A parada cardiorrespiratória é um evento potencialmente letal, e a qualidade do atendimento prestado depende da agilidade, conhecimento e habilidade de toda a equipe envolvida. O desenvolvimento de um guia com os pontos relevantes a serem observados durante o atendimento à PCR intra-hospitalar surgiu em 1997, com a criação do In-Hospital Utstein Style por uma força tarefa de especialistas em atendimento e pesquisa em PCR. Trata-se de um guia que agrega informações acerca do atendimento à PCR, contendo um relatório padrão para coleta de dados, divido em variáveis: do paciente, do evento e de resultados, além de algumas informações adicionais. A criação de um relatório padrão de coleta de dados, permitiu uniformizar a linguagem, bem como o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas, baseadas no mesmo modelo. Com a finalidade de disponibilizar o In-hospital Utstein Style para a realidade brasileira, este instrumento foi submetido ao processo de tradução e adaptação cultural, nas seguintes etapas: tradução para o português, retro-tradução para a língua de origem, análise por comitê de juízes para avaliação das equivalências semântica, idiomática, cultural e conceitual. O resultado deste processo gerou um instrumento para pré-teste, aplicado em 20 pacientes que sofreram PCR, com a finalidade de verificar o comportamento do instrumento em nossa realidade. As variáveis de resultado não foram coletadas, pois pressupõe o acompanhamento destes pacientes ao longo do tempo. A amostra foi constituída por 60,0% de homens, com idade média de 63 anos ±16,17. O ritmo de PCR mais comum foi atividade elétrica sem pulso (65,0%), o tempo médio para desfibrilar foi de 1,25 minutos. Assim como observado por pesquisadores internacionais, existem informações perdidas durante o atendimento, não registradas, prejudicando a coleta dos dados referentes a este momento. A análise dos dados, permite concluir que o instrumento é aplicável à realidade brasileira, tornando possíveis comparações com estudos internacionais, buscando melhor atendimento ao evento da PCR. A falta de preenchimento de alguns itens , principalmente aqueles referentes às variáveis do evento (coletados no momento da PCR), podem ser perdidos, por falta de preenchimento adequado do instrumento, por profissionais médicos e de enfermagem. O treinamento e incentivo para melhorar a quantidade e qualidade de registros, tornam possíveis, através da aplicação do Utstein Style conhecer cada atendimento feito e toda a assistência prestada, identificando prováveis falhas e principalmente investindo em qualidade de vida após o evento / Cardiopulmonary Arrest is a potentially lethal event in which the quality of the service rendered depends on agility, knowledge and the skills of all of the involved team. The development of the first guide identifying the significant points to be taken during the procedure of an in-hospital CPA appeared in 1997, with the creation of the In-Hospital Utstein Style by a task force of personnel specialized in attendance and research of CPA. This guide brings together information concerning CPA attendance and contains a standardized report for collecting data which is divided into the following variables: patient, event, and the outcome, as well as some other additional information. The creation of this standardized report for collecting data made it possible to standardize the language as well as to develop new research based on the same model. With the intended goal of making available, the In-hospital Utstein Style for Brazilian professionals, this instrument underwent a process of translation and cultural adaptation in the following steps: translation into Portuguese, back-translation into its original language and finally analysis by a committee of judges to evaluate semantics, idiomatic, cultural and conceptual equivalences. The outcome of this process resulted in a pre-test instrument applied to 20 patients who had had CPA in order to verify the behavior