted of an intervention (focus groups combined with workshops that relied on PRA informed techniques), interviews, observation, a field journal and visual data collection techniques. Four prominent themes emerged subsequent to inductive data analysis. The community experienced certain challenges and stressors within the context of HIV&AIDS. Besides general challenges like poverty, unemployment and at-risk sexual behaviour, community members displayed vulnerability with regard to HIV&AIDS and identified challenges when supporting other people living with HIV&AIDS. Various assets and potential assets were identified in and around the community, upon which the community might rely in coping with the challenges associated with HIV&AIDS. Thirdly, the community displayed certain trends in coping with HIV&AIDS, relying on community-based coping to deal with being infected with HIV or living with AIDS, coping with other community members living with HIV&AIDS, or caring for children orphaned due to HIV&AIDS. Finally, participants’ active involvement in the intervention research resulted in unchanged-, as well as changed coping strategies. Based on the findings, I conceptualised the construct asset-based coping, defining it as the ability to deal with challenges, by identifying and mobilising existing assets, as well as external resources available. I proposed asset-based coping as one possibility of coping with HIV&AIDS. In terms of research methodology, I combined research and intervention in an innovative manner, by developing and employing an activist intervention research approach. Active participation and their role as research partners enabled educators to experience increased levels of self-worth, take agency and be empowered in the context of community-based coping with HIV&AIDS. / Thesis (PhD (Educational Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

Background: Negative effects on health caused by work-related stress is widespread among nurses because of several factors, for example a high workload in combination with great responsibilities for patients' safety, health and wellbeing. In-patient care is an area where nurses experience particularly high demand and where the effects on patient safety also risk being especially severe, whereby it is not possible to ignore, it is of assence to explore what coping strategies are experienced as stress reducing. Aim:  The aim of this study was to describe nurses coping strategies to manage occupational stress in in-patient care. Methods: A qualitative literature review. Articles analysed using a thematic analysis method. Results: The findings are based on ten qualitative scientific articles. Three main themes were identified: Resoursces and support for managing stress, Attitudes for managing stress, Behavior and activity for managing stress. Conclusion: The authors of this study argue for the importance of combining implementation of education programs on stress-reduction with structural changes of outer conditions on a local as well as a global level.

abstract: This study examined whether the New Beginnings Program (NBP), a preventive parenting intervention, led to changes in coping strategies and coping efficacy in emerging adults whose families had participated in the program 15 years earlier. Gender and baseline risk were examined as moderators of these relations. Participants (M = 25.6 years; 50% female) were from 240 families that had participated in an experimental trial (NBP [mother-only, mother-child] vs. literature control). Data from the pretest and 15-year follow-up were used. Multiple regression analyses revealed that pretest risk interacted with program participation in the mother-only condition of the NBP such that offspring entering the program with higher pretest risk reported significantly less avoidant coping 15 years later. There was a marginal effect of participation in the NBP on problem-focused coping; emerging adults who had participated in the NBP had marginally higher levels of problem-focused coping. There were no significant main effects nor interactive program by risk or program by gender effects on support coping or coping efficacy. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for implementation of preventive interventions and research on pathways of coping. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Psychology 2019

Syftet med den föreliggande studien var att undersöka om elever i årskurs 1–3 på gymnasiet upplever stress, vilka copingstrategier de använder sig av för att hantera/förebygga stress samt om det fanns skillnader mellan män och kvinnor i upplevd stress och val av copingstrategier. Metoden som användes var av kvantitativ ansats. Enkäter användes som datainsamlingsmetod för studien. Enkäterna som användes var PSS-10 för att mäta stress samt Brief- COPE 28 för att mäta copingstrategier. Dessa enkäter är använda i tidigare forskning inom samma område. Urvalet bestod av gymnasielever från årskurs 1–3 hemmahörande i Gävle och Stockholm. Resultatet visade att det fanns en korrelation mellan upplevd stress och val av copingstrategi. Det fanns en positiv korrelation mellan stress och copingstrategierna ”undvikande” och ”distraktion”. Det vill säga att dessa två copingstrategier var kopplade till högre nivåer av rapporterad stress. Det fanns också en negativ korrelation mellan stress och problemlösande coping. Detta betyder att problemlösande coping var kopplat till lägre nivåer av rapporterad stress. Resultatet visade också att de fanns en signifikant skillnad mellan könen i upplevd stress. Männen hade en signifikant lägre PSS-10 poäng än kvinnorna och är då enligt det resultatet mindre stressade än kvinnor. Resultatet visade även att det fanns en signifikant skillnad mellan män och kvinnor när det kom till användandet av copingstrategierna ”undvikande” och ”distraktion”. Båda dessa strategier användes i större utsträckning av kvinnorna i studien. De slutsatser som kan dras utifrån studiens resultat är att bland de deltagande gymnasieeleverna är kvinnorna mer stressade än männen. Det fanns också skillnader mellan männen och kvinnorna när det kom till tillämpade av copingstrategierna ”undvikande” och ”distraktion”. Vidare finns det också en skillnad mellan copingstrategier och stress, vissa strategier genererar mer stress, alternativt att graden av stress gjorde att en viss copingstrategi valdes i högre utsträckning. / The aim of this study was to examine if Swedish students in upper secondary school felt stress, what coping strategies they use to cope with/prevent stress and if there is a difference between men and women.  The method used for this study was quantitative approach, using surveys for the collection of data. The surveys used are SPSS-10 for measuring stress and Brief-COPE 28 for measuring level of use of coping strategies. Both surveys have been used in research purpose before and in similar studies. Students from upper secondary level classes in Gävle and Stockholm was given the surveys.  The results of this study show a correlation between stress and what coping strategies students use. There was a positive correlation between stress and the use of avoiding and distraction as coping strategies. This means that avoiding and distraction was linked with higher levels of reported stress. There was a negative correlation between stress and problem-solving coping. This means that problem-solving as a coping strategy was linked with lower levels of reported stress. The results also showed a significant difference in stress levels between men and women. Men had a significant lower score on the SPSS-10 survey than the women, which indicates lower levels of stress. Results also showed a significant difference between men and women when it comes to using the coping strategies “avoid” and “distraction” with both being used more frequently by women.  The conclusions we can draw from the results are that in upper secondary school women are more stressed than men in this specific study. There is also a difference between men and women when it comes to applying the coping strategies “avoid” and “distraction”. Lastly there is also a difference in stress and the use of coping strategies. However, we do not know if stress affect the choice of coping strategy or if the coping strategy affects the level of stress within individuals. / <p>Uppsatsen tilldelades stipendiemedel ur Överste och Fru Adolf Johnssons fond 2023.</p>

The diploma thesis deals with adolescents who grew up in a dysfunctional family environment. The content of the literary-review part of the diploma thesis will be devoted to dysfunctional family systems in which the basic needs of the child are not met. It will also address the key areas of development for understanding the child's experience within individual ages of development up to adolescence. Attention will also be paid to coping strategies and child support resources during development. The research survey will consider the qualitative design, which will take place through an interview with the help of adolescents. The target group will be adolescents who grew up in a dysfunctional family environment. The aim of this research will be to describe the experience of adolescents in dysfunctional family systems. Thanks to the research part, the elaboration of this diploma thesis can be a tool for understanding the feelings and experiences of children who grew up in this environment. It can thus be applied in working with adolescents, but also with the parents of these children. At the same time, it can be a source for the prevention of mental decompensation and the possible development of more serious mental problems. Keywords Family; Dysfunction; Development; Adolescents; Coping