Abstract This thesis offers the first detailed critical account of the Greek-Australian writer, Alex Doucas (1900-1962) who came to Australia in 1927 as a migrant from Asia Minor. It attempts to place his work in the perspectives of Greek and Australian literatures and to evaluate his position both as a migrant and as a writer. The Asia Minor Catastrophe and the exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey in 1923, as well as the Great Depression he faced in Australia along with many other Australians had a profound effect on his social outlook. Considered one of the pioneers of Greek-Australian Literature, Doucas played an important role in the development of Greek community life in Australia during the pre- and post-World War II periods. His work consists of two published novels (one posthumously) and a significant body of published and unpublished, stories, poems, translations and essays. Out of print for some decades, it remains largely unknown to the general public or even to academic circles in Greece and in Australia. It was, however, a landmark of Greek-Australian Literature and continues to have more than historical interest in its treatment of migration, exile and displacement, and in its use of intercultural perspectives to forge a positive vision for humanity. Although forced into ill-paid manual labour for much of his life after his arrival in Australia, Alex Doucas tried to develop links and relationships with Australian intellectual circles and to become involved in Australian life in the broadest way. At the same time, he never lost contact with social, political and literary developments in Greece. Alex Doucas maintained close relations with both the Greek and Australian literary traditions. As a writer he belongs to the Greek generation of the 1930s and its literary traditions. In his work, he dealt with events which took place in Anatolia before the Asia Minor Catastrophe as well as with the impact the catastrophe had on Greek society. He is one of the first writers of his generation who turned his attention to the “other side of the coin” and investigated the impact of the Catastrophe on the Turkish people. This perspective was adopted mainly due to the openness that he found in Australia, an openness that led to Multiculturalism. Alex Doucas was a multiculturalist before his time. His work is a fine example of the Australian version of Multiculturalism. Through his brother Stratis Doucas (also a writer) and others, he kept himself informed on all sorts of changes and developments in his native country, Greece, especially as it was shaped after the Asia Minor Catastrophe. At the same time, he tried to understand the Australian way of life, its culture and its literary traditions. His bi-cultural position gave him a powerful perspective. He attempted to understand the Australian way of life through his Greekness and to find answers for problematic events that happened in Greece through his Australian experience. Across the entire span of Doucas’s work, it is clear that his political philosophy and his belief in the goals of socialism played a crucial role in his consciousness of himself as a writer whose role was to provide the artistic equivalent of the philosophical basis of Marxism, best expressed in the Theses on Feuerbach (1845) by Marx, in his famous dictum, "Philosophers have hitherto only interpreted the world in various ways; the point is to change it". In other words, it was never enough for Doucas simply to describe in social realist terms the conditions of life and the aspirations of human beings. His aim was to show how these conditions might be changed for the better, not only for the individual, but for the community as a whole. Equally, he wished to show how people’s aspirations, particularly those of an immigrant community familiar with exile, suffering and loss, might be more fully realised.

« Les Sapeurs-pompiers, une identité temporelle de métier » Résumé Notre thèse a pour objet le travail des sapeurs-pompiers. Ce travail est soumis à une évolution notable. D'un côté, l'évolution récente du métier, avec la croissance des interventions de « secours à victimes » affaiblit l'image du pompier « héroïque » pour le transformer en « travailleur social ». D'un autre côté, les pompiers maintiennent leurs engagements professionnels et répondent aux attentes de la population en mobilisant des valeurs collectives. Nos analyses tentent de montrer les multiples facettes de ce travail d'urgence en variant les objets d'analyse : négociation et conflit à propos du temps de travail, interventions lors de la catastrophe "AZF", observation de la vie quotidienne des pompiers, analyse de leurs discours assistée par ordinateur. Notre thèse peut être résumée rapidement. Le travail d'urgence des sapeurs-pompiers est supporté par une identité temporelle de métier. L'identité des pompiers se construit autour de valeurs partagées, de représentations tout autant subjectives qu'imprégnées d'histoire de la profession. Le pompier reste pompier même en dehors de ses activités professionnelles. L'organisation formalisée des interventions est accompagnée d'une organisation collective non-formalisée, tributaire des évènements, mais qui renvoie à un ensemble de croyances et d'engagements orientés vers l'aide des victimes. Les temporalités de cette profession caractérisent bien cette identité particulière : des horaires peu communs, l'urgence des interventions, le refus de la distinction entre vie privée et vie professionnelle, une disponibilité permanente. Ces temporalités sont bien sociales. Elles transgressent les frontières établies entre les activités, les manières de classer et de mesurer l'effort des individus. Le métier de sapeurs-pompiers met en cause les cadres habituels d'analyse du travail. Ce métier de la « protection » des individus est en effet exercé à 85% par des non-professionnels. Les « volontaires » mettent en relief ce type d'engagement professionnel très particulier, à la limite d'un salariat classique, caractérisé par une vie associative et par une activité professionnelle complémentaire. L'identité temporelle de métier permet de déplacer le regard sur le travail, son organisation et sur sa finalité économique. Elle s'articule autour du don de soi, dans des collectifs soudés, en vue d'un service public de protection, du secours et de la solidarité sociale.