of this instrument according to our reality. The outcome variables were not collected, because it involved accompanying these patients over a lengthy period of time. The sample consisted of 60% men, with an average age of 63 years ±16, 17. The most common CPA rhythm was pulseless electrical activity (65%); the defibrillation average time was 1.25 minutes. Therefore, as verified by international researchers, there is a loss of information during the attendance, which is not-recorded, thus hindering the collection of data concerning the moment of the CPA. With the data analysis, we can conclude that the instrument is adaptable to the Brazilian reality, enabling further comparisons with international studies, therefore improving the care administered during the CPA event. The failure to complete some of the items principally those referencing the variables of the CPA event (that should have been collected at the CPA moment) could result in critical data being lost if not properly answered in the report done by attending medical and nursing personnel. Personnel trained and encouraged to improve the quantity and quality of date collection can make it possible, through the utilization of the Utstein Style, to better understand each attendance and assistance rendered, identifying possible failures and, above all, enabling further investments in quality of life after the arrest

事實已經證明，會計師事務所的員工流動率相當的高，雖然高流動率是可以預期的，或甚至是事務所期望的，但若離職的員工是事務所希望留住的員工，或者是因為離職的原因並不正常，則可能會給專業界帶來一些問題。影響員工流動率的因素很多，但不論就哪一個因素來探討，均不若“組織文化”之涵蓋廣泛。任一組織均有其特殊之文化，此一文化與員工之間產生互動，進而影響員工繼續留在此一組織中之意願，因此，就組織文化對員工在職期間之影響做一探討，可對會計師事務所員工流動率的問題有一較宏觀的認知。 　　本研究基於對會計專業界未來發展之關心，以三家事務所之離職與在職員工為調查對象，利用問卷進行調查研究，試圖了解各家事務所之組織文化是否有所差異以及組織文化對員工在職期間之影響。在組織文化理論方面，藉由Schein與Ott對組織文化之概念與理論做一整合性探討，以利於對組織文化之起源與發展有一較深刻之了解，並說明其與O'Reilly, Chatman, and Caldwell所發展之OCP組織文化問卷之關聯。而根據回函之統計結果，發現三家事務所均很重視工作成果及工作細節，也非常強調團隊合作，但在穩定性與創新性上則有差異。本研究並以相關分析、變異數分析、鑑別分析及適存分析等進行樣本資料之統計分析。 　　研究結果發現： 　　1.男性之在職期間可能比女性長。 　　2.已婚者之在職期間可能比未婚者長。 　　3.教育程度愈高者其在職期間愈短。 　　4.到職日年齡愈大者，其在職期間可能愈長。 　　5.具有與會計師事務所性質相似之工作經驗者，其在職期間可能愈長。 　　6.事務所組織文化較重視穩定者，其員工之在職期間比較長。而是否具有會計師資格及績效評估好壞對員工之在職期間長短則無顯著之影響。 / High turnover in the field of public accounting is evidenced in the fact that 70%-95% of new professionals hired will leave within 6 years. While high turnover rate can be expected, it becomes a problem when the wrong people leave, or leave for the wrong reasons. There are many studies focus on individual factor or factors which influence the employee turnover. All these studies are on "micro" level. On the contrary, "organizational culture" can give us a more "macro" understanding of employee turnover. 　　This study investigate the relationship between organizational culture and employee retention in three CPA firms. I introduce the organizational culture theory based on Schein's and Ott's conceptual work. According to the descriptive statistics, I found that "Outcome", "Detail" and "Team Work" are emphasized in all firms, but significant difference exists in "Stability" and "Innovation" dimensions among three firms. This study also uses correlation analysis, ANOVA, descriminant and survival analysis to analyze data. 　　Result of the Study results suggest that 　　1. Male employee retention time may be longer than female's. 　　2. Tenure of married may be longer than that of unmarried. 　　3. The higher the education level, the shorter the retention time. 　　4. The greater the employee's age, the longer the retention time. 　　5. Employee who has prior working experience in accounting firm might stay longer than that who hasn't. 　　6. Employee retention in CPA firm which emphasizes "Stability" may be longer than that in CPA firm which emphasizes "Innovation". Female employee is more influenced by organizational culture. 　　7. Male employee that has CPA license might stay longer than that hasn't. Whether female employee had the CPA license or not may not influence her retention. 　　8. Performance evaluation doesn't have influence on employee tenure.

