Sustainability communication have in the wake of a wider discussion about climate change been a subject of great exponential growth. This study, The sustainable hotel - A critical discourse analysis of Scandic Sweden´s sustainability communication, aims to present how one of the largest companies in the hotel industry in Scandinavia presents sustainability communication within their system of media. This study relies on a theoretical framework based on Mcluhan´s theory of medium, Bauman´s idea on the society of consumption and the theory of sustainability. With the method of critical discourse analysis combined with rhetorical analysis, we studied Scandic hotels sustainability communication in the context of Fairclough´s three dimensions: textual, discursive practice and social dimension. Furthermore, we analysed how each channel within Scandic Sweden´s media system were used for sustainability communication in the light of Mcluhan´s broad definition of medium. This study makes a number of interesting findings of how sustainability communication mediates from a industry-leading company in regards of sustainability. Scandic hotels make use of vague and broad statements on social media platforms while they communicate about sustainability extensively on their website and in policy documents. This indicates that Scandic construct and presents their sustainability communication differently depending on which medium they make use of.

The aim of this investigation was to study what adjectives the media uses when describing female and male football players and sportswomen and sportsmen. The objective was to see if the adjectives described men and women differently and whether the adjectives reinforced gender stereotypes. To see the frequency an adjective had an online corpus was used and the analysis was based on Fairclough´s model of critical discourse analysis. The results showed that many adjectives were used for both genders. However, adjectives regarding appearance only showed in the results for women. In conclusion, the men and women were described in similar ways, however, as the women were also described by their beauty indicates that the media reinforces the gender stereotypes in certain ways.

Language is affected by the society in which it is used. Men and women have not had the same status in society, which means that the language used about them may potentially be different. A domain in society that was created for men is sports, yet, nowadays women also feature in sports. The aim of this study is to explore how women and their performances in sports are represented in newspapers. Previous research in the field of language, gender and sports has found that women are not depicted in the same way as men (Lundquist Wanneberg, 2011; Bissel, 2006; Segrave, McDowell and King III, 2006). To study how women are represented in sports articles, six articles about female athletes were analyzed through Critical Discourse Analysis. The analysis was based on Fairclough and Wodak’s (2010) framework that focuses on the domains of representation, relations and identities. These domains were divided into five categories: terms used to refer to the athletes, attributes, performance, sport descriptions and emotions. This allowed an analysis which showed how the world of sports views women, how women are represented as athletes, and the relation between the athletes and their sports. The analysis showed that women are depicted as ‘female’ athletes, not just athletes. This could be found through the usage of, for example, the noun and possessive marker women’s, which is used as a premodifier to describe the sports throughout the texts. It was also found that the world of sports is normally one where men are active and therefore it had to be explained when women were excellent at their sport, even when compared to men. This could be found through the usage of explanatory language, which clearly stated that the female athletes in question are or can be better than men.

Detta är en kvalitativ studie som syftar på att öka förståelsen kring ”flyktingkrisen” hösten 2015 i svensk tidningsmedia. Studien behandlar undersökning om hur relationen mellan svenskar och flyktingar uppfattas i sammanhanget. Ett annat perspektiv som lyfts fram i studien är vilken verklighetsbild kan konstrueras genom språket i svensk tidningsmedia. Studien beskriver också vilka maktrelationer kan uppstå inom diskursen om flyktingar. Analysmetoden för studien är kritisk diskursanalys, CDA som utgår från Faircloughs tredimensionell modell, vilket omfattar text, diskursiv praktik och social praktik. I studien har analyserats ett antal artiklar från de fyra största svenska tidningarna. Analysen är baserad på teorier som förklarar hur maktrelationer konstrueras och upprätthålls. Resultaten visar att svensk tidningsmedia genom språket har stor inflytande för konstruktionen av verklighetsbilden kring diskursen om ”flyktingkrisen”. Därtill svensk tidningsmedia genom rapportering om händelser och skeenden i det svenska samhället bidrar till att gränserna mellan gott och ont, ”vi” och ”dem” fastställs. Slutsats av studien blir att diskursen om ”flyktingkrisen” står i förhållande med den politiska, mediala och ekonomiska diskursen i diskursordningen. Likväl diskursen om ”flyktingkrisen” inte är bestämd utan den är ständigt i förändring.

The diploma thesis deals with the Autonomous social centre Klinika in the Prague district of Žižkov and the left-wing, mostly anarchist, groups that affiliate with the centre. The thesis studies the current shape and form of media discourse related to the far-left political scene in the Czech Republic. Using the critical discource approach, the thesis analyzes a number of texts from the multimedia company MAFRA (Lidovky.cz, iDnes.cz) and that of alternative left-wing media (A2larm.cz, Denikreferendum.cz). The thesis investigates whether the fact that the publishing house is owned by the anti-politician Andrej Babiš projected in any way in case of the right-wing (centre- right) media. The main finding is, that the scrutinized right-wing media consistently avoid the question of legitimacy of squatting but their approach to squatting and leftist activist scene is not hostile. On the other hand, the scrutinized leftist media emphasize the legitimacy of squatting. The influence of Andrej Babiš was not confirmed.

This thesis studies Ray Bradbury’s novel Fahrenheit 451 using Critical Discourse Analysis as the primary tool. It argues that the narrative develops through the supporting characters’ actions, and the different societal discourses of hegemony, otherness and class struggle they represent. Basing the analysis on Althusserian and Gramscian ideas and discussing citizen’s transformation from subjects to individuals, this study concludes that although a subject may be power-less and wary, it is by learning to act through being given information through discourse that personal development occurs.