L'explosion de l'usine AZF, le 21 septembre 2001 à Toulouse, pose éminemment la question de la place d'activités " à risques " dans l'espace urbain, et remet brutalement en cause la légitimité d'usage des sols qu'avait acquise l'industrie. Partant de la catastrophe d'AZF, des discours sur l'espace qu'elle génère et les rapports de force qu'elle met en évidence, cette thèse analyse les relations que la société toulousaine entretient avec l'industrie chimique depuis l'implantation de la Poudrerie nationale de Toulouse au milieu du XIXe siècle. Les répercussions, matérielles et symboliques, de l'événement sont ainsi mises en perspective avec les dynamiques territoriales à l'œuvre sur l'espace urbain sinistré, dans une temporalité encadrant l'avant et l'après-catastrophe. Emblématique de ces changements, l'ONIA, ancêtre de l'usine AZF, était dans les années d'après-guerre une entreprise-phare de l'agglomération toulousaine. Celle-ci est entrée ensuite, du fait de l'évolution du projet industriel, de l'urbanisation des alentours et de la montée des préoccupations environnementales, dans un cycle de progressive déqualification, qui se conclut en avril 2002 par une décision de fermeture définitive. Les vifs débats sur l'avenir des installations chimiques laissent alors la place à l'émergence d'un projet de requalification du site industriel sinistré, autour d'un centre de recherche et de soins sur le cancer : le Cancéropôle. Affirmant une rupture avec le passé industriel du site, ce projet est au cœur des reconstructions successives à l'explosion de l'usine AZF. Il vise à réinscrire l'espace sinistré dans le développement économique et urbain d'une métropole qui " gagne ".

Ce mémoire porte sur le débat autour du principe d'inassurabilité privée formulé par Ulrich Beck puis critiqué par Richard Ericson et ses collaborateurs. Nous visons à remédier à l'absence de retour sur cette controverse en proposant une contribution à la sociologie de l'assurance à travers une réflexion sur l'assurabilité. Notre méthode consiste en l'analyse de synthèse comparative dudit débat. La problématique centrale est de voir si l'économie politique de la globalisation néolibérale correspond ou ne correspond pas à une désintégration du pouvoir des institutions gouvernant l'accumulation du capital à tirer profits de la couverture assurantielle des risques de catastrophes. Suite à une revue de littérature des principales critiques de la sociologie de Beck, nous nous penchons sur la question de l'assurabilité en réfléchissant à l'articulation du risque et de l'incertitude. Nous proposons que ces deux notions entretiennent des rapports nécessitant des médiations institutionnelles et organisationnelles. Le pouvoir du capital et sa collaboration avec les institutions publiques détermineraient la nature de l'assurabilité. Nous déconstruisons ensuite la vision beckienne du capitalisme contemporain selon laquelle le pouvoir économique de la firme s'opposerait à l'État-nation. De surcroît, Beck soutient que la crise des institutions modernes face aux nouveaux risques incontrôlables frappe ultimement l'État et la firme. Par la suite, nous voyons que le PIP suggère que l'industrie de l'assurance refuserait de couvrir les risques à probabilités faibles et à conséquences catastrophiques. Or, les études empiriques menées par Ericson démontrent que la gouvernance assurantielle privée aurait garanti la couverture du risque de terrorisme suite au 11 septembre 2001. Nous concluons enfin que la thèse de la crise des institutions modernes devant la globalité des nouveaux risques, de même que la théorie post-structuraliste du pouvoir, conduisent Beck à occulter la capacité des assureurs à exploiter les opportunités de profits que représentent paradoxalement les risques de catastrophes. Dans le contexte de la globalisation néolibérale, l'État-nation et la firme s'inscrivent donc en partenariat pour garantir l'extension maximale de l'assurabilité privée en fonction de l'impératif de l'accumulation du capital. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : sociologie, risque, assurabilité, assurance, catastrophe, terrorisme, technologie, science, économie, marché, État, gouvernance.