Ce travail de thèse a pour but l'étude expérimentale et théorique de l'interaction de la molécule H2 avec des impulsions laser de durée inférieure à 10fs. L'éjection des deux électrons de la molécule par le champ laser conduit à la fragmentation du système en deux protons. Ce processus est appelé explosion coulombienne. La mesure des spectres d'énergie cinétique des protons permet d'analyser les dynamiques électronique et nucléaire en fonction des différents paramètres laser. Ces dynamiques sont également analysées dans le cadre d'un modèle théorique non perturbatif, à deux électrons actifs, basé sur l'équation de Schrödinger dépendant du temps. Dans ce modèle, la distance internucléaire est traitée de façon quantique.<br /><br /><br />La complémentarité des résultats expérimentaux et théoriques permet de mettre en évidence la translation des spectres d'énergie cinétique vers les énergies plus élevées lorsque la durée de l'impulsion diminue. Cette étude est réalisée pour des impulsions dans la gamme de 40 à 10fs expérimentalement et jusqu'à 1fs théoriquement. Cette étude montre également que, pour des durées d'impulsion laser inférieures à 4fs, la phase absolue devient un paramètre essentiel à prendre en compte. En outre, la dynamique moléculaire de H2 en champ laser intense ultracourt est également sensible à la valeur de l'éclairement crête de l'impulsion. Les résultats théoriques et expérimentaux montrent que les spectres d'énergie sont centrés autour d'une énergie plus élevée quand l'éclairement augmente. Par ailleurs, deux régimes d'ionisation double sont également mis en évidence théoriquement pour des impulsions de 4fs. La sensibilité de H2 à la qualité temporelle de l'impulsion laser permet une détection, par l'intermédiaire des spectres expérimentaux d'énergie cinétique, des pré- ou post-impulsions susceptibles d'apparaître autour de l'impulsion laser principale. Enfin, les différents types d'ionisation double sont étudiés et les résultats mettent en évidence la dynamique électronique attoseconde de la recollision et l'influence de cette dernière sur la dynamique nucléaire femtoseconde.

Cette étude avait pour objectif premier une caractérisation biomécanique du simple pas chez le sujet " normal ". À cet effet, on a considéré l'effet de la vitesse, ce qui a notamment permis de tester l'invariance de l'égalité entre la perturbation appliquée au corps lors de son accélération et la contre-perturbation lors de son freinage (CPA) permettant le retour au repos. Ainsi , le rôle des CPA se trouve explicité. Dans une seconde série expérimentale, on a considéré l'effet du frottement à l'arrêt du mouvement. L'objet de cette série était de caractériser la modification des caractéristiques biomécaniques chez le sujet " normal ". La caractérisation n'a pas soulevé de problèmes majeurs, l'effet de la vitesse se confirmant pour les deux coefficients de frottement (COF) considérés ( Téflon et Carrelage ). En revanche, les différences entre caractéristiques biomécaniques paraissent ne pas être significatives quand le COF diffère. Néanmoins, si l'on considère les résultats individuels, on constate que la durée des CPA tend à être systématiquement supérieure pour le COF le plus faible (Téflon), alors que le pic d'amplitude est systématiquement inférieur . Ces résultats incitent à approfondir l'étude de l'effet du frottement sur le simple pas. En conclusion , le simple pas semble être un paradigme permettant d'obtenir des résultats robustes et facilement utilisables pour étudier des personnes vieillissantes ou handicapées .

