This diploma thesis focuses on free content licenses used on internet and on extending of options which provides the classical copyright protection. It compares various kinds of licenses, their advantages in actual usage and at the same time disadvantages of specific licenses when using for particular works. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the usage of specific licenses which are used for freely provided content and possibly to extend the version of these licenses to such, which would better reflex to the needs of current trends. Another objective is to evaluate current state of the use of licences on the Czech internet and to compare it to the world trends.

With thoughts about questioneing ownership and the protection of design, I want with my bachelorproject “kopimi-kopiyu” try finding different paths for my work and ideas. In a world that is being more and more regulated in favour for the bigger companies, I want to act and create among alternatives forces such as Creative Commons and Open-Source.With Internet as a starting plattform, I want to communicate my ideas that we can consume our products in different ways. Such a way could be that you produce some of the parts yourself. Maybe a way that also will lead you away from your daily “empty consumtion” of goods.Some of my projects tend to lean into the field of do-it-yourself, a field I find fullfilling. My idea about the “D.I.Y” is that we should also have more do-it-together. A way of doing more things together could be that we open up our wood workshops in the public schools during the weekends. They could function as a platform for people to meet other people. My work could then act as a catalyser bringing people and ideas together.With the spreading of my design and the knowledge about the tools I use, I believe in a society that is less focused on money and more focused about people.Nothing is carved in stone (except runic writing) - anything is possible if we want to change.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-07T13:06:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 danieldominguesgoncalves.pdf: 1028604 bytes, checksum: 7f017ed5e2074f8d54d7c2ded6fc0593 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T12:35:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 danieldominguesgoncalves.pdf: 1028604 bytes, checksum: 7f017ed5e2074f8d54d7c2ded6fc0593 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T12:37:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 danieldominguesgoncalves.pdf: 1028604 bytes, checksum: 7f017ed5e2074f8d54d7c2ded6fc0593 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T12:37:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 danieldominguesgoncalves.pdf: 1028604 bytes, checksum: 7f017ed5e2074f8d54d7c2ded6fc0593 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-21 / Este estudo procura analisar a adequação do sistema de licenciamento de direitos autorais desenvolvido pela Creative Commons Foundation ao Direito Autoral Brasileiro. Procura ainda o estudo compreender quais os possíveis contornos jurídicos de uma cultura cada vez mais colaborativa em relação à produção de conteúdo e licenciamento. Por fim, tenta determinar quais as consequências e possíveis necessidades de adequação da legislação brasileira necessárias frente à uma nova dinâmica de relações jurídicas. Expondo o conteúdo das licenças Creative Commons, será analisado o conteúdo jurídico das mesmas, bem como dados estatísticos da distribuição das licenças, quem as usa, como as usa e ainda quais as tendências apontadas a partir dos dados. Com fundamento no Marco Teórico do “Direito Como Integridade” na obra de Ronald Dworkin, a presente dissertação traz os resultados pesquisa, que consistem em uma comparação do comportamento habitual dos usuários das obras autorais licenciadas sob o Creative Commons, em relação à proposição legislativa do sistema jurídico brasileiro, e quais as possíveis consequências jurídicas e necessidades de atualização legislativa, tendo em vista essa nova dinâmica de produção e comercialização de conteúdo em ambiente virtual. / This study aims to examine the adequacy of the copyright licensing system developed by Creative Commons Foundation to Brazilian copyright laws. Also, the study intends to understand what possible legal contours of an increasingly collaborative culture in the production of content and licensing. Finally, it tries to determine what are the consequences and possible adaptation needs of the Brazilian legislation towards a new dynamic of legal relations. By exposing the contents of the Creative Commons licenses, it will analyze the legal content of the same, as well as statistical data on the distribution of licenses, who uses them, how they are used and also what the trends identified from the data. Based on the theoretical framework of "Law as Integrity" from the work of Ronald Dworkin, this dissertation brings the research results, which consist of a comparison of the usual behavior of users of copyrighted works, licensed under Creative Commons, in relation to the legislative proposal of the Brazilian legal system, and what are the possible legal consequences and legislative updating needs regarding the new dynamics of production and marketing of content in a virtual environment.

Aštuntajame XX a. dešimtmetyje išplitus skaitmeninėms technologijoms ir didžiajai daliai žmogaus gyvenimo persikėlus į skaitmeninę erdvę, autorių teisių įstatymai ėmė nebeatitikti susiklosčiusios situacijos ir nepagrįstai riboti informacijos sklaidą bei prieinamumą internete. Siekiant padėti autoriams ir kūrinių naudotojams išspręsti šias problemas bei skaitmeninėje erdvėje sukurti protingą ir lanksčią autorių teisių apsaugos sistemą, 2001 m. buvo įkurta Creative Commons organizacija, 2002 m. pasiūliusi visuomenei autorių teisių suteikimo sutartis – Creative Commons licencijas. Šios skaitmeninės formos sutartys įgalina autorių ar jo teisių turėtoją suteikti teisę kitiems asmenims neribotą laiką, bet kurioje pasaulio valstybėje, nemokamai naudotis sutartyje aiškiai nurodytomis autorių turtinėmis teisėmis į skaitmeninės formos literatūros, mokslo ar meno kūrinį. Tačiau naudojantis bendruoju CC licencijų variantu, parengtu remiantis JAV autorių teisės nuostatomis, ir nesuderintu su teisės aktais, kyla klausimas, ar tokios licencijos užtikrina pakankamą autorių teisių apsaugą Lietuvoje. Siekiant atsakyti į šį klausimą ir išanalizuoti CC licencijų santykį su klasikiniais autorių teisių įstatymais, pirmoje šio darbo dalyje atskleidžiama CC licencijos sąvoka, tikslai bei pagrindinės sąlygos. Antroje darbo dalyje didžiausias dėmesys skiriamas galimų problemų identifikavimui, taikant CC licencijas Lietuvoje. Taip pat apžvelgiamas bendrųjų (tipinių) CC licencijų naudojimas ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In eight decade of twentieth century the appearance and development of digital technologies moved a great part of human life into cyberspace. However copyright laws were in conflict with factual situation and started to interfere with the dispersion and accessibility of information in internet. In 2001, aiming to help authors and users to deal with those problems and to develop reasonable and flexible copyright protection, Creative Commons organization was created. In 2002 this organization introduced to the public agreements, known as CC licenses, granting author’s economic rights to the user. These digital agreements enables author or holder of his rights, to grant other party perpetual, worldwide, royalty-free right to use authors economic rights to literature, science or art works. Though using unported version of CC licenses, which was prepared according to USA copyright law, may raise the question of secure copyright of unported licenses in Lithuania. Search for the answer to the above question and analysis of the relation between CC licenses and classical copyright law is provided. In the first part of this paper objectives, main features and concept of CC licenses are indicated. In the second part considerable attention is given to indicate possible problems while using CC licenses in Lithuania. The usage and internationalization of CC licenses are also developed in the second part of the paper. Finally, conclusion is made that unported CC licenses, even not... [to full text]

In recent years, the cyberspace had led to significant evolution of information transmission. Indie musician upload their music to StreetVoice and Youtube to display themselves. They also keep good connections with other musicians and fans through Social Network. Consequently, network has been one of the most important environment for musician to create. Whether network is well creativity space for indie musician involves conflicts between its enhancing and inhibiting factors. We use Csikszentmihalyi¡¦s three-pronged systems model and four major regulators:Law, Norms, Market, Architecture in the book of ¡§Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace¡¨ by Lawrence Lessig as the study framework. This research takes qualitative approach with twelve interviewees. All of them are indie musician. Following the data analysing, the results present the life of creativity can been divided into three stage: copy, shadow and create. When people go through the three stages, their knowledge of music will become more rich. Musician can write or sing a song to express what they want and who they are. The results of this analysing, network could bring several enhancing factors Including promotion, grouping, sharing, encouragement and expanding fans. According to the analysis observed that network architecture isn¡¦t robust now. Indie musicians are afraid that law can¡¦t protect their copyright of music on network. In the part of norms, indie musicians want all of their musics on network are perfect. Furthermore, indie musicians don't believe that network could made enough profit to cover their basic expenses.

ccMixter.org, an online remix community that uses Creative Commons licenses to protect and promote their work, is a unique site of musical activity whose discourse is shaped by an egalitarian ideology. However, simultaneously exists a hierarchical structure in which some remixes are considered better than others. This report explores the coexistence of these two paradigms, and seeks to frame the discussion within the context of current IP policy politics, the open source movement, and fundamental shifts that the Internet has caused in communication. / text

Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / El actual escenario mundial, revolucionado por el desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, presenta una serie de desafíos tanto a los derechos de propiedad intelectual como a los derechos que garantizan a toda persona el acceso a la cultura. El paradigma de la creación monopolizada por un sector que podríamos denominar “profesional” da paso a uno nuevo, en el cual, dadas las herramientas de la era digital, cada persona tiene en sus manos la posibilidad de crear y difundir una obra de su autoría con contenido creativo. Gran parte de estas creaciones pueden ser clasificadas como obras derivadas, las que resultan de la transformación de una obra primigenia u originaria. Esta democratización de la creatividad se ha visto constreñida por la intensificación de la protección de los derechos de propiedad intelectual, generada por el cada vez más importante rol de tales derechos en el comercio internacional. Es claro que la creatividad como valor social es algo deseable por toda nación, para su desarrollo cultural, social y económico, como lo es también la defensa y protección de los intereses morales y patrimoniales derivados de la producción cultural. Si bien ambos conceptos se encuentran intrínsecamente relacionados, el devenir de la normativa sobre propiedad intelectual ha provocado un desequilibrio entre aquello que reconocemos como los intereses públicos y privados, de acceso y protección, respectivamente. Las obras derivadas son un ejemplo claro de esto, pues si bien los avances tecnológicos facilitan la generación de contenido creativo a partir de obras preexistentes, el estricto régimen de autorizaciones que imponen las normas sobre propiedad intelectual dificulta dicha tarea. Iniciativas como las licencias Creative Commons buscan reestablecer el equilibrio que debe existir en la normativa sobre derecho de autor, facilitando el acceso a contenido creativo y posibilitando la producción de nuevas obras, empoderando a los autores para que sean estos quienes definan aquello que puede o no ser realizado con su obra. Sin embargo, resulta vital el definir si dicho equilibrio es suficientemente garantizado con las decisiones particulares de los autores.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:46:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KEILA EIKO FELIPE MORI DALLARA.pdf: 712675 bytes, checksum: 84f20ba60ba9cf5a016c41df8aeba410 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-19 / The Copyright Office is essential that aims to preserve the credit and economic exploitation by the authors over their creations. The present study deals with the analysis of protection taking into account the application of civil liability duty to indemnify those who violate the precepts of protection of copyright. Alongside is a survey of the current condition of the educational system combined with parental economic deficiencies of the population and the difficulty in gaining access to literary works in the learning process. Seeks to raise questions about the need for change in order parental aiming flexibility regarding the copyright to allow free access to works protected by the academic community. / O Direito Autoral é instituto fundamental que visa preservar os créditos e a exploração econômica por parte dos autores em relação as suas criações. O presente estudo trata da análise desta proteção levando em consideração a aplicação da responsabilidade civil com dever de indenizar quem viola os preceitos da proteção do direito de autor. Paralelamente é feito um levantamento da atual condição do sistema educacional pátrio combinado com as deficiências econômicas da população e a dificuldade em se ter acesso a obras literárias no processo de aprendizagem. Busca-se levantar questionamentos a cerca da necessidade de alteração do ordenamento pátrio visando flexibilizar o Direito Autoral no tocante a permitir acesso livre a obras protegidas por parte da comunidade acadêmica.

Une e-Université est une université qui utilise les nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication (NTIC) pour remplir ses missions traditionnelles : la production, la préservation et la transmission du savoir. Ses activités consistent donc à collecter et analyser les données de recherche, à diffuser les écrits scientifiques et à fournir des ressources pédagogiques numériques. Or ces biens immatériels font souvent l'objet de droits de propriété littéraire et artistique, notamment le droit d'auteur et le droit sui generis des producteurs de bases de données. Ceci oblige les e-Universités soit à obtenir des autorisations nécessaires des titulaires des monopoles, soit à avoir recours aux exceptions légales. La recherche et l'enseignement font l'objet d'exceptions légales (cf. art. L. 122-5, 3°, e) du Code de la propriété intellectuelle (CPI) et dans les art. 52a et 53 de la Urheberrechtsgesetz (UrhG)). Toutefois, celles-ci s'avèrent manifestement insuffisantes pour accommoder les activités des e-Universités. Ainsi, les législateurs nationaux ont très récemment introduit de nouvelles exceptions visant plus spécifiquement l'utilisation des NTIC dans la recherche et l'enseignement (art. L. 122-5, 10° et art. L. 342-3, 5° du CPI et les futurs art. 60a-60h de la UrhG). Une réforme en ce sens a également été proposée par la Commission Européenne (art. 3 et 4 de la proposition de la Directive sur le droit d'auteur dans le marche unique numérique). Dans ce contexte, il est souhaitable de mener le débat sur l'introduction d'une norme ouverte (de type fair use) en droit européen. Malgré cette incertitude juridique qui entoure la matière, les e-Universités n'ont pas cessé de remplir leurs missions. En effet, la communauté académique a depuis un certain temps entrepris des efforts d'autorégulation (private ordering). Le concept d'Open Science, inspiré des valeurs traditionnelles de l'éthique scientifique, a donc émergé pour promouvoir le libre partage des données de recherche (Open Research Data), des écrits scientifiques (Open Access) et des ressources pédagogiques (Open Educational Resources). Le savoir est donc perçu comme un commun (commons), dont la préservation et le développement durable sont garantis par des standards acceptés par la communauté académique. Ces standards se traduisent en langage juridique grâce aux licences publiques, telles que les Creative Commons. Ces dernières années les universités, mais aussi les organismes finançant la recherche et même les législateurs nationaux se sont activement engagés dans la promotion des communs du savoir. Ceci s'exprime à travers des "mandats" Open Access et l'instauration d'un nouveau droit de publication secondaire, d'abord en droit allemand (art. 38(4) de la UrhG) et récemment aussi en droit français (art. L. 533-4, I du Code de la recherche). / An e-University is a university that uses information and communications technology (ICT) to fulfil its traditional tasks: production, preservation and dissemination of knowledge. Its activities consist of the collection and analysis of research data, the dissemination of scientific literature and the provision of digital educational resources. However, the intangible goods required for these activities are often protected by literary and artistic property rights, such as copyright and the sui generis database right. Therefore, e-Universities are obliged to seek the permission of rights-holders or to rely on statutory exceptions. Statutory exceptions for research and teaching do exist (cf. art. L. 122-5, 3°, e) of the Code de la propriété intellectuelle (CPI) and s. 52a and 53 of the Urheberrechtsgesetz (UrhG)). They are, however, clearly insufficient to allow e-Universities to fulfil their tasks. Consequently, national legislators have recently adopted new exceptions specifically addressing the use of ICT in research and teaching (art. L. 122-5, 10° and art. L. 342-3, 5° of the CPI and the future art. 60a-60h UrhG). The European Commission has also proposed to reform EU law accordingly (art. 3 and 4 of the Proposal for a Digital Single Market Directive). In this context, it is desirable to discuss the introduction of an open (fair-use-type) norm in EU law. Despite the legal uncertainty that surrounds the question, e-Universities have not ceased to fulfil their tasks. On the contrary, efforts have been undertaken by the academic community to organise access and re-use of resources by means of private ordering. The concept of Open Science, inspired by traditional values of the ethos of science, have emerged to promote access to research data (Open Research Data), scientific literature (Open Access) and educational resources (Open Educational Resources). According to this approach, knowledge is perceived as a commons, the sustainability of which is guaranteed by standards accepted by the academic community. These standards are codified in public licenses, such as Creative Commons. In recent years not only universities, but also research funding agencies and even national legislators have actively engaged in the promotion of knowledge commons. This engagement is expressed through various Open Access mandates and the introduction of a new secondary publication right, first in German law (s. 38(4) UrhG), and more recently also in French law (art. L. 533-4, I of the Code de la recherche). / Eine E-Universität ist eine Universität, die Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie (IKT) einsetzt, um ihre traditionellen Aufgaben zu erfüllen: Die Erzeugung, die Erhaltung und die Verbreitung von Wissen. Ihre Tätigkeiten umfassen die Sammlung und die Analyse von Forschungsdaten, die Verbreitung wissenschaftlicher Literatur und die Bereitstellung digitaler Bildungsressourcen. Allerdings unterliegen die dazu erforderlichen immateriellen Güter oftmals dem Schutz des geistigen Eigentums, beispielsweise dem Urheberrecht und dem sui-generis-Recht für Datenbanken. Deswegen sind E-Universitäten auf die Erlaubnis von Rechteinhabern oder gesetzliche Schrankenregelungen angewiesen. Es existieren bereits gesetzliche Schrankenregelungen für Forschung und Lehre (z.B. art. L. 122-5, 3°, e) Code de la propriété intellectuelle (CPI) und §§ 52a, 53 Urheberrechtsgesetz (UrhG)). Allerdings sind sie unzureichend, um E-Universitäten ihre Aufgabenerfüllung zu ermöglichen. Deswegen entschieden die nationalen Gesetzgeber, neue Schrankenregelungen speziell für die Nutzung von IKT im Bereich der Forschung und Lehre einzuführen (art. L. 122-5, 10° und art. L. 342-3, 5° CPI und §§ 60a-60h UrhG). Auch die EU-Kommission schlug eine entsprechende Änderung des Unionsrechts vor (Art. 3 und 4 des Vorschlags für eine Richtlinie über das Urheberrecht im digitalen Binnenmarkt). In diesem Zusammenhang erscheint es erstrebenswert, die Einführung einer open Regelung nach dem fair-use-Prinzip in das europäische Recht zu diskutieren. Trotz der Rechtsunsicherheit in dieser Frage haben E-Universitäten niemals aufgehört, ihre Aufgaben zu erfüllen. Vielmehr hat die akademische Gemeinschaft enorme Anstrengungen unternommen, durch eigene Dispositionen den Zugang und die Nachnutzung von Ressourcen zu ermöglichen. Inspiriert durch die traditionellen Werte des Ethos der Wissenschaft, wurde das Open Science Konzept geschaffen, um den Zugang zu Forschungsdaten (Open Research Data), wissenschaftlicher Literatur (Open Access) und Bildungsressourcen (Open Educational Resources) zu fördern. Danach ist Wissen eine Allmende, seine Nachnutzbarkeit wird durch Standards, die von der akademischen Gemeinschaft akzeptiert werden, garantiert. Diese Standards sind in öffentlichen (public) Lizenzen, wie beispielsweise Creative Commons, kodifiziert. In den letzten Jahren haben sich nicht allein Universitäten, sonst auch Agenturen für Forschungsförderung und sogar nationale Gesetzgeber aktiv in der Förderung des öffentlichen Wissensschatzes engagiert. Dieses Engagement wurde deutlich im Rahmen vieler Open-Access-Mandaten und der Einführung eines neuen Zweitveröffentlichungsrecht, das zunächst Eingang in das deutsche (§ 38 Abs. 4 UrhG) und kürzlich auch in das französische Recht (art. L. 533-4, I Code de la recherche) fand.

Vortrag über aktuell bedeutsame Probleme des Urheberrechts mit dem Schwerpunkt Open Access-Lizenzierung