Le sujet confronté aux puissances objectives et destructrices d'un événement comme la Deuxième Guerre mondiale porte inévitablement la marque d'un changement survenu dans sa réalité sociale. Ce bouleversement fondamental au sein du sujet et de sa société constitue le point commun majeur entre deux romans publiés après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale : Pompes funèbres (1953) de Jean Genet et D'un château l'autre (1957) de Louis-Ferdinand Céline. Les retombées de la guerre s'inscrivent ainsi au cœur de ces œuvres qui, à travers la voix de leurs narrateurs, réorganisent les ruines d'un monde détruit pour le raconter. Le « sens commun », concept philosophique emprunté à Hannah Arendt, permet de réfléchir aux problèmes soulevés par l'expérience de la catastrophe et par ses conséquences dans la communauté, puisque, selon ses acceptions, il concerne trois dimensions fondamentales qui touchent la relation de l'humain avec sa société : la perception sensible (synthèse du sensible), la perception intellectuelle (bon sens et sens de la communauté) et la signification (rationalité commune). En tirant profit de l'analyse de ce concept, cette thèse se demande : comment ces romans peuvent-ils produire une communauté de sens capable de transmettre l'expérience moderne? Des écrivains comme Céline et Genet abordent de front la question de la relation du sujet à sa communauté. Ils ont tous les deux une posture particulière qui leur confère une situation inédite au sein de la société : Céline est coupable en raison de la publication de ses trois pamphlets antisémites et Genet est un criminel condamné pour vol qui fait des séjours de plusieurs mois en prison pendant l'Occupation. L'étude de ces romans offre ainsi l'occasion de proposer de nouvelles bases pour réfléchir à la notion de sens commun et à son statut dans les œuvres littéraires. D'un château l'autre et Pompes funèbres s'inscrivent dans une crise plus générale du sens qui survient dans l'après-guerre française et participent de ce fait à une réflexion sur le sens commun. À partir d'eux, cette thèse s'intéresse plus exactement à la fin de la guerre en France - le souvenir encore récent de l'Occupation et la période de la Libération - et démontre que le concept de sens commun est essentiel pour aborder des œuvres dont l'intrigue se déroule dans les ruines de la guerre. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Littérature, Sens commun, Hannah Arendt, Louis-Ferdinand Céline, Jean Genet, Deuxième Guerre mondiale.

No description available.

Lorsque les désastres et les catastrophes apparaissent comme des traits marquants de l'existence sociale et collective, notre vision/conception du monde, tant esthétique que cognitive, se voit interpellée, voire prise à défaut. Le monde contemporain est traversé par une crise de nos certitudes de maîtrise de la nature et de la société, crise paradoxale puisqu'elle s'enracine dans nos immenses pouvoirs de transformation, ceux-là mêmes qui entretenaient nos espoirs de progrès et dont les conséquences imprévues nourrissent aujourd'hui nos appréhensions et nos peurs collectives. A travers un regard sociologique, cette recherche interroge le poids des imaginaires sociaux sur la production de l'événement-catastrophe, et, en retour, l'influence de cette dernière sur les opinions, les attitudes et les comportements de prévention du danger et les représentations sociales de la sécurité. Construit sur un corpus d'une dizaine de catastrophe (de la tempête de décembre 1999 en Europe de l'Ouest à la catastrophe de Fukushima en 2011), et soutenu par un travail de terrain (presse, littérature, cinéma, jeux-vidéo mais aussi groupes de préparation aux désastres), ce travail fait apparaitre l'efficience de l'archétypologie durandienne et dévoile de la réactivation d'anciens mythes et l'apparition de nouveaux récits dans le complexe sociétal, introduisant alors une idée neuve en Occident : notre époque est fascinée par sa puissance mais aussi terrifiée par un avenir dans lequel elle ne sait plus lire que des promesses de déclin.

