CAPES / As consequências advindas do modelo de modernização econômica geraram desequilíbrios socioambientais, tendo como resultado a exclusão e o isolamento social, reflexos percebidos no setor agrícola. Ao se estudar as organizações sociais, tende-se a ver como elas mantêm seus processos de cooperação frente a toda uma sociedade constituída pela valorização do individualismo e da competição. O objetivo geral para esta pesquisa foi, analisar a dinâmica organizacional do Grupo Agroecológico Herança Viva do município de Chapecó, Santa Catarina, a fim de identificar as fortalezas e ameaças e colaborar, desta forma, para elaboração de estratégias de ação para a sua sustentabilidade. O grupo escolhido baseia-se nos princípios da agroecologia para condução dos seus sistemas de produção agrícola, evitando o uso de agroquímicos, comprovada através da utilização da certificação participativa do selo da Rede Ecovida, sendo os produtos comercializados principalmente nas feiras-livres do município de Chapecó. Para cumprir tal proposta foram consultadas as atas das reuniões e aplicação de questionários com os produtores, para avaliar as dinâmicas de cooperação entre seus membros, através do entendimento do seu capital social e da análise redes sociais (ARS). Para ampliar o estudo sobre o grupo e de seus integrantes foi adotada a opção metodológica da Pesquisa-ação, onde foram desenvolvidas atividades para identificar pontos fortes e fracos e colaborar com a sua reestruturação organizativa, tendo como resultado a construção, realizada pelos agricultores familiares, dos princípios norteadores do Grupo Herança Viva que vão colaborar para as tomadas de decisão e o fortalecimento da sua identidade. A pesquisa também trouxe como o grupo está inserido na Transição Social Agroecológica, pois, a mudança do paradigma atual não está inserida apenas no modelo alternativo de produção, porém na forma de organização dos atores sociais e seu protagonismo no processo de comercialização dos seus produtos, na discussão do cenário das cadeias produtivas alimentares. / The consequences resulting from economic modernization model generated social and environmental imbalances, resulting in the exclusion and social isolation, perceived consequences in the agricultural sector. When studying social organizations, tends to see how they keep their forward cooperation processes all a company incorporated by the appreciation of individualism and competition. The overall objective for this research was to analyze the organizational dynamics of Agroecology Group Heritage Viva Chapecó, Santa Catarina, in order to identify the strengths and threats and collaborate in this way for preparation of action strategies for sustainability. The selected group is based on the principles of agroecology for the conduct of their agricultural production systems, avoiding the use of agrochemicals, proven through the use of participatory certification seal Ecovida Network, and the products sold mainly in street fairs in the city of chapecó. To fulfill such a proposal were consulted the minutes of meetings and questionnaires with farmers to assess the dynamics of cooperation among its members, through the understanding of their social capital and social network analysis (SNA). To extend the study of the group and its members was adopted methodological approach of action research where activities were developed to identify strengths and weaknesses and contribute to its organizational restructuring, resulting in the construction, carried out by farmers, the guiding principles of the Living Heritage Group will contribute to the decision-making and strengthen their identity. The survey also brought the group is inserted in the Social Transition Agroecology therefore change the current paradigm is not inserted only in the alternative model of production, but in the form of organization of social actors and their role in the marketing process of their products, in discussing the scenario of food supply chains.