L'étude des fluides géologiques passe par la description précise des propriétés thermodynamiques des systèmes eau - gaz sur de larges gammes de températures, pressions et compositions à partir d'équations d'état. Les équations d'état cubiques de type Van der Waals couramment utilisées telles que Soave Redlich Kwong (SRK) ou Peng Robinson permettent des calculs simples à mettre en oeuvre sur de larges gammes de températures et de pressions à partir des paramètres critiques des fluides étudiés. En revanche, la précision de ces modèles se dégrade lorsque l'eau devient un composant majeur du mélange puisque ni l'association par liaisons hydrogène ni les interactions dipolaires ne sont prises en compte dans ces modèles.<br />Sur le principe de la factorisation des fonctions de partition, l'énergie de Helmholtz d'un fluide peut être écrite sous la forme de la somme des différentes contributions énergétiques. Le modéle développé ici pour H2O et H2S considère trois contributions : celle du fluide de référence de type Van der Waals prise en compte par une équation cubique, celle de l'association par liaison hydrogène par un terme issu du modèle Cubic Plus Association (CPA) et celle des interactions dipolaires entre molécules non liées par la théorie Mean Spherical Approximation (MSA). Le modèle CPAMSA ainsi proposé est à six paramètres ajustables dont trois sont des grandeurs physiques compatibles avec leur estimation expérimentale.<br />Les propriétés thermodynamiques de l'eau pure sont ainsi sensiblement mieux reproduites qu'avec le modèle CPA le long de l'équilibre liquide - vapeur et les extrapolations à plus hautes températures et pressions sont satisfaisantes. De même, la prise en compte des interactions dipolaires dans la molécule H2S améliore significativement les calculs volumétriques effectués avec une équation d'état cubique simple.<br />Des règles de mélange simples entre molécules dipolaires ont été élaborées afin de modéliser le système binaire H2O - H2S par une approche symétrique. Les compositions des phases à l'équilibre liquide - vapeur sont reproduites avec des écarts moyens aux données expérimentales inférieurs à 7% tout comme pour les systèmes H2O - CO2 et H2O - CH4. Excepté pour ce dernier système, les paramètres d'interaction binaire ajustés sur les données expérimentales sont proches de zéro confirmant que le modèle proposé prend bien en compte les principales contributions énergétiques de ces fluides.

La sélectivité des hydrates vis-à-vis du CO2, fait à l'heure actuelle l'objet de travaux visant à mettre au point un procédé de captage du CO2 des fumées de combustion. Cette valorisation des hydrates fait partie des procédés de captage dits de "3ème génération", qui dans un contexte de transition énergétique, viennent apporter des solutions aux inconvénients associés aux procédés de 1ère génération (amines). L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est de proposer une étude des équilibres thermodynamiques associés à ce type de procédé. Le volet expérimental porte sur la mesure des conditions d'équilibre d'hydrates mixtes de CO2/N2 en présence de promoteurs (Tetrahydrofurane, Bromure de tetrabutyl et Fluorure de tetrabutyl ). Les données produites ainsi que les données de la littérature ont permis la validation du modèle développé. Le modèle proposé est construit autour de l'équation CPA (Cubic Plus Association) pour la modélisation des phases fluides et de l'approche de van der Waals et Platteeuw pour traiter la phase hydrate.

O prognóstico após a parada cárdio-respiratória (PCR) e reanimação cardio-pulmonar (RCP) depende de intervenções críticas, particularmente, do tempo de resposta entre a chamada de socorro ou resgate, até a chegada ao local onde se encontra a vítima, além das compressões torácicas eficazes, da desfibrilação precoce e do suporte avançado de vida. Para avaliar a eficácia e a adequação dos procedimentos de RCP durante a PCR, entidades e associações científicas se reuniram e elaboraram o Utstein Style out-of-hospital, cujas definições e instrumento, usados para registro do evento, têm sido amplamente utilizadas em todo o mundo, bem como para estudos publicados sobre atendimento à parada cardíaca. A adoção de um instrumento de consenso internacional levou a uma grande evolução guidelines de reanimação e a progressos científicos, possibilitando a troca de informações mais efetivas para promover comparações internacionais em relação aos procedimentos de ressuscitação tendo como propósito codificar variáveis, mensurar aspectos do processo e avaliar resultados dos atendimentos na PCR fora do hospital. Apesar do grande numero de PCR que ocorre no Brasil, não há, até então, um instrumento em nosso idioma adaptado à nossa realidade. Este trabalho teve pro objetivos realizar a tradução e adaptação cultural do Utstein Style out-of-hospital, com base nos pressupostos metodológicos de Guillemin (2002). O instrumento foi, também, testado em dois centros de atendimento pré-hospitalar para verificar a viabilidade de sua utilização. Como resultado deste estudo metodológico obtivemos um instrumento traduzido para o idioma português, com