Abstract This thesis offers the first detailed critical account of the Greek-Australian writer, Alex Doucas (1900-1962) who came to Australia in 1927 as a migrant from Asia Minor. It attempts to place his work in the perspectives of Greek and Australian literatures and to evaluate his position both as a migrant and as a writer. The Asia Minor Catastrophe and the exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey in 1923, as well as the Great Depression he faced in Australia along with many other Australians had a profound effect on his social outlook. Considered one of the pioneers of Greek-Australian Literature, Doucas played an important role in the development of Greek community life in Australia during the pre- and post-World War II periods. His work consists of two published novels (one posthumously) and a significant body of published and unpublished, stories, poems, translations and essays. Out of print for some decades, it remains largely unknown to the general public or even to academic circles in Greece and in Australia. It was, however, a landmark of Greek-Australian Literature and continues to have more than historical interest in its treatment of migration, exile and displacement, and in its use of intercultural perspectives to forge a positive vision for humanity. Although forced into ill-paid manual labour for much of his life after his arrival in Australia, Alex Doucas tried to develop links and relationships with Australian intellectual circles and to become involved in Australian life in the broadest way. At the same time, he never lost contact with social, political and literary developments in Greece. Alex Doucas maintained close relations with both the Greek and Australian literary traditions. As a writer he belongs to the Greek generation of the 1930s and its literary traditions. In his work, he dealt with events which took place in Anatolia before the Asia Minor Catastrophe as well as with the impact the catastrophe had on Greek society. He is one of the first writers of his generation who turned his attention to the “other side of the coin” and investigated the impact of the Catastrophe on the Turkish people. This perspective was adopted mainly due to the openness that he found in Australia, an openness that led to Multiculturalism. Alex Doucas was a multiculturalist before his time. His work is a fine example of the Australian version of Multiculturalism. Through his brother Stratis Doucas (also a writer) and others, he kept himself informed on all sorts of changes and developments in his native country, Greece, especially as it was shaped after the Asia Minor Catastrophe. At the same time, he tried to understand the Australian way of life, its culture and its literary traditions. His bi-cultural position gave him a powerful perspective. He attempted to understand the Australian way of life through his Greekness and to find answers for problematic events that happened in Greece through his Australian experience. Across the entire span of Doucas’s work, it is clear that his political philosophy and his belief in the goals of socialism played a crucial role in his consciousness of himself as a writer whose role was to provide the artistic equivalent of the philosophical basis of Marxism, best expressed in the Theses on Feuerbach (1845) by Marx, in his famous dictum, "Philosophers have hitherto only interpreted the world in various ways; the point is to change it". In other words, it was never enough for Doucas simply to describe in social realist terms the conditions of life and the aspirations of human beings. His aim was to show how these conditions might be changed for the better, not only for the individual, but for the community as a whole. Equally, he wished to show how people’s aspirations, particularly those of an immigrant community familiar with exile, suffering and loss, might be more fully realised.

Abstract This thesis offers the first detailed critical account of the Greek-Australian writer, Alex Doucas (1900-1962) who came to Australia in 1927 as a migrant from Asia Minor. It attempts to place his work in the perspectives of Greek and Australian literatures and to evaluate his position both as a migrant and as a writer. The Asia Minor Catastrophe and the exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey in 1923, as well as the Great Depression he faced in Australia along with many other Australians had a profound effect on his social outlook. Considered one of the pioneers of Greek-Australian Literature, Doucas played an important role in the development of Greek community life in Australia during the pre- and post-World War II periods. His work consists of two published novels (one posthumously) and a significant body of published and unpublished, stories, poems, translations and essays. Out of print for some decades, it remains largely unknown to the general public or even to academic circles in Greece and in Australia. It was, however, a landmark of Greek-Australian Literature and continues to have more than historical interest in its treatment of migration, exile and displacement, and in its use of intercultural perspectives to forge a positive vision for humanity. Although forced into ill-paid manual labour for much of his life after his arrival in Australia, Alex Doucas tried to develop links and relationships with Australian intellectual circles and to become involved in Australian life in the broadest way. At the same time, he never lost contact with social, political and literary developments in Greece. Alex Doucas maintained close relations with both the Greek and Australian literary traditions. As a writer he belongs to the Greek generation of the 1930s and its literary traditions. In his work, he dealt with events which took place in Anatolia before the Asia Minor Catastrophe as well as with the impact the catastrophe had on Greek society. He is one of the first writers of his generation who turned his attention to the “other side of the coin” and investigated the impact of the Catastrophe on the Turkish people. This perspective was adopted mainly due to the openness that he found in Australia, an openness that led to Multiculturalism. Alex Doucas was a multiculturalist before his time. His work is a fine example of the Australian version of Multiculturalism. Through his brother Stratis Doucas (also a writer) and others, he kept himself informed on all sorts of changes and developments in his native country, Greece, especially as it was shaped after the Asia Minor Catastrophe. At the same time, he tried to understand the Australian way of life, its culture and its literary traditions. His bi-cultural position gave him a powerful perspective. He attempted to understand the Australian way of life through his Greekness and to find answers for problematic events that happened in Greece through his Australian experience. Across the entire span of Doucas’s work, it is clear that his political philosophy and his belief in the goals of socialism played a crucial role in his consciousness of himself as a writer whose role was to provide the artistic equivalent of the philosophical basis of Marxism, best expressed in the Theses on Feuerbach (1845) by Marx, in his famous dictum, "Philosophers have hitherto only interpreted the world in various ways; the point is to change it". In other words, it was never enough for Doucas simply to describe in social realist terms the conditions of life and the aspirations of human beings. His aim was to show how these conditions might be changed for the better, not only for the individual, but for the community as a whole. Equally, he wished to show how people’s aspirations, particularly those of an immigrant community familiar with exile, suffering and loss, might be more fully realised.

