The purpose of my thesis was to elaborate the regional and geographical analysis of the population of Vysočina region. At the beginning of the thesis the long-term development of the population in the area of the Czech republic and Vysočina region nowadays is outlined. Then new trends in the development of the population in the period of transformation are characterized. In the following part the regional differences in the movement of the population of Vysočina region since 1991 are put down. The development of the natural movement of the population, numbers of abortions, marriages and divorces, migration, development and the overall movement of inhabitants are monitored. At the end the changes of selected structures of the population of Vysočina region between SLDB 1991 and 2001 are taken down. The biological structures (inhabitants according to sex and age), economic activities and chosen cultural signs (inhabitants in accordance with education, religion and nationality) are compared. The territory of the religion is judged as a whole with respect to the development of the whole republic, and then the particular districts and the districts of administrations of the municipality with extended competence are compared.

Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Diana Sarita Hamburger / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Santo André, 2018. / O estudo da densidade demográfica urbana não é recente, mas ainda assim, a importância desta variável para a análise ambiental urbana é pouco conclusiva. Antes de tudo, entender qual a relação entre densidade demográfica urbana e meio o ambiente auxilia a compreender a forma de cidade atual e assim planejar o que se deseja modificar. Este projeto busca analisar as características da densidade demográfica urbana presente nas cidades médias do Estado de São Paulo utilizando o setor censitário como unidade de análise. Dessa forma foi possível avaliar não só o quão adensadas se encontram essas cidades, mas as características desse adensamento. Foram analisadas variáveis, ambientais, urbanas e econômica a fim de se obter uma descrição do valor da densidade demográfica urbana calculado. Em geral, as cidades médias tendem a ter um valor de densidade demográfica urbana superior à média encontrada quando se analisa o Estado de São Paulo como um todo. O valor da densidade demográfica urbana tende a aumentar conforma se diminuí a quantidade de vegetação nas áreas analisadas. No entanto, foram observadas áreas que fugiam a essa regra mostrando assim que existem várias formas de se construir uma densidade demográfica. Isso é importante pois a partir do momento em que se observa a forma de densidade demográfica mais recorrente junto com as demais possibilidades encontradas, se pode iniciar então uma discussão mais embasada sobre qual é a forma de densidade demográfica que se deseja para as cidades médias do Estado de São Paulo. / The study of the urban demographic density is not recent, but the importance of this variable for the urban environmental analysis is little conclusive. First of all, understanding the relationship between urban demographic density and the environment helps to comprehend the current city shape and then plan wanted change. This project goals to analyze the characteristics of the urban population density present in the medium-sized cities of the State of São Paulo using the census sector as a unit of analysis. In this way it was possible to evaluate not only the density of these cities, but the characteristics of this density. Environmental, urban and economic variables were analyzed to obtain a description calculated value of the urban demographic density. In general, medium-sized cities tend to have a value of urban demographic density higher than State of São Paulo¿s average. The value of urban demographic density tends to increase if the amount of vegetation in the analyzed areas is reduced. However, areas that deviated from this rule were observed, thus showing that there are several ways of building a population density. This is important because once the most recurrent demographic density is observed along with the other possibilities found, a more in-depth discussion can then be started on what is the demographic density form of that is desired for the medium-sized cities of the State of São Paulo.

