This study explored the relationship between self-development as evidenced in the domain of narcissism and the process of vocational development as evidenced in career values, planning, and decisiveness/self-efficacy. It was suggested that this relationship would be impacted by family birth order and gender. Heinz Kohut's theory of self-psychology was utilized to understand narcissism from both an adaptive and maladaptive, developmental perspective. A review of narcissism and self-development theories was included to provide a comparative and comprehensive approach. Literature indicated that the development of narcissism was influenced by birth order and gender. Additionally, a review of the literature suggested a connection between Kohut's theory of the self and narcissism and aspects of the career development process, such as planning, decision-making, and occupational values. The sample consisted of 346 undergraduate students. Structural Equation Modeling was performed to test causal hypotheses. The major findings of the current study were that superiority (a measure of grandiosity) predicts altruistic career values and career decisiveness. Superiority is a slightly better predictor of altruistic career values than decisiveness. Additionally, goal instability (idealizing) predicts altruistic career values and career decisiveness. Goal instability had a predictive value that was nearly three times stronger for decisiveness. The results indicated that birth order and gender were not moderator variables in examining the relationship between goal instability and superiority. This study provided insight into the relationship between narcissism and the vocational/career development processes. These relationships may be important for career counselors and other related professionals. These findings may encourage counselors to assess and understand a client's narcissistic tendencies and individual representations when assisting in the career development process. A client's values regarding career options, along with his/her associated self-efficacy and ability to make important decisions, appear to be factors to consider when counseling an individual through vocational/career development. Limitations of the study were addressed and directions for further research discussed.

The career counselling services industry is currently being challenged by a unique set of conditions which has resulted in calls for a greater client orientation in the delivery of career services. The current study takes up this challenge by using marketing concepts to explore the relationship between the expectations (desired) people in career transition have of a career counselling service and the perceptions career counselling service providers have of client expectations. In the process, it also examines variables (career transition group membership, career decision-making self-efficacy, age, gender, and previous experience with a career counselling service) that may impact on the expectations people in career transition have of a career counselling service. The study used a three-phased mixed method approach to gather expectation and perception data. In Phase 1, focus group interviews were conducted with participants from three career transition groups - Year 12 students, final year university students, and adults in midcareer transition. A series of one-to-one interviews with three groups of career counsellors (those in schools, tertiary institutions, and private practice) was undertaken in Phase 2. Phase 3 consisted of a questionnaire, which was administered to broader populations of people in career transition and career counsellors. The people in career transition subject group completed a three-part questionnaire consisting of the Expectations About Career Counselling measure (developed by the researcher), the Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy-Short Form (an existing measure), and demographic questions. Career counsellors completed a two-part questionnaire, which included the Expectations About Career Counselling (EACC) and demographic questions. The people in career transition subject group were asked to respond to the EACC according to what they wanted from a career counselling service. Career counsellors were asked to respond to the same measure as if they were one of their clients attending their first career counselling interview. In the development of the EACC, an existing measure (the Expectations About Counselling-Brief Form; Tinsley, 1982), was modified using career counselling expectation themes derived from the analysis of data collected in Phases 1 and 2. Factor analysis of the data obtained from the EACC identified four clear factors. These factors were named Career Counsellor Responsibility, Client Responsibility, Quality Outcome and Realism. The findings from Phase 3 indicated that people in career transition had high to very high expectations for the EACC subscales Career Counsellor Responsibility and Quality Outcome, moderate expectations for Realism, and moderate to high expectations for Client Responsibility. Significant differences were found based on transition group membership, gender, age, and previous experience with a career counselling service. In addition, it was found that people in career transition had moderate to high career decision-making self-efficacy and that respondents with higher self-efficacy scores also had higher expectations of a career counselling service. The findings also indicated that there was a significant difference or gap between the expectations of people in career transition and the perceptions of career counsellors concerning client expectations of career counselling. Career counsellors perceived that clients were less committed and more unrealistic about the career counselling process and the counsellor's role than was indicated by the results from the people in career transition subject group. Recommendations based on the findings of this research study were made for career counsellors, professional associations, education and training organisations, education institutions and systems and government policy makers. Specifically, the recommendations addressed the importance of acknowledging, clarifying, and managing client expectations, providing interventions to educate people in career transition about the career decision-making process and the role of the career counsellor, and the implementation of processes to promote ongoing professional development in the career counselling services industry.