Abstract This thesis offers the first detailed critical account of the Greek-Australian writer, Alex Doucas (1900-1962) who came to Australia in 1927 as a migrant from Asia Minor. It attempts to place his work in the perspectives of Greek and Australian literatures and to evaluate his position both as a migrant and as a writer. The Asia Minor Catastrophe and the exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey in 1923, as well as the Great Depression he faced in Australia along with many other Australians had a profound effect on his social outlook. Considered one of the pioneers of Greek-Australian Literature, Doucas played an important role in the development of Greek community life in Australia during the pre- and post-World War II periods. His work consists of two published novels (one posthumously) and a significant body of published and unpublished, stories, poems, translations and essays. Out of print for some decades, it remains largely unknown to the general public or even to academic circles in Greece and in Australia. It was, however, a landmark of Greek-Australian Literature and continues to have more than historical interest in its treatment of migration, exile and displacement, and in its use of intercultural perspectives to forge a positive vision for humanity. Although forced into ill-paid manual labour for much of his life after his arrival in Australia, Alex Doucas tried to develop links and relationships with Australian intellectual circles and to become involved in Australian life in the broadest way. At the same time, he never lost contact with social, political and literary developments in Greece. Alex Doucas maintained close relations with both the Greek and Australian literary traditions. As a writer he belongs to the Greek generation of the 1930s and its literary traditions. In his work, he dealt with events which took place in Anatolia before the Asia Minor Catastrophe as well as with the impact the catastrophe had on Greek society. He is one of the first writers of his generation who turned his attention to the “other side of the coin” and investigated the impact of the Catastrophe on the Turkish people. This perspective was adopted mainly due to the openness that he found in Australia, an openness that led to Multiculturalism. Alex Doucas was a multiculturalist before his time. His work is a fine example of the Australian version of Multiculturalism. Through his brother Stratis Doucas (also a writer) and others, he kept himself informed on all sorts of changes and developments in his native country, Greece, especially as it was shaped after the Asia Minor Catastrophe. At the same time, he tried to understand the Australian way of life, its culture and its literary traditions. His bi-cultural position gave him a powerful perspective. He attempted to understand the Australian way of life through his Greekness and to find answers for problematic events that happened in Greece through his Australian experience. Across the entire span of Doucas’s work, it is clear that his political philosophy and his belief in the goals of socialism played a crucial role in his consciousness of himself as a writer whose role was to provide the artistic equivalent of the philosophical basis of Marxism, best expressed in the Theses on Feuerbach (1845) by Marx, in his famous dictum, "Philosophers have hitherto only interpreted the world in various ways; the point is to change it". In other words, it was never enough for Doucas simply to describe in social realist terms the conditions of life and the aspirations of human beings. His aim was to show how these conditions might be changed for the better, not only for the individual, but for the community as a whole. Equally, he wished to show how people’s aspirations, particularly those of an immigrant community familiar with exile, suffering and loss, might be more fully realised.