O empreendedorismo está vinculado ao despertar nas pessoas o desejo de criação de novos negócios. Estes negócios são fundamentais para a geração de riquezas, criação de empregos e são responsáveis por inovações tecnológicas. O empreendedorismo sofre influência significativa do capital social em ação coletiva no processo de reconhecimento de oportunidade. Isto apóia ao fato de que o empreendedorismo é um processo de exploração coletiva e reconhecimento de oportunidade, que não é puramente criada e nem descoberta por uma única pessoa, mas promulgada em parcerias, redes e alianças. Quanto maior for a quantidade e a proximidade dos relacionamentos como as pessoas que os recomendam em oportunidade de reconhecimento, maior será a ação coletiva dos empresários. Os empreendedores, portanto, devem envolver-se em uma ação coletiva com a ajuda da sua rede social e relações pessoais. As instituições de ensino superior têm sido o local apropriado para despertar, desenvolver ou fomentar empreendedores. O importante papel desempenhado pelas incubadoras, seja hospedando projetos de alunos ou de membros da comunidade, deve-se, em sua grande maioria, a iniciativas nascidas no âmbito das universidades nas mais diversas áreas do conhecimento. Este estudo tem como objetivo mensurar o nível de capital social dos estudantes de uma instituição de ensino superior que estão matriculados nos cursos da área de gestão de empresas e a sua relação com os fatores que motivam a intenção empreendedora. A fundamentação teórica do capital social foi realizada através da revisão bibliográfica dos autores Halpern (2005), Nahapiet e Ghoshal (1998). Para a intenção empreendedora, foram utilizados os autores Türker e Selcuk (2008) e Chen e Liñàn (2009). Na análise dos dados, foram utilizadas as ferramentas estatísticas de análise fatorial, regressão linear, teste ANOVA e correlação de Pearson. O estudo apresenta os principais fatores que influenciam a criação do capital social (micro, meso e macro) e a intenção empreendedora (educacional, relacional e estrutural) no ambiente universitário. Com isso, esses fatores foram correlacionados entre os temas onde foi constatado que o fator micro do capital social apresenta correlação com todos os fatores da intenção empreendedora, o fator meso apresentou correlação com o fator relacional e o fator macro apresentou correlação com o fator estrutural. Com isso, os resultados da pesquisa encontraram a existência da relação entre os fatores que influencia o capital social com os fatores que influenciam a intenção empreendedora dos acadêmicos de uma instituição de ensino superior da Serra Gaúcha. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2014-11-12T12:53:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Matias Lovison.pdf: 1574015 bytes, checksum: 0c3b784fc35d3c4143d31358c503b2c9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-12T12:53:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Matias Lovison.pdf: 1574015 bytes, checksum: 0c3b784fc35d3c4143d31358c503b2c9 (MD5) / Entrepreneurship is bound to awaken the desire to create new venturesin people. These businesses are essential to the generation of wealth, job creation and are responsible for technological innovations. Furthermore, entrepreneurship suffers significant influence of social capital on collective action in the opportunity recognition process. This supports the fact that entrepreneurship is a process of collective exploration and opportunity recognition, which is not purely created nor discovered by a single person, but enacted in partnerships, networks and alliances. The greater the number and proximity of relationships as people who recommend to opportunity recognition, the greater the collective action of entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs have to therefore engage in collective action with the help of any social networking and personal relationships. Higher education institutions have been the appropriate place to awaken, develop or encourage entrepreneurs. The important role played by business incubators is to host students or community members’projects. It is generated by initiatives born within the universities in different areas of knowledge. This study aims to measure the level of social capital of students of an institution of higher education who are enrolled in courses in the area of business management and its relationship with the factors that motivate entrepreneurial intention. A social capital analysis was done through the study of Halpern (2005) and Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1998), and Türker and Selcuk (2008) and Chen and Linan (2009) were studied for the entrepreneurial intention. Data analysis was realized through factor