新聞教育以培育新聞專業人才為主旨，但近年的統計數據指出，新聞系仍是台灣許多高中生嚮往的大學志願，畢業後願意投身新聞職業的新聞系學生卻越來越少。在這之中，新聞系學生在大學期間的從業意願轉變過程與原因值得探討。 本研究從Tiedeman的歷時性觀點出發，以14位不從事新聞工作的新聞系畢業生為研究對象，將他們的職業選擇視為一段由學習與生活經驗構築而成之歷程，並透過深度訪談法瞭解他們對自身學習經驗的主觀詮釋，分析其畢業後首份職業決定的形成過程，並循Krumboltz的生涯決定社會學習論剖析各項影響職業選擇的因素。 研究發現，新聞系學生的非職業抉擇實屬一段歷經新聞從業意願起伏的過程，而非一夕促成的決定。其中，大學學習經驗的影響最是深遠，而「個人的興趣與能力」、「校內實習」與實際接觸新聞實務的「校外實習」是最重要的三個節點，新聞系學生在三者之間經歷職業期望落差，對他們的新聞從業意願造成負面影響。研究者並將新聞系學生的非新聞職業抉擇歷程分為四類：（1）發現新聞之外的職業興趣、（2）校內實習期間經歷職業想像衝突、學習挫折、（3）在校內、外實習經驗的轉換間感知新聞理想與現實的落差，以及（4）從未萌生新聞從業意願。 縱使未投入新聞業，新聞系的專業訓練仍對新聞系學生的職場表現有所助益，諸如資訊蒐集、溝通表達、團隊合作能力等。最後，研究者根據研究結果，對當前的新聞教育提出相關討論與建議。

Since the beginning of 2000 the media have often referred to the decrease in the number of teachers in South Africa. In the light of the discrepancy between the supply and demand of teachers, I have explored some factors that possibly contribute to the career choice of teachers. I departed from a positivist as well as an interpretevist approach. The research included the implementation of a First-year Teacher Questionnaire. Some career development theories are discussed as the theoretical grounding for the career choice of first-year teaching students. First-year teaching students generally have a positive perception of teaching, based mainly on their belief that teaching offers ample opportunities for potential-facilitation, selffulfilment, self-discovery, as well as fringe benefits. It seems that where negative perceptions existed, they were based on observable hindrances and personal issues. My research complements the Social Cognitive Career Theory and confirms the concern for the fact that a relatively small percentage African language-speaking students, especially males, choose teaching as a field of study / Dissertation (MEd (Educational Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

The fundamental aim of education is to empower learners to succeed in their career path and, as such, the future of South African learners depends on the quality of decisions and the progress made by them in respect of their personal and career development needs. The focus of the study was on investigating the awareness of guidance and counselling in Ga-Rankuwa secondary schools, and explore factors influencing career choice. The total number of secondary schools that participated in the study were seven (7), and all public schools from the disadvantaged context, in the Tshwane West Education District. The study was a descriptive survey, and the target population consisted of 859 participants. The data were collected, using two questionnaires; namely the Career Development Questionnaire (CDQ), and the Selfstructured Questionnaire (SSQ). The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to generate data, which were used as descriptive statistics of frequency table, percentages and cross-tabulation to “raise awareness on the status of career guidance and counselling in GaRankuwa secondary schools” The findings of the study showed that career guidance and counselling was not effectively implemented in schools, and that inadequate career education was offered to learners during Life Orientation classes. From the findings, it was discovered that learners did not have the accurate, sufficient, informed and practical knowledge to help them make sound career decisions, and that learners’ levels of career maturity were very low. It was evident from the findings that age, gender, parents/guardians educational background did not have any significant influence on learners’ career choices. The researcher, therefore, recommends that Life-Orientation teachers be exposed to extensive career guidance and be offered training in career counselling, and that there should be adequate and accessible career guidance and counselling facilities for learners – and that career guidance strategies and policies should be reviewed. / Psychology / Ph. D. (Psychology)

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No description available.