algumas modificações necessárias para sua adaptação à cultura nacional, sugeridas por um comitê de juizes e cuja aplicação, ainda que em pré-teste, permitiu verificar que os resultados obtidos assemelham-se aos dados internacionais. O maior número de causas de PCR ocorreu em adultos do sexo feminino (58,8%), com idade acima de 29 anos. Grande parte das paradas cardíacas foi identificada por espectador (47,0%), pelo Serviço Médico de Emergência (35,5) e pelo médico (17,5%). Quanto à ocorrência da PCR, 82,4% foi por causa desconhecida e 17,6% por trauma / The prognostic after the cardiac arrest and cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is dependent of critical interventions, particularly, time reply called until place, efficient chest compressions early defibrillation and the advanced life support. The definitions of the Utstein style and the instrument of register have been widely used in published studies of cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA), what it took to a great evolution and the progress for international consensuses on science and guidelines of resuscitation, making possible the exchange of information more effective to promote international auditorship in relation to the resuscitation procedures having as intention to codify variable, to measure aspects of the process and to evaluate resulted of the take care of in the CPA of the hospital. Currently several countries already use with this purpose. The Utstein was approved by the international committees. Although the great one number of CPA in Brazil, we did not possess an instrument in our language and adapted. This instrument underwent a process of translation into Portuguese, back-translation into its original language and finally analysis by a committee of judges to evaluate semantics, idiomatic, cultural and conceptual equivalences, with the authorization of the AHA, following the recommendations of Guillemin, revised in 2002. The instrument was tested in two centers the out-of-hospital attendance to verify the use of in the Brazilian country and making possible comparisons with international data, enriching adding the evolution of the CPR in the world. As result of this study we got an instrument translated into the Portuguese language, with some necessary modifications for its adaptation to the national culture, suggested for a committee of judges and whose application allowed verifying that the gotten results resemble it the international data. The biggest number of CPA causes occurred in adults, females (58.8%), with age above of 29 years. Great part of the CPA was identified by witness (47.0%), the Emergency Medical Service (35.5%) and by the physician (17.5%). Several occurrences of CPA, 82.4% it was for unknown cause and 17.6% for trauma

A parada cardiorrespiratória é um evento potencialmente letal, e a qualidade do atendimento prestado depende da agilidade, conhecimento e habilidade de toda a equipe envolvida. O desenvolvimento de um guia com os pontos relevantes a serem observados durante o atendimento à PCR intra-hospitalar surgiu em 1997, com a criação do In-Hospital Utstein Style por uma força tarefa de especialistas em atendimento e pesquisa em PCR. Trata-se de um guia que agrega informações acerca do atendimento à PCR, contendo um relatório padrão para coleta de dados, divido em variáveis: do paciente, do evento e de resultados, além de algumas informações adicionais. A criação de um relatório padrão de coleta de dados, permitiu uniformizar a linguagem, bem como o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas, baseadas no mesmo modelo. Com a finalidade de disponibilizar o In-hospital Utstein Style para a realidade brasileira, este instrumento foi submetido ao processo de tradução e adaptação cultural, nas seguintes etapas: tradução para o português, retro-tradução para a língua de origem, análise por comitê de juízes para avaliação das equivalências semântica, idiomática, cultural e conceitual. O resultado deste processo gerou um instrumento para pré-teste, aplicado em 20 pacientes que sofreram PCR, com a finalidade de verificar o comportamento do instrumento em nossa realidade. As variáveis de resultado não foram coletadas, pois pressupõe o acompanhamento destes pacientes ao longo do tempo. A amostra foi constituída por 60,0% de homens, com idade média de 63 anos ±16,17. O ritmo de PCR mais comum foi atividade elétrica sem pulso (65,0%), o tempo médio para desfibrilar foi de 1,25 minutos. Assim como observado por pesquisadores internacionais, existem informações perdidas durante o atendimento, não registradas, prejudicando a coleta dos dados referentes a este momento. A análise dos dados, permite concluir que o instrumento é aplicável à realidade brasileira, tornando possíveis comparações com estudos internacionais, buscando melhor atendimento ao evento da PCR. A falta de preenchimento de alguns itens , principalmente aqueles referentes às variáveis do evento (coletados no momento da PCR), podem ser perdidos, por falta de preenchimento adequado do instrumento, por profissionais médicos e de enfermagem. O treinamento e incentivo para