analysis, linear regression, ANOVA and Pearson correlation. The study presents the major factors that influence the creation of social capital (micro, meso and macro) and entrepreneurial intention (educational, relational and structural) in a university environment. Thus, these factors were correlated with the subjects where it was found that the micro factor of social capital is correlated With all the factors of entrepreneurial intention. The meso factor was correlated with the relational factor and the macro factor was correlated with the structural factor. The results show the existence of a relationship between the factors that influence the social capital with the factors that influence entrepreneurial intention of academics from a higher education institution of Serra Gaúcha.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:27:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 2242585 bytes, checksum: 07c54969870a9ecad251ce9ac3f33101 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present thesis has as objective to carry through a quarrel concerning the Solidary Economy while a prerogative of organization of the civil society in such a way in the alternative generation of work and income as a process of social inclusion in virtue of the distinct minorities that of it are part, that is, a new strategy of possible development. In this direction, it also searchs, to carry through a brief rocking of the referring accumulation to the movement, being been overcome as reference the year of 2003, moment where the National Secretariat of Solidary Economy was servant, standing out its main carried through action, in particular the mapping of the Solidary Economic Enterprises - EES, that is, is an attempt to understand as the social movements make of the production model, on the basis of the solidary economy, a way to fortify the dialogue between different groups of producers and had obtained to extend the recognition of this solidary model in the institucional sphere. Thus, the central hypothesis of the present work is of that the solidary economy is a strategy development politics, in counterpoint to the exculpatory model of the effective capitalism. For in such a way, metodologicamente, we carry through a descriptive study of quali-quantitative nature, with the use of the following instruments in the collection of data: participant comment, half-structuralized interviews, application of diagnosis and bibliographical revision. The conclusions point the solidary economy while development strategy, over all, with the viabilização of the virtuous circle established by the categories capital stock, nets and solidarity. A tool of social inclusion, generation of work and income was evidenced in the solidary economy, resulting in the produced work as source of humanistic, solidary value, with bigger quality of life and well-being of the involved actors. / A presente tese tem como objetivo realizar uma discussão acerca da Economia Solidária como uma prerrogativa de organização da sociedade civil, tanto na geração alternativa de trabalho e renda como num processo de inclusão social, em virtude das distintas minorias que dele fazem parte, isto é, uma nova estratégia de desenvolvimento possível. Neste sentido, busca, também, realizar um breve balanço do acúmulo referente ao movimento, tomando-se como referência o ano de 2003, momento em que a Secretaria Nacional de Economia Solidária foi criada, ressaltando suas principais ações realizadas, em particular o mapeamento dos Empreendimentos Econômicos Solidários EES, ou seja, é uma tentativa de compreender como os movimentos sociais fazem do modelo de produção, com base na Economia Solidária, um caminho para fortalecer o diálogo entre diferentes grupos de produtores que conseguiram ampliar o reconhecimento desse modelo solidário na esfera institucional. Assim, a hipótese central do presente trabalho é a de que a Economia Solidária é uma estratégia política de desenvolvimento, em contraponto ao modelo excludente do capitalismo vigente. Para tanto, metodologicamente, realizamos um estudo descritivo de natureza quali-quantitativa, com a utilização dos seguintes instrumentos na coleta de dados: observação participante, entrevistas semi-estruturadas, aplicação de diagnóstico e revisão bibliográfica. As conclusões apontam a Economia Solidária como uma estratégia de desenvolvimento, sobretudo com a viabilização do círculo virtuoso estabelecido pelas categorias capital social, redes e solidariedade. Constatou-se, na Economia Solidária, uma ferramenta de inclusão social, de geração de trabalho e renda, resultando no trabalho produzido como fonte de valor humanístico, solidário, com maior qualidade de vida e bem-estar dos atores envolvidos.