自我決定理論是個從環境脈絡、個體心理需求、動機型態來看待個體適應性行為的歷程理論。本研究之研究旨趣即是以自我決定理論之觀點，探討父母支持、教師支持、基本需求滿足、生涯自主動機、生涯定向及學習投入的現況及各變項在性別、年級、學校性質的差異情形，研究者乃根據上述變項提出兩個模式並予以驗證。 本研究以台灣地區北、中、南、東四個地區1120位高中生為對象，研究工具包括：研究者改編之「父母支持量表」、「教師支持量表」、「基本需求滿足量表」、「生涯自主動機量表」、「生涯定向量表」及「學習投入量表」。本研究採用單因子多變量變異數分析與潛在變項模式分析進行研究假設之驗證。 研究結果顯示： 1.現今高中生所知覺的父母支持及教師支持頻率偏高，基本需求滿足程度良好、生涯自主動機程度偏高、生涯定向程度中等、學習投入狀況積極。 2.女高中生比起男高中生，感覺到較高的父母支持、教師支持，並且在聯繫感的需求上獲得較高的滿足；高三學生比起高二學生而言，他們感覺到較高的教師支持，有著較高的生涯自主動機，對於未來生涯的目標也較為明確，高一的學生也比高二的學生感受到較多的教師支持；明星高中的學生比社區高中的學生感受到較高的父母支持，而社區高中的學生比明星高中的學生感受到較高的教師支持。 3.以父母支持、教師支持為自變項、基本需求滿足、生涯自主動機為中介變項，生涯定向為依變項的「生涯自主動機歷程與生涯定向模式」獲得支持。亦即高中生所知覺的父母支持、教師支持會正向影響個體的基本需求滿足程度，基本需求滿足程度會進一步正向影響生涯自主動機，再透過生涯自主動機對生涯定向產生正向影響。 4.以父母支持、教師支持為自變項、基本需求滿足、生涯自主動機、生涯定向為中介變項，學習投入為依變項的「生涯自主動機歷程與生涯定向、學習投入模式」獲得支持。亦即生涯自主動機、生涯定向對學習投入有正向影響，且父母支持及教師支持對學習投入有直接正向影響。 最後，研究者根據研究結果提出建議，以供高中父母、教師、輔導單位、高中生及未來研究者參考。