A urbanização é uma das ações antrópicas que mais crescem no mundo atual. Por este motivo pesquisas ecológicas são realizadas nas cidades com o objetivo de reconhecer seus impactos, e as aves são utilizadas como uma das ferramentas para diagnóstico ambiental. Assim, o presente estudo avaliou o método de levantamento de aves por ponto fixo, método amplamente utilizado em estudos com aves em diversos ambientes. Foram analisados três pontos que podem influenciar a amostragem de aves através deste método: 1) o habitat onde o levantamento é realizado, observando a composição dos elementos urbanos existentes na cidade; 2) o intervalo de tempo adotado em cada ponto fixo para a coleta de dados; 3) os fatores potencialmente prejudiciais a observação de aves, tais como o ruído sonoro urbano e a presença de conversas causadas por pessoas curiosas. Com a área de estudo estratificada a partir da quantidade de cobertura arbórea existente nos bairros abrangidos, 90 unidades amostrais foram selecionadas. Nestes, foram quantificados os elementos urbanos presentes, a riqueza, o número de contato de aves, os ruídos sonoros e a presença de conversas. Os resultados demonstraram que a reunião de um número maior de espécies e contatos pode ser favorecida pelas áreas de cobertura arbórea, enquanto áreas construídas e pisos impermeáveis podem prejudicar o número de espécies, sendo o número de contato prejudicado apenas pelas áreas de pisos impermeáveis. O número de espécies observadas não foi significativamente diferente após nove minutos de coleta de dados, entretanto o número de contatos continuou crescendo, demonstrando haver recontagens de indivíduos após este intervalo. A riqueza de espécies foi significativamente diferente entre os dados coletados no período seco e no período chuvoso. Conforme houve a maior presença do ruído sonoro urbano menor foi o número de espécies e contatos obtidos nos pontos. A incidência de conversas ocasionadas por pessoas curiosas foi baixa não prejudicando as coletas de dados. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que: o levantamento de aves no meio urbano através do ponto fixo deve considerar a composição do ambiente, já que a riqueza e o número de contato podem variar de acordo com a presença dos diferentes elementos; sejam adotados intervalos de tempo por ponto não superiores a nove minutos; quando possível diferentes épocas do ano devem ser utilizadas para as coletas de dados, visto que podem ser encontradas diferenças entre as estações; sejam escolhidos locais e momentos para as coletas de dados com baixo ruído sonoro. Por fim, o método de ponto fixo foi considerado eficaz para amostragem de aves urbanas, desde que tais cuidados sejam considerados. / The urbanization is one of the anthropic activities with the highest growth rate in the world. Due to this reason, ecological research are conducted in the cities with the goal of recognizing its impacts, using birds as one of the tools to assess the environmental diagnosis. Therefore, the present study assessed the samples by point counts method, which is broadly used for bird census in many environments. Three issues that might affect the sampling of the birds by using this method were analyzed: 1) the habitat where the sampling is performed, observing the urban elements presented in the city; 2) the period of point count duration spent in each sample; 3) the potential factors which disturb the birds detectability, as urban noise and presence of curious citizens who can talk to the researcher in the point count. The research area was stratified from the amount of tree canopies in the selected suburbs, where 90 sample units were selected. In these units, the presence of urban elements, the richness, the number of birds contacts, the noise and the presence of conversations were quantified. The results showed that the number of species and contacts can be benefited from the tree canopy area, while build up areas and impermeable grounds may harm the number of species, although the contact number is harmed only by the impermeable grounds. The number of observed species did not differ significantly after nine minutes of sample period, however the number of contacts kept increasing, demonstrating a repeated counting birds after this interval. The species richness was significantly different between the samples collected in dry and wet seasons. As the urban noise increased, a lower number of species and birds contacts was acknowledged. The incidence of conversation performed by curious people was low, not being able to harm the sample collection. The results suggest that: the bird survey inside the cities by point counts should consider the composition of environment, since the richness and the number of birds contacts can vary according to the presence of different elements; the time of interval should not exceed nine minutes; when possible, different annual seasons should be used for sampling, since differences may be found among them; places and moments for the sampling should be chosen with a low noise. Finally, the point counts method was considered efficient for the sampling of urban birds, provided that such care are considered.

Orientador: Álvaro de Oliveira D'Antona / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T05:40:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bueno_MariadoCarmoDias_D.pdf: 7981716 bytes, checksum: 356dc960778fb4aecc233ad1c7da89f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Dois problemas relacionados com a utilização de dados agregados são bastante conhecidos e citados na literatura. O primeiro deles diz respeito à não coincidência entre as unidades para as quais os dados são disponibilizados e aquelas para as quais os dados são necessários; o segundo está relacionado com a estabilidade temporal das unidades de agregação. Como solução para esses problemas este trabalho propõe a utilização de células regulares dispostas em um sistema de grade para a agregação e disseminação de dados censitários, denominada "grade estatística". As células desta grade têm pequenas dimensões, podendo ser consideradas como "tijolos" que se juntam para formar qualquer recorte espacial desejado e não se alteram ao longo do tempo. A utilização de dados agregados em unidades de pequenas dimensões proporciona também um aumento do potencial analítico. Foram selecionadas duas unidades da federação ¿ Pará e São Paulo - para a criação da metodologia de geração da grade estatística e para a execução de aplicações práticas. A abordagem selecionada é híbrida, mesclando agregação e desagregação. A primeira utiliza os microdados censitários associados aos seus atributos de localização para a agregação dos dados; a segunda utiliza métodos espaciais e/ou estatísticos juntamente com dados secundários para a realocação espacial dos dados. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a abordagem híbrida é viável e deve ser utilizada quando existe uma grande variação na qualidade dos dados e a área de estudo abrange grandes extensões. Os dados obtidos apresentaram uma boa qualidade e a sua utilização permitiu a execução de análises com um maior nível de desagregação espacial, além de facilitar a integração de dados agregados em unidades geográficas diferentes / Abstract: Two problems associated with the use of aggregate data are well known and reported in the literature. The first concerns the mismatch between those units for which data is available and those for which data is needed; the second is related to the temporal stability of the aggregation units. As a solution to these problems, this study proposes the use of regular cells arranged in a grid-like pattern, called a "statistical grid," to aggregate and disseminate census data. The cells of this grid have small dimensions; they may be considered as "bricks" that come together to fill any desired spatial area and remain unchanged over time. The use of aggregate data in units of small dimensions also provides an increased potential for analysis. Two states ¿ Pará and São Paulo ¿ were selected to create a methodology for generating a statistical grid and to implement practical applications. A hybrid approach was selected, merging aggregation and disaggregation approaches. The first uses the census microdata associated with its location attributes; the second uses spatial and/or statistical methods and ancillary data. The results demonstrated that the hybrid approach is viable and should be used in the event of a large variation in data quality and when the study area encompasses large expanses. The data obtained are of good fit and their use enabled the execution of analysis with a higher level of spatial disaggregation, in addition to facilitating the integration of data available in different geographical units / Doutorado / Demografia / Doutora em Demografia