O empreendedorismo está vinculado ao despertar nas pessoas o desejo de criação de novos negócios. Estes negócios são fundamentais para a geração de riquezas, criação de empregos e são responsáveis por inovações tecnológicas. O empreendedorismo sofre influência significativa do capital social em ação coletiva no processo de reconhecimento de oportunidade. Isto apóia ao fato de que o empreendedorismo é um processo de exploração coletiva e reconhecimento de oportunidade, que não é puramente criada e nem descoberta por uma única pessoa, mas promulgada em parcerias, redes e alianças. Quanto maior for a quantidade e a proximidade dos relacionamentos como as pessoas que os recomendam em oportunidade de reconhecimento, maior será a ação coletiva dos empresários. Os empreendedores, portanto, devem envolver-se em uma ação coletiva com a ajuda da sua rede social e relações pessoais. As instituições de ensino superior têm sido o local apropriado para despertar, desenvolver ou fomentar empreendedores. O importante papel desempenhado pelas incubadoras, seja hospedando projetos de alunos ou de membros da comunidade, deve-se, em sua grande maioria, a iniciativas nascidas no âmbito das universidades nas mais diversas áreas do conhecimento. Este estudo tem como objetivo mensurar o nível de capital social dos estudantes de uma instituição de ensino superior que estão matriculados nos cursos da área de gestão de empresas e a sua relação com os fatores que motivam a intenção empreendedora. A fundamentação teórica do capital social foi realizada através da revisão bibliográfica dos autores Halpern (2005), Nahapiet e Ghoshal (1998). Para a intenção empreendedora, foram utilizados os autores Türker e Selcuk (2008) e Chen e Liñàn (2009). Na análise dos dados, foram utilizadas as ferramentas estatísticas de análise fatorial, regressão linear, teste ANOVA e correlação de Pearson. O estudo apresenta os principais fatores que influenciam a criação do capital social (micro, meso e macro) e a intenção empreendedora (educacional, relacional e estrutural) no ambiente universitário. Com isso, esses fatores foram correlacionados entre os temas onde foi constatado que o fator micro do capital social apresenta correlação com todos os fatores da intenção empreendedora, o fator meso apresentou correlação com o fator relacional e o fator macro apresentou correlação com o fator estrutural. Com isso, os resultados da pesquisa encontraram a existência da relação entre os fatores que influencia o capital social com os fatores que influenciam a intenção empreendedora dos acadêmicos de uma instituição de ensino superior da Serra Gaúcha. / Entrepreneurship is bound to awaken the desire to create new venturesin people. These businesses are essential to the generation of wealth, job creation and are responsible for technological innovations. Furthermore, entrepreneurship suffers significant influence of social capital on collective action in the opportunity recognition process. This supports the fact that entrepreneurship is a process of collective exploration and opportunity recognition, which is not purely created nor discovered by a single person, but enacted in partnerships, networks and alliances. The greater the number and proximity of relationships as people who recommend to opportunity recognition, the greater the collective action of entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs have to therefore engage in collective action with the help of any social networking and personal relationships. Higher education institutions have been the appropriate place to awaken, develop or encourage entrepreneurs. The important role played by business incubators is to host students or community members’projects. It is generated by initiatives born within the universities in different areas of knowledge. This study aims to measure the level of social capital of students of an institution of higher education who are enrolled in courses in the area of business management and its relationship with the factors that motivate entrepreneurial intention. A social capital analysis was done through the study of Halpern (2005) and Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1998), and Türker and Selcuk (2008) and Chen and Linan (2009) were studied for the entrepreneurial intention. Data analysis was realized through factor analysis, linear regression, ANOVA and Pearson correlation. The study presents the major factors that influence the creation of social capital (micro, meso and macro) and entrepreneurial intention (educational, relational and structural) in a university environment. Thus, these factors were correlated with the subjects where it was found that the micro factor of social capital is correlated With all the factors of entrepreneurial intention. The meso factor was correlated with the relational factor and the macro factor was correlated with the structural factor. The results show the existence of a relationship between the factors that influence the social capital with the factors that influence entrepreneurial intention of academics from a higher education institution of Serra Gaúcha.