melhorar a quantidade e qualidade de registros, tornam possíveis, através da aplicação do Utstein Style conhecer cada atendimento feito e toda a assistência prestada, identificando prováveis falhas e principalmente investindo em qualidade de vida após o evento / Cardiopulmonary Arrest is a potentially lethal event in which the quality of the service rendered depends on agility, knowledge and the skills of all of the involved team. The development of the first guide identifying the significant points to be taken during the procedure of an in-hospital CPA appeared in 1997, with the creation of the In-Hospital Utstein Style by a task force of personnel specialized in attendance and research of CPA. This guide brings together information concerning CPA attendance and contains a standardized report for collecting data which is divided into the following variables: patient, event, and the outcome, as well as some other additional information. The creation of this standardized report for collecting data made it possible to standardize the language as well as to develop new research based on the same model. With the intended goal of making available, the In-hospital Utstein Style for Brazilian professionals, this instrument underwent a process of translation and cultural adaptation in the following steps: translation into Portuguese, back-translation into its original language and finally analysis by a committee of judges to evaluate semantics, idiomatic, cultural and conceptual equivalences. The outcome of this process resulted in a pre-test instrument applied to 20 patients who had had CPA in order to verify the behavior of this instrument according to our reality. The outcome variables were not collected, because it involved accompanying these patients over a lengthy period of time. The sample consisted of 60% men, with an average age of 63 years ±16, 17. The most common CPA rhythm was pulseless electrical activity (65%); the defibrillation average time was 1.25 minutes. Therefore, as verified by international researchers, there is a loss of information during the attendance, which is not-recorded, thus hindering the collection of data concerning the moment of the CPA. With the data analysis, we can conclude that the instrument is adaptable to the Brazilian reality, enabling further comparisons with international studies, therefore improving the care administered during the CPA event. The failure to complete some of the items principally those referencing the variables of the CPA event (that should have been collected at the CPA moment) could result in critical data being lost if not properly answered in the report done by attending medical and nursing personnel. Personnel trained and encouraged to improve the quantity and quality of date collection can make it possible, through the utilization of the Utstein Style, to better understand each attendance and assistance rendered, identifying possible failures and, above all, enabling further investments in quality of life after the arrest

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T21:39:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 Antonio Carlos GIANOTO1.pdf: 620239 bytes, checksum: aa779772dff23531ab717870d36823d3 (MD5) Antonio Carlos GIANOTO2.pdf: 1522259 bytes, checksum: 928d1a566cc9977b69a13b358fe13a50 (MD5) Antonio Carlos GIANOTO3.pdf: 2036577 bytes, checksum: 4ef7b886a0d20792d494deb085435041 (MD5) Antonio Carlos GIANOTO4.pdf: 1519186 bytes, checksum: cce13633bbc1cf7d5714a8dd727dd008 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-29 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The aim of this elaboration is to present a study of the migration process involved transforming the digital PBX (Private Branch Exchange), TDM (Time Division Multiplex), SPC (Stored Program Control) based platforms of corporate communications on technology to converged IP (Internet Protocol) systems supported by the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) protocol. This proposal analyzes the necessary interventions in order to preserve the investments made in these platforms, integrating them to existent data networks. Beside other benefits presented in this work, one key advantage is the possibility to transport voice over an existing data infrastructure, optimizing usage of carrier connections. / O objetivo desta dissertação é o de apresentar um estudo do processo de migração de plataformas de voz PABX (Private Automatic Branch Exchange) TDM (Time Division Multiplex) de comunicações corporativas baseadas na tecnologia CPA-T (Controle por Programa Armazenado estágio de comutação temporal digital), para sistemas convergentes suportados pelo protocolo TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). São analisadas as intervenções necessárias para esta migração, preservando ao máximo os investimentos efetuados nestas plataformas, integrando-as as redes de dados existentes. Dentre outras vantagens apresentadas no texto, destaca-se a otimização dos acessos fornecidos pelas operadoras de telecomunicações pelo compartilhamento da infra-estrutura da rede de dados para o tráfego de sinais de voz.