This thesis explores in which ways the EUs border management agency Frontex was represented as a ‘humanitarian’ actor in the Swedish news media during Operation Triton 2014-2017 in the Central Mediterranean. It conducts a critical discourse analysis of Sweden’s largest newspaper Aftonbladet, using traditional and contemporary understandings of humanitarianism paired with saviour, villain, and victim narratives as a theoretical framework. The thesis concludes that such narratives were reproduced in the Swedish news media’s representation of the agency and when combined with the notion of ‘Swedish exceptionalism’, Frontex was especially portrayed as a humanitarian actor. Furthermore, the thesis argues that Frontex was considered a ‘discourse technologist’ within certain areas of the EUs border regime, and that Sweden’s humanitarian position in the EU was compromised during the 2015 refugee ‘crisis’. The research contributes to the field by concentrating explicitly on Frontex in the Swedish news media, which existing research is lacking.

Critical discourse analysis (CDA) is an interdisciplinary approach that studies the relationship between power, language, ideology, and social structures in the various forms of discourse.  Fairclough’s three-dimensional model was employed as the foundation and van Dijk’s ideological square as an assist to deepen the analytical focus on the speeches held by George H. W Bush addressing Somalia and Kuwait. The size of conflict and period differ, this study sees the relevance of comparing the two speeches since they were given by the same person during his period as presidents of the United States and Commander in Chief. The results have shown how Bush uses language to lay arguments for U.S. military action in the out-group nations. By employing concepts such as national self-glorification, empathy, lexicalization, victimization, and polarization: He lay the grounds for the U.S. interventions through language. The results show that representing the United States in a positive light and the out-groups in a negative light e.g. as threat leads to the justification for U.S. intervention but also exposes the underlying power structures and inequality of power.

Sammanfattning/Abstract Lundvall, Malin, Mathiasson, Carina, (2020). Konstruktioner av kön - en kritisk diskursanalys av ett antal åtgärdsprogram. Specialpedagogprogrammet, Institutionen för skolutveckling och ledarskap, Lärande och samhälle, Malmö universitet, 90 hp.Förväntat kunskapsbidragI det här arbetet undersöks hur pojkar och flickor framställs i ett antal åtgärdsprogram samt vilka effekter dessa framställningar kan få utifrån CDA och ett genusperspektiv. Det förväntade kunskapsbidraget är att synliggöra vilka typer av diskurser och framställningar som är framträdande i åtgärdsprogrammen.Syfte och frågeställningarSyftet med den här undersökningen är att öka kunskapen om hur pojkar och flickor framställs i ett antal åtgärdsprogram. Vidare avser syftet att undersöka vilka diskurser som framträder i texten och hur dessa relaterar till genus.Mer specifikt undersöks med utgångspunkt från syftet följande preciserade frågeställningar: •Hur framställs pojkar och flickor i ett antal åtgärdsprogram?•Vilka diskurser framträder och hur relaterar dessa till genus? Teori Undersökningen har en diskursanalytisk ansats med inriktningen kritisk diskursanalys (på engelska förkortat CDA) som betonar språkets betydelse för hur vi ser på världen. CDA är både teori och metod och i teorikapitlet redogörs teorin kring CDA. Även genusteorier belyses för att kunna analysera hur diskurser relaterar till ett genus. MetodI metodkapitlet redogörs hur CDA används som metod. Tre centrala begrepp i teoridelen är Faircloughs tre dimensioner; textens egenskaper, den diskursiva praktiken och den sociala praktiken, Analysen bygger på texter från 123 åtgärdsprogram.ResultatResultatet visar att flickor och pojkar framställs olika i de aktuella åtgärdsprogrammen. Materialet visar också att betydligt fler pojkar än flickor får åtgärdsprogram. Genom analysen av beskrivningar och ord i texterna har tre diskurser blivit framträdande. I dessa diskurser blir olika identiteter tillgängliga som framställer pojkar och flickor som motsatser.Specialpedagogiska implikationerDet kan finnas ett behov av att öka kunskapen om språkets betydelse för hur vi riskerar att skapa könsskillnader genom det texter som produceras i skolan. Personal bör reflektera mer kritiskt kring textinnehållet i skolans dokument samt att elevernas röst och vilja synliggörs i åtgärdsprogrammet.

Previous ideologies about the reading woman resulted in circumscriptions of women's rights to education and free access to literature. Today women in the western world are considered to have unlimited access to education and literature. But research has shown that there still are traces of old-established ideologies of the woman reader in today's society. If so, it is possible that women experience hindrances in the identity as a reader. The overall purpose of the study is to examine representations of the woman reader in fictional texts during different time periods in order to illustrate the hindrances and opportunities that emerge in relation to women´s reading. This is accomplished by examining common discourses about the woman reader in three fictional texts and in what way the discourses have changed during the course of time. The questions are studied with the background of previous research about the woman reader by Flint (1993), Golden (2003) and Jack (2012). The methodology used is Fairclough´s (2015) critical discourse analysis. The result and analysis show that there are five common discourses about the woman reader in the studied material, whereof four shows hindrances and one opportunities women experience in their identity as a reader. The discourses have changed in a way that indicates social struggle. The result and analysis suggests that it is possible that there is a connection between the discourses and previous ideologies. The conclusion is that it is important for libraries to observe attention to whether women express barriers to reading, what these hindrances are and in what situations they arise.