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / In this thesis I argue that by taking account of economic disparities and backlogs in intergovernmental infrastructure grants to municipalities in South Africa, government will effectively meet its constitutional obligation to equitably allocate infrastructure grants to local government according to the principles of parity, proportionality and priority (Young, 1994). Municipalities will thus be able to provide basic services to households in keeping with the Bill of Rights of the Constitution of South Africa (1996). Adapting the Petchey et al (2004) provincial capital expenditure grant model to the provision of municipal services using secondary data and information from local municipalities in the Cape Winelands District, I evaluate whether government’s existing municipal grants are allocated equitably and, whether they account for disparities that differentiate municipalities from each other. The findings from my analysis show that the current approach to financing municipal infrastructure does not sufficiently account for disparities and thus, undermines the requirement for equitability, adequacy and efficiency of intergovernmental allocations. Consequently, the right of citizens to basic municipal services is compromised and the macroeconomic structure is weakened. Furthermore the institutional arrangements for local government autonomy is undermined because municipalities cannot ensure stability, predictability, flexibility and economic efficiency of infrastructure budgets. As municipalities receive part of their finance from national government through infrastructure grants, I used data from five local municipalities to examine the extent to which there is equitability and efficiency in the way this finance is allocated. To this end I constructed and applied a composite disparity index for each municipality to my adapted municipal infrastructure grant model to analyze and observe the impact of economic disparities in grant allocations. The findings show that a grant model that accounts for economic disparities satisfies the constitutional, economic and institutional considerations that should inform municipal grant allocation decisions. I conclude the thesis by highlighting the limitations and possibilities of using a municipal infrastructure grant model that accounts for economic disparities and, I propose some recommendations for applying such a model in South Africa.

It is in the area of the regulation of a company's share capital and distributions to shareholders that the inherent conflict between creditors and shareholders, and the fragile balance among shareholders internally, intersect. The share capital of a company underlies its corporate structure and represents not only its initial own funds from which creditors can be paid, but also the relative equity interests of the shareholders. The balance between shareholders can be disturbed by capital reorganisations through increase, reduction or variation of share capital or through disproportionate contributions by, or distributions to, shareholders. Share repurchases are particularly risky in this regard. Creditor interests are affected when their prior right to payment is endangered by distributions to shareholders. This study analyses the South African Law relating to share capital and distributions against the background of a comparative study of the laws of England, New Zealand, Delaware and California, as well as the provisions of the American Model Business Corporations Act. Two main approaches to creditor protection are evident. The capital maintenance doctrine, which is followed in England and Delaware, protects creditors by emphasising the notional share capital of the company as a limit on distributions. In contrast, the solvency and liquidity approach focuses on the net assets of the company and on its ability to pay its debts. New Zealand, California and the Model Business Corporations Act represent this approach. Regulatory responses to shareholder protection range from insistence on compliance with procedural requirements to minimal statutory intervention in the internal affairs of companies, instead relying on general principles of fairness and good faith. There is little correlation between a particular system's approach to creditor protection on the one hand, and to shareholder protection on the other. England, New Zealand and South Africa prescribe specific formalities, while the American approach is more relaxed. South Africa is a hybrid system. Its transition from capital maintenance to solvency and liquidity has been incomplete and its protection of equity interests is relatively unsophisticated. A number of recommendations are made for an effective and coherent approach that will safeguard the interests of creditors and shareholders alike. / School: Law / LL.D.