The ultrashort chirped pulse amplification (CPA) laser technology opens the path to high intensities of 10^21 W/cm² and above in the laser focus. Such intensities allow laser-matter interaction in the relativistic intensity regime. Direct diode-pumped ultrashort solid-state lasers combine high-energy, high-power and efficient amplification together, which are the main advantages compared to flashlamp-pumped high-energy laser systems based on titanium-doped sapphire. Development within recent years in the field of laser diodes makes them more and more attractive in terms of total costs, compactness and lifetime. This work is dedicated to the Petawatt, ENergy-Efficient Laser for Optical Plasma Experiments (PENELOPE) project, a fully and directly diode-pumped laser system under development at the Helmholtz–Zentrum Dresden – Rossendorf (HZDR), aiming at 150 fs long pulses with energies of up to 150 J at repetition rates of up to 1 Hz. The focus of this thesis lies on the spectral and width manipulation of the front-end amplifiers, trivalent ytterbium-doped calcium fluoride (Yb3+:CaF2) as gain material as well as the pump source for the final two main amplifiers of the PENELOPE laser system. Here, all crucial design parameters were investigated and a further successful scaling of the laser system to its target values was shown. Gain narrowing is the dominant process for spectral bandwidth reduction during the amplification at the high-gain front-end amplifiers. Active or passive spectral gain control filter can be used to counteract this effect. A pulse duration of 121 fs was achieved by using a passive spectral attenuation inside a regenerative amplifier, which corresponds to an improvement by a factor of almost 2 compared to the start of this work. A proof-of-concept experiment showed the capability of the pre-shaping approach. A spectral bandwidth of 20nm was transferred through the first multipass amplifier at a total gain of 300. Finally, the predicted output spectrum calculated by a numerical model of the final amplifier stages was in a good agreement with the experimental results. The spectroscopic properties of Yb3+:CaF2 matches the constraints for ultrashort laser pulse amplification and direct diode pumping. Pumping close to the zero phonon line at 976nm is preferable compared to 940nm as the pump intensity saturation is significantly lower. A broad gain cross section of up to 50nm is achievable for typical inversion levels. Furthermore, moderate cryogenic temperatures (above 200K) can be used to improve the amplification performance of Yb3+:CaF2. The optical quality of the doped crystals currently available on the market is sufficient to build amplifiers in the hundred joule range. The designed pump source for the last two amplifiers is based on two side pumping in a double pass configuration. However, this concept requires the necessity of brightness conservation for the installed laser diodes. Therefore, a fully relay imaging setup (4f optical system) along the optical path from the stacks to the gain material including the global beam homogenization was developed in a novel approach. Beside these major parts the amplifier architecture and relay imaging telescopes as well as temporal intensity contrast (TIC) was investigated. An all reflective concept for the relay imaging amplifiers and telescopes was selected, which results in several advantages especially an achromatic behavior and low B-Integral. The TIC of the front-end was improved, as the pre- and postpulses due to the plane-parallel active-mirror was eliminated by wedging the gain medium.