Introduction: The aim of the present thesis is to determine the line of argument presented by the clergy of the Swedish State Church in the parliamentary debates regarding the forms of census registrations during the years 1723-1812. This discussion resulted in a new form of census registration in 1812, according to which the parish registration was accorded a greater importance than before. As a result of vast tax evasion, demands were put forth by the authorities that the clergy should be compelled to hand over the parish catechetical registries. The clergy was here faced with a conflict of loyalty between the state and their parishes. To structurally examine the line of argument of the clergy may not only clarify how this conflict was met by the clergy, but also serve as an illustration of the relationship between church and state in 18th century Sweden. The effects of the form of census registration of 1812 on the parish catechetical registries are also touched briefly upon.    Method: To fullfill this aim, the parliamentary records of the clergy have been examined and analysed in accordance with the methods of argumentation analysis presented in Vedung (1971). Secondary sources regarding the historical circumstances surrounding the parliamentary debates of 1723-1812 have been utilized as well.           Analysis: In the analysis the individual arguments presented by the clergy have been distinguished according to three levels: description, evaluation and recommended course of action. These levels are furthermore presented schematically, so as to comprehensively illustrate the line of argumentation.   Results: The results of the endeavour show that the representatives of the church and state did not agree as to the legitimate extent of the state’s influence in church matters. The clergy defended the Lutheran idea of separation between church and state power, despite the fact that contemporary canon law asserted an almost unbreakable bond between church and state authority. This is a two years master’s thesis in Archival Science.

Cette thèse analyse le surgissement des Tacana, un groupe indien qui s’est formé il y a quelque vingt ans dans le nord de l’Amazonie bolivienne, au moment même où se mettaient en place un ensemble de réformes étatiques visant à construire un modèle de citoyenneté dans le respect de la diversité ethnique. L’apparition des Tacana est un évènement moderne et contemporain ; ses acteurs sont des descendants des gens qui arrivèrent dans cette région à la fin du XIXème siècle, venant de différents départements du pays, et qui fournirent la main-d’œuvre d’un système d’extraction forestière qui exploita d’abord le caoutchouc, et ensuite d’autres ressources de la forêt amazonienne. L’étude a ainsi pour toile de fond les interactions entre les travailleurs forestiers et les industriels qui contrôlent l’économie régionale. Ce phénomène de conversion ethnique est vu sous trois angles. On analyse la façon ! dont les travailleurs se sont approprié l’ethnonyme « Tacana » et l’ont utilisé pour se faire entendre et pouvoir profiter des réformes étatiques. On montre comment ils ont cherché à affirmer et à justifier leur existence en tant groupe spécifique au travers des recensements organisés par les organismes de l’État et par les instances internationales qui travaillent à la défense des droits indigènes. Enfin, la particularité de ce phénomène apparaît dans les actions collectives qu’ils ont entreprises dans le but de devenir propriétaires d’une aire territoriale indigène collective, ce qui était la raison fondamentale de leur choix de « devenir Indiens ». Par-delà le cas des Tacana, il est démontré que les politiques étatiques qui cherchent à gérer les différences ethniques ne sont pas le résultat de demandes sociales mais que, tout au contraire, ces demandes sont la conséquence de l’application de ce type de politiques. / This thesis studies the rise of the Tacana, an indigenous group formed in Bolivian Amazonia two decades ago, when different State reforms aimed at constructing a citizenship model based on respect for ethnic diversity. The emergence of the Tacana is a contemporary phenomenon involving part of the descendants of those groups who arrived in the region during the late 19th Century coming from different parts of the country. These people formed the labor force for a forest extraction system which initially exploited rubber but later extended its activities to other forest resources. Against this background, the situation has been analyzed in this study interms of the interactions between the forest laborers and the business management that controls the local economy. The thesis explores how, in this ethnic conversion process, forest laborers have used the “Tacana” identity to achieve visibility as well as benefit from the ethnic State reforms. The study shows how these laborers sought to justify their differential existence formally through census registrations made by State institutions which were backed up by international institutions involved in the defense of Indigenous Rights. The particularity of this process is also examined from the point of view of collective action undertaken by the new ethnic group to become the legal owners of a collective indigenous land –the primary factor that explains why they chose to become ethnic subjects. Our investigation shows that State policies that seek to manage ethnic differences are not triggered by social demands; rather, this sort of demand is a direct consequence of policy application.