Cette thèse commence par souligner les contextes et les difficultés d'analyse de l'économie chinoise : la première difficulté est la particularité de la Chine qui est également référencée comme «socialisme avec des caractéristiques chinoises», qui comprend le contexte culturel unique et la langue, la nature de l'économie, le manque de données, et les changements institutionnels fréquents. La deuxième difficulté est l'insuffisance des modèles de croissance économique modernes. En outre, les chercheurs souffrent également des problèmes économétriques généraux de la modélisation macroéconomique, par exemple le problème de petit échantillon, la faible identification et l'estimation sensible pour la stationnarité des séries et paramètres tronqués. Par conséquent, nous devons trouver et travailler dans un cadre approprié. Cette thèse montrera l'insuffisance des modèles de croissance économique dominante pour expliquer la croissance économique de la Chine et la nécessité de sortir du cadre néoclassique. L'analyse se tourne progressivement vers les approches marxistes et se concentre sur l'analyse des taux de profit. [...]Cette thèse propose quelques éléments de réflexion méthodologique sur le thème de la croissance de l’économie chinoise dans la longue période. À partir de données statistiques officielles chinoises retravaillées, nous reconstruisons des séries temporelles de stocks de capital physique les plus longues possibles, soit de 1952 à 2014, de façon à remonter au plus près de la date de formation de la République populaire et étendre cette base de données jusqu’au présent, pour tenir compte des derniers annuaires statistiques publiés en 2016. Nous testons ces nouvelles données afin d’estimer les contributions des facteurs de production à la croissance dans un cadre théorique néoclassique, en soulignant les limites de tels modèles – problématiques, car selon nous indépassables. [...] L'auteur a prédit les valeurs de certaines variables économiques de 2015. L'auteur prédit que le taux de profit continuera à baisser même s'il est déjà faible dans 2014. Si le taux de profit continue à baisser, les marxistes pourraient soutenir qu'une crise se produira à l'avenir. Toutefois, l'argument est cohérent avec les faits qu'une crise financière sur le marché boursier se produira en 2015 et 2016. La prévision pour la croissance économique est également très réussie. En outre, l'auteur a également étendu la décomposition économique des taux de profit. L'auteur a proposé trois décompositions différentes puis appliqué un filtre à ces composants. Les cycles économiques et les crises ont été confirmés avec une perspective marxiste revisée. / The rise of emerging economies and their increasing contributions to the world’s economy has led to the development of the science of economics. China is a typical representative of emerging market economies. This economic phenomenon pushes the development of economic growth theory, and the problems in empirical analyses also promote econometric techniques. Though China is still a developing country, China has successfully dragged itself out of absolute poverty. Is the technique of China’s economic development an alternative method for the struggle against the poverty of other poor countries? With the lack of modern international standard data, the empirical analyses of modern economic growth theories in the literature are generally focused on the period after the opening-up reform in 1978 or the period after the fiscal reform in 1993. In this thesis, the author attempts to extend the vision, by further analyzing China’s economy using modern economic approaches since the foundation of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. Alongside the wave of privatization, marketization, and liberalization in the countries of the former Soviet Union, socialist countries, and developing countries, China has also begun its economic reform since 1978 in which it has achieved great economic success. Chinese policymakers themselves contribute the rapid economic growth to the success of the institutional choice. For instance, Hu Jintao’s report at the 17th Party Congress (2007) has the following assertion: “To sum up, the fundamental reason behind all our achievements and progress since the reform and opening up policy was introduced is that we have blazed a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and established a system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics.” However, what does the so-called “socialism with Chinese characteristics” really mean? How does it work on the path of economic growth? All those interesting questions incite this thesis to explore the answers. [...]

It is in the area of the regulation of a company's share capital and distributions to shareholders that the inherent conflict between creditors and shareholders, and the fragile balance among shareholders internally, intersect. The share capital of a company underlies its corporate structure and represents not only its initial own funds from which creditors can be paid, but also the relative equity interests of the shareholders. The balance between shareholders can be disturbed by capital reorganisations through increase, reduction or variation of share capital or through disproportionate contributions by, or distributions to, shareholders. Share repurchases are particularly risky in this regard. Creditor interests are affected when their prior right to payment is endangered by distributions to shareholders. This study analyses the South African Law relating to share capital and distributions against the background of a comparative study of the laws of England, New Zealand, Delaware and California, as well as the provisions of the American Model Business Corporations Act. Two main approaches to creditor protection are evident. The capital maintenance doctrine, which is followed in England and Delaware, protects creditors by emphasising the notional share capital of the company as a limit on distributions. In contrast, the solvency and liquidity approach focuses on the net assets of the company and on its ability to pay its debts. New Zealand, California and the Model Business Corporations Act represent this approach. Regulatory responses to shareholder protection range from insistence on compliance with procedural requirements to minimal statutory intervention in the internal affairs of companies, instead relying on general principles of fairness and good faith. There is little correlation between a particular system's approach to creditor protection on the one hand, and to shareholder protection on the other. England, New Zealand and South Africa prescribe specific formalities, while the American approach is more relaxed. South Africa is a hybrid system. Its transition from capital maintenance to solvency and liquidity has been incomplete and its protection of equity interests is relatively unsophisticated. A number of recommendations are made for an effective and coherent approach that will safeguard the interests of creditors and shareholders alike. / School: Law / LL.D.

