Náklady na posádky v aerolinkách jsou po nákladech na palivo druhé největší. Cílem aerolinky je zajistit bezpečný provoz s minimálním počtem posádek a tím optimalizovat náklady. Práce popisuje metodiku odhadu počtu posádek na roční období. Používá přiřazení, ve kterém je každému dnu člena posádky přiřazena činnost, kterou vykonává. V práci je popsán nelineární model, který využívá přiřazení a následně agreguje dny pro získání celkového počtu posádek. Model je řešen v programu Premium Solver Platform a Lingu 7.

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ITC/USA 2006 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Second Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 23-26, 2006 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California / The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is developing a new launch vehicle to replace the Space Shuttle. The Crew Launch Vehicle (CLV) will be a combination of new design hardware and heritage Apollo and Space Shuttle hardware. The current CLV configuration is a 5 segment solid rocket booster First Stage and a new Upper Stage design with a modified Apollo era J-2 engine. The current schedule has an Ascent Development Test Flight (ADFT-0) with a First Stage and a dummy structurally identical, but without engine, Upper Stage. The ADFT-0 test results will determine if there will be multiple ADFT flights. There will be a minimum of two test flights with a full complement of flight hardware. After the completion of the test flights, the first manned flight to the International Space Station is scheduled for late 2014. To verify the CLV’s design margins a developmental flight instrumentation (DFI) system is needed. The DFI system will collect environmental and health data from the various CLV subsystems’ and either transmit it to the ground or store it onboard for later evaluation on the ground. The CLV consists of 4 major elements: the First Stage, the Upper Stage, the Upper Stage Engine and the integration of these elements together. It is anticipated that each of CLV’s elements will have some version of DFI. This paper will discuss a conceptual DFI design for each element and also of an integrated CLV DFI system.

The voluntary turnover behaviors exist for a long time, especially the increasing crew voluntary turnover behaviors in recent years. Due to the important effect upon the future of businesses, it¡¦s necessary to understand the behaviors thoroughly and completely. Previous studies focused on how the voluntary turnover behaviors work. However, employees who play in the formal or informal group perform different crew behaviors. By interviewing nine groups, which left their job in the past two years ever, we try to sketch the outline of the group relationship and the crew voluntary turnover behaviors in the businesses. Finally, we analyze the transcriptions and explore the relevance about the group relationship and the crew voluntary turnover behavior.

The main efforts in this paper are directed towards the "crew complement" problem on American Airlines, and the solution found in the Tripartite Agreement. Included is an account of the major events in the airline industry that led to the present "crew complement" problem, and its existence on other airlines.

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This study aims to understand the interaction within cabin crew members and study the teaching methods regarding communication to the cabin crew. For exploring this matter, interviews with two cabin crew instructors were conducted. These interviews have been analysed by using socio-cultural theory on learning, along with relevant theoretic terms to comprehend how interaction and communication between cabin crew members are taught. The interviews with the instructors have been analyzed from a socio-cultural perspective with concepts relevant to the study; language as a tool, crew resource management as a communicative method and mediation, which can be explained as how something is conveyed. By analyzing the interviews and interpreting them from the socio-cultural perspective, three categories were established. These were: teaching environment, crew resource management and safe teaching environment and finally social interaction. The results of the study indicate that one of the most critical factors for teaching communicative skills and the understanding thereof is the numerous years of working experience of the cabin crew instructors. Another crucial result from this study demonstrates that in order to teach communication skills to cabin crew effectively, it may be necessary to re-evaluate the methods in which the subject is instructed to cabin crew as the training program for cabin crew is based mainly on pilot manuals. Onward research in the field may also regard the use of virtual-reality methods through VR-goggles, which is something the respondents briefly explained as an exciting breakthrough in cabin crew teaching methods. / Studiens syfte är att undersöka instruktörers erfarenheter och upplevelser om undervisningen av säkerhetsbärande kommunikation till kabinpersonal i ett flygbolag. För att studera detta har två djupgående intervjuer genomförts med två instruktörer eftersom det är instruktörerna som är ansvariga för att undervisa om kommunikationen som kabinpersonalen senare använder i den dagliga verksamheten. Intervjuerna med instruktörerna genomfördes genom video och/eller telefonsamtal och har därefter analyserats utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv med för studien relevanta begrepp; språket som redskap, crew resource management som kommunikativ metod samt mediering, vilket kan förklaras som hur någonting förmedlas. Med hjälp av att analysera intervjuerna och tolka dem utifrån det sociokulturella perspektivet kunde tre kategorier uppmärksammas: undervisningsmiljö, CRM och trygg undervisningsmiljö samt social interaktion. Studiens resultat visar att en av de viktigaste faktorerna i undervisningen och i synnerhet kommunikation, är instruktörens egen yrkeserfarenhet vilken visat sig viktig för undervisningen om kommunikation. Ett annat viktigt resultat från undersökningen är att den belyser instruktörernas erfarenheter av hur teori och praktik samspelar i undervisningen. Med resultat från denna studie uppmuntras till fortsatta studier om undervisningen för kabinpersonal i syfte att belysa och effektivisera den kommunikation som kabinpersonalen arbetar med dagligen. Ett intressant ämne som framfördes genom intervjuerna med respondenterna är möjligheten att arbeta med VR-glasögon, alltså glasögon som genom en virtuell värld kan återge undervisningsmiljö som annars kan vara svåråtkomlig.

Fel och misstag relaterade till bristande kommunikation och brister i teamarbete sker inom sjukvården, vilket medför ett hot mot patientsäkerheten, framför allt i akuta situationer där snabba beslut måste tas och där liv står på spel. Forskningen visar att det är den mänskliga faktorn som är en bidragande orsak till dessa fel och misstag. Standardiserade arbetssätt, effektivt teamarbete och tydlig kommunikation i teamet krävs för att säkerställa patientsäkerheten. Syfte med föreliggande studie var att beskriva specialistsjuksköterskans upplevelser av interprofessionell teamträning samt hur det påverkar kommunikation och teamarbetet i det kliniska arbetet. Metoden utgjordes av semistrukturerade intervjuer som genomfördes med åtta specialistsjuksköterskor som genomgått interprofessionell medicinsk simulering. Materialet analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats. Resultatet utmynnade i två teman utifrån studiens tvådelade syfte. Det första temat var upplevelser av simuleringsövningen där följande tre kategorier framkom: lärandemiljö, samverkan i team samt kommunikation. Det andra temat var effekter i det kliniska arbetet där följande tre kategorier framträdde: samverkan i team, kommunikation samt patientsäkerhet. Resultatet visar att specialistsjuksköterskans upplevelser den interprofessionella teamträningen som mycket positiv. Nyttan av att träna och att använda sig av loopkommunikation tillsammans med de andra i teamet belystes. Likaså belystes betydelsen av att ha en tydlig ledare i teamet i det akuta omhändertagande, vilket skapar känslan av delaktighet. Teamledarens uppgift är att skapa en tydlig struktur och ett bra teamarbete runt patienten, vilket ökar patientsäkerheten. Slutsatsen av studien visar att interprofessionell medicinsk simuleringsövning ger en ökad medvetenhet kring vikten av ett välfungerande team med en effektiv kommunikation i det akuta omhändertagandet. Vidare visade det sig att alla specialistsjuksköterskor fått flera verktyg som var användbara i det kliniska arbetet.

Masonry construction is labor-intensive. Processes involve little to no mechanization and require a large number of crews made up of workers with diverse skills, capabilities, and personalities. Relationships among crews are tight and very dependent. Often crews are re-assembled and the superintendent is responsible for assigning workers to crews and allocating crews to different tasks to maximize workflow. This dynamic environment can influence the motivation of workers and impose pressure and stress on them. Workers, unlike other resources, have their own needs and requirements beyond the financial compensation for their work. Workers place a great value on requirements such as certainty about work assignments, matching assignments to career development goals, and work satisfaction. If managed properly, workers may bring considerable benefits to both the project and the contractor. A project that links workers to career goals not only allows contractors to develop more qualified staff for its future projects, but also gives the worker opportunities for career growth and development. Additionally, job satisfaction and efficiency increases from suitable worker assignment and consideration of tasks. Therefore, the study of sustainable labor management practices is of interest in masonry construction and other labor-intensive industries. A mixed-integer programming (MIP) model enables the integration of workers needs and contractor requirements into the process of labor allocation. Furthermore, the model can be used to quantify strategies that maximize productivity, quality of work, and the well-being of workers. Developing such a model is a necessary task. To plan and manage masonry construction, the contractor has to take into account not only multiple workers with different characteristics but also rules for crew design and makeup and project requirements in terms of personnel needs. Providing an analytical description of all the needs and requirements is challenging. Therefore, to determine labor management practices that indeed maximize production and maximize workers satisfaction, the model needs to realistically represent the realities in masonry construction sites and staffing practices, while remaining computationally manageable such that optimization models can be derived. This dissertation proposes a decision support system (DSS) for sustainable labor management in masonry construction that takes into consideration information on workers and job characteristics with the intention of assisting decision makers in allocating crews. Firstly, semi-structured interviews were conducted with masonry practitioners to gather perspectives on labor requirements, rules for crew design, and drivers for crew makeup. Secondly, a model that incorporates realities was implemented. The model supports masonry contractors and superintendent in the challenging process of managing crews, that is, to determine the composition of each crew and the allocation of crews to maximize productivity and workflow while considering workers’ preferences and well-being. With the DSS, project managers and superintendents are not only able to identify working patterns for each of the workers but also optimal crew formation and investment and labor costs. Data from real case study is used to compare the schedule and allocation on the site with the one proposed by the model. The comparison shows the model can optimize the allocation of crews to reduce the completion time to build the walls while maximizing the utilization of masons and outlining opportunities for concurrent work. It is expected that the DSS will help contractors improve productivity and quality while efficiently managing masonry workers in a more sustainable way. The contributions for the masonry industry are two-fold. Firstly, the proposed model considers a set of rules that masonry practitioners typically use to design crews of masons and analytically captures the realities of masonry construction jobsites when managing labor. Secondly, it attempts to quantify and mathematically model the practices that contractors use for crew makeup and evaluate labor management allocation both in terms of contractor requirements and worker needs. Literature review indicates that the existing models for labor allocation have not taken into consideration masonry site realities. An optimization framework, which combines masonry site realities from the semi-structured interviews is proposed. The framework results in a MIP model that is used to solve a crew scheduling and allocation problem. The model is formulated to determine which masons are in a crew and to assign crews to the different walls in a project. Additionally, it is used to evaluate crew design strategies that maximize productivity.