The general aim of the KOSTRA project, initiated by Statistics Norway, is to set up a data reporting chain from the norwegian municipalities to a central database at Statistics Norway. In this paper, we present an innovative data model for supporting a data analysis process consisting of two sequential data production phases using two conceptional database schemes. A first data schema must provide a sound basis for an efficient analysis reflecting a multidimensional view on data. Another schema must cover all structural information, which is essential for supporting the generation of electronic forms as well as for performing consistency checks of the gathered in-formation. The resulting modeling approach provides a seamless solution for both proposed challenges. Based on the relational model, both schemes are powerful to cover the heterogeneity of the data source, handle complex structural information, and to provide a versioning mechanism for long term analysis.

No description available.

<p> This paper analyzes the 1971-1976 outmigration pattern of the Canadian female elderly from the 23 Census Metropolitan Area's (CMA's). The migration is conceptualized as a three-level choice process and is represented by the logit model. The major findings are as follows: (1) Elderly females are substantially less migratory than young females but are slightly more mobile than elderly males. In addition,, the elderly females in the Western region tend to be more mobile than those in other regions. (2) Elderly females show less preference for the metro politan destinati ons than the young population; however, among the elderly, females have a stronger preference for metropolitan areas than males. (3) In general, the metropolita~d outmiS!'ants' destination choice pattern is less dispersed for the elderly than for the young. Among the older persons, female migrants have a larger dispersion than male migrants in most CMA's. (4) With respect to metropolitanward elderly migrants from the CMA's, the probability of choosing a particular destination is positively related to population size, brightness , and housing growth, and negatively related to the logarithm of di stance, cultural dissimilarity, coldness, and gross rent. (5)Environmental variables are more important than the housing variables in determining the destination choice pattern of the elderly mi grants. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

The 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act contained the largest federal initiative for place-based investment in over half a century. Opportunity Zones (“OZs”) are expected to cost the US government over $15 billion in forgone tax revenue through 2026, exceeding both the Clinton Era Empowerment Zones and the Great Society programs of Lyndon Johnson. Have OZs increased neighborhood investment and, if so, what types of projects and neighborhoods have benefitted? This dissertation presents three baseline evaluations of OZ. The first essay discusses the findings from 76 interviews with community and government officials, program managers, developers, businesses, and fund managers about OZ outcomes in West Baltimore. The second essay uses a difference-in-differences (DID) event study framework, an adjusted interrupted time series analysis, and census tract matching techniques to compare small business and residential lending outcomes in OZs with areas that were eligible but not designated. The final essay combines an online search for OZ supported affordable housing projects, a DID design that examines Low-Income Housing Tax Credit outcomes, and 16 interviews with community development experts to evaluate whether and how OZ is having an impact on affordable housing production. These three analyses show that OZ is a missed opportunity. OZ is stimulating investment conversations and local government capacity, but it is failing at oversight and community engagement and not changing outcomes for distressed community development or affordable housing. OZ is failing because it provides weak incentives for capital gains investors seeking market rate returns, because it does not support investors and developers already active in distressed neighborhoods, and because of several related design flaws that inhibit mission driven development. The essays propose specific policy changes necessary for OZ to encourage investment in highly distressed neighborhoods and to support affordable housing production.