The primary objective of this study was to examine how and to what extent entrepreneurial orientation, firm internal resources and capital structure decisions affect growth of small enterprises, following the resource- based view on determinants of growth and static trade-off theory of capital structure as theoretical frameworks. Regardless of the number of earlier study, there is no consensus among scholars on determinants of growth due to the existence of different theories and metrics of growth. Moreover, as the earlier studies were undertaken in developed countries, their research findings could not permit generalization on the effect of the explanatory variables on growth in less developed countries like Ethiopia. Therefore, this research tried to fill the gap in the existing body of knowledge on determinants of growth by contextualizing the association of growth with firm specific factors and EO from the Ethiopian context, more specifically from the context of Tigray Regional State. Besides, extra variables that were either not considered or might have been tested separately in earlier studies in Ethiopia were integrated into the regression model. In this mixed explanatory cross-sectional research, systematic random sampling techniques and structure questionnaire were applied to collect primary data from 333 small enterprises operating in five urban towns of Tigray region. Dependent variable of the study was growth of small enterprises, defined as logarithm of change in number of employees at the time of establishment and time of survey. The explanatory variables comprise of entrepreneurial orientation with three dimensions, tangible and intangible resources under the control of a given enterprises, capital structure decisions, external factors such as marketing related problems cost and accessibility of infrastructure, government policies and bureaucracy, business development services were also included in the regression model. Descriptive statistics, statistical difference tests, multiple regression analysis and Propensity Score Matching were applied for the purpose of data analysis with the help of Stata version 12 software. Majority of the small enterprises demonstrated moderate degree of entrepreneurial orientation and location nearer to major customers, entrepreneurial orientation, strong financial position, access to credit and leverage have statistically significant positive effect on growth of small enterprises which support the resource based view and static trade-off theory of capital structure as well as the perceived hypothesis. On the other hand, consistent to the hypothesis, age and size of small enterprises showed negative significant effect on growth, that supports Jovanovich’s learning model but against the Girbat’s law of proportionate effect. Moreover, the relationship between education and growth was found to be non-linear or volatile-growth of SEs tend to declined until certain level, reached a minimum level after which SEs with more educated owners tend to grow faster. This implies that unless owners’ years of education reach a very high level of schooling, a given increase in years of schooling could not necessarily result into higher growth rate. Based on the findings, the researcher suggests (i) in order to solve financial constraints of SEs, stakeholder need introduction of National Credit Guarantee Fund, Promotion of non-bank financial services, introduce Mandatory Minimum Bank Loan to small enterprises, establish specialized banking system that specifically support the small enterprise sector, (ii) provide working premises such as shades at concessional cost, (iii) facilitate establishment of small enterprise commercial centers, (iv) strengthen the clustering practices,(v) facilitate provision of adequate infrastructure at reasonable price, (vi) as TVET completed individuals outperform in growth rate, educational institutions in Ethiopia need to incorporate competence based training system and entrepreneurship into their syllabus by strengthening the industry university linkages / Business Management / DBL

The thesis is aimed at the comparison of legal regulations of the private limited company in spanish and czech law, especially because this type of company belongs currently to one of the most wide-spreaded forms of business associations and as such creates the legal framework for the development of small and medium enterpreneurship. The thesis is divided into several thematic parts describing particular features of private limited company. This way I tried to find the most important differences between these two systems of law with the intention of clearing their advantages and also disadvantages.