Résumé. Le but de cette thèse de doctorat est d’analyse le rôle des quatre variables individuelles (traits de personnalité, sentiment d’efficacité de la décision de carrière, support social perçu et intelligence émotionnelle) dans l’explication des différents aspects décisionnels (difficultés à prendre des décisions de carrière, styles décisionnels, indécision généralisée). Dans ce travail de doctorat on va utiliser les résultats des articles suivants qui ont été publiés ou sont sous presse sur journaux. L’article de Di Fabio et Palazzeschi (2009a) permet de mettre en évidence chez les apprentis italiens une relation entre les difficultés à prendre des décisions de carrière (Manque de promptitude, Manque d’information et Inconsistance de l’information) et les traits de personnalité (liaison négative avec l’Extraversion et positive avec le Névrosisme) et négatives avec l’intelligence émotionnelle. L’étude montre également comment l’intelligence émotionnelle est en mesure d’expliquer un pourcentage de variance incrémentale de chacune des trois dimensions du CDDQ par rapport aux traits de personnalité. L’article de Di Fabio et Blustein (2010) permet de démontrer chez des lycéens italiens l’existence de relations entre l’intelligence émotionnelle et les styles décisionnels du modèle de Mann et al. (1997), en montrant comment, parmi les dimensions de l’intelligence émotionnelle, c’est l’Intrapersonnelle qui apporte le plus grand pourcentage d’explication inverse des styles non adaptifs du MDMQ (évitement, procrastination, hypervigilance) tandis que c’est l’Adaptabilité qui apporte le plus grand pourcentage d’explication positive du style adaptatif vigilance du MDMQ. L’article de Di Fabio et Kenny (2012) permet de confirmer chez des lycéens italiens l’existence de relations entre l’intelligence émotionnelle et les styles décisionnels dans ce cas définies selon le modèle de Scott et Bruce (1995). Cette étude permet de souligner aussi que c’est surtout l’intelligence émotionnelle auto-évaluée plutôt que l’intelligence émotionnelle comme habileté qui explique les styles décisionnels. L’article de Di Fabio, Palazzeschi, Asulin-Peretz et Gati (sous presse) permet de démontrer que l’intelligence émotionnelle explique un pourcentage de variance incrémentale soit par rapport à les traits de personnalité soit par rapport à le sentiment d’efficacité de la décision de carrière et au support social perçu en ce qui concerne tant les difficultés à prendre des décisions de carrière que l’indécision généralisée. L’étude a aussi révélé que les difficultés à prendre des décisions de carrière sont mieux expliquées par l’intelligence émotionnelle alors que l’indécision généralisée est mieux expliquées par les traits de personnalité. L’article de Di Fabio et Kenny (2011) a montré l’efficacité d’une formation pour le développement de l’intelligence émotionnelle conçue spécifiquement pour des lycéens italiens selon le modèle des habiletés, en montrant comment cette formation augmente l’intelligence émotionnelle tant comme habileté qu’ auto-évaluée et diminue l’indécision de carrière et l’indécision généralisée. Les hypothèses ont été confirmées par les articles présentés, ouvrant de nouvelles perspectives de recherche et d’intervention. <p><p>Références bibliographiques<p><p>Di Fabio, A. & Blustein, D. L. (2010). Emotional intelligence and decisional conflict styles: Some empirical evidence among Italian high school students. Journal of Career Assessment, 18, 71-81.<p>Di Fabio, A. & Kenny, M. E. (2011). Promoting emotional intelligence and career decision making among Italian high school students. Journal of Career Assessment, 19, 21-34.<p>Fabio, A. & Kenny, M. E. (2012). The contribution of emotional intelligence to decisional styles among Italian high school students. Journal of Career Assessment, 20, 404-414. <p>Di Fabio, A. & Palazzeschi, L. (2009a). Emotional intelligence, personality traits and career decision difficulties. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 9(2), 135-146.<p>Di Fabio, A. Palazzeschi, L. Asulin-Peretz, L. & Gati, I (sous presse). Career indecision versus indecisiveness: Associations with personality traits and emotional intelligence. Journal of Career Assessment./Abstract. The aim of this doctoral dissertation is to analyse the role of four individual variables (personality traits, career decision-making self-efficacy, perceived social support and emotional intelligence) in explaining different decisional aspects (career decision-making difficulties, decisional styles, indecisiveness). In this doctoral work, it was using the results of the following articles that were published or were in press on journals. The article of Di Fabio and Palazzeschi (2009a) highlighted in Italian young workers engaged in paid professional training a relationship between career decision-making difficulties (Lack of readiness, Lack of information, Inconsistent information) and personality traits (inverse relationship with Extraversion and positive with Neuroticism) et inverse with emotional intelligence. The study also showed how emotional intelligence was able to explain a percentage of incremental variance in each of the three dimensions of CDDQ in relation to personality traits. The article of Di Fabio and Blustein (2010) demonstrated in Italian high school students the existence of relationships between emotional intelligence and decisional styles according to Mann et al. (1997) model showing how, among emotional intelligence dimensions, was the Intrapersonal which provided the largest percentage of inverse explanation of non-adaptive styles of the MDMQ (avoidance, procrastination, hypervigilance) whereas was Adaptability which brought the highest percentage of positive explanation of vigilance adaptive style of the MDMQ. The article of Di Fabio and Kenny (2012) confirmed in Italian high school students the existence of relationships between emotional intelligence and decisional styles in this case defined according to Scott and Bruce (1995) model. This study also underlined that it was especially self-reported emotional intelligence rather than ability-based emotional intelligence which explained decisional styles. The article of Di Fabio, Palazzeschi, Asulin-Peretz and Gati (in press) demonstrated that emotional intelligence explained a percentage of incremental variance in relation to both personality traits and career decision-making self-efficacy and perceived social support with regards to both career decision-making difficulties and indecisiveness. The study also revealed that career decision-making difficulties were better explained by emotional intelligence while indecisiveness was better explained by personality traits. The article of Di Fabio and Kenny (2011) showed the effectiveness of a training for the development of emotional intelligence designed specifically for Italian high school students according to ability-based model, showing how this training increased emotional intelligence both ability-based and self-reported and decreased career indecision and indecisiveness. The hypotheses were confirmed by the described articles, opening new perspectives for research and intervention.<p><p>References<p><p>Di Fabio, A. & Blustein, D. L. (2010). Emotional intelligence and decisional conflict styles: Some empirical evidence among Italian high school students. Journal of Career Assessment, 18, 71-81.<p>Di Fabio, A. & Kenny, M. E. (2011). Promoting emotional intelligence and career decision making among Italian high school students. Journal of Career Assessment, 19, 21-34.<p>Fabio, A. & Kenny, M. E. (2012). The contribution of emotional intelligence to decisional styles among Italian high school students. Journal of Career Assessment, 20, 404-414. <p>Di Fabio, A. & Palazzeschi, L. (2009a). Emotional intelligence, personality traits and career decision difficulties. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 9(2), 135-146.<p>Di Fabio, A. Palazzeschi, L. Asulin-Peretz, L. & Gati, I. (in press). Career indecision versus indecisiveness: Associations with personality traits and emotional intelligence. Journal of Career Assessment.<p> / Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished