Près d’un Canadien sur cinq est né à l’étranger. Les niveaux d’immigration ne cessant de croître, la façon dont ces nouveaux venus s’intégreront à leur société d’accueil joue grandement sur l’avenir du pays. Dans les études d'intégration, une attention particulière est portée aux jeunes formant la première et la seconde génération puisqu’ils représentent le lien intergénérationnel entre membres de leurs familles, communautés culturelles et natifs canadiens. Ce mémoire porte sur les tendances liées aux comportements matrimoniaux des différentes générations d’hommes et de femmes provenant de diverses régions géographiques, comparativement à ceux de la population canadienne, incluant l’analyse du rôle que pourraient y jouer les communautés culturelles. En utilisant le recensement de 2001, l'analyse fait une distinction entre le Québec et le reste du Canada, et se concentre sur la probabilité de vivre ou non en union selon l’âge puis, pour ceux en union, la probabilité d’être marié ou en union libre. Les résultats démontrent que les comportements matrimoniaux des immigrants issus d’une union mixte (ayant un parent né au Canada) se conforment plus rapidement à ceux de la population locale que ceux ayant deux parents nés à l’étranger. Aussi, nos résultats révèlent que les immigrants issus de diverses régions géographiques présentent des comportements matrimoniaux et des profils selon le statut générationnel distincts alors que certains d’entre eux ne montrent aucun signe de convergence vers les comportements matrimoniaux des natifs canadiens. Finalement, les résultats liés à la taille et à la présence d’une communauté culturelle varient selon les différents modèles. / Nearly one out of five Canadians was born abroad. Immigration levels keep growing and the ways in which these newcomers integrate into Canada will greatly affect the future of the country. In studies of integration, particular attention should be paid to young people of first and second generations, as they represent the intergenerational link between their families, cultural communities and native Canadians. This thesis focuses on the covariates of the matrimonial behaviours of different generations of immigrant men and women from different origin regions, compared to those of the local population, and examine the possible effects of cultural communities. Using 2001 census data, the analysis distinguishes between Quebec and the rest of Canada, and focuses on the probability of living in union by age and, of those in union, the probability that the union be marital versus common-law. Results show that the behaviors of immigrants of mixed unions (with one Canadian-born parent) are much more similar to those of local population, than those with both parents born abroad. Moreover, migrants of different geographic regions of origin display markedly different behaviors and different patterns of social integration across the generations, with some showing no evidence of a convergence to local norms. Finally, the effects of size and presence of a cultural community varies across the different models.

Ce mémoire présente une analyse indirecte détaillée des niveaux de la fécondité de la population canadienne au XIXe siècle. L’exploitation des recensements canadiens de 1852 et 1881 est rendue possible grâce au Programme de recherche en démographie historique (PRDH) constituant ainsi la source de données sur laquelle s'appuie ce mémoire. Une analyse critique du recensement canadien de 1852 établit qu’il est représentatif pour ce qui est de l’âge des individus, du sexe, de l’état matrimonial, du lieu de naissance et du type de maison habitée, malgré la destruction de près d’un tiers de ses manuscrits avant d’avoir été transposés sur microfilm. De plus, l’impact de l’absence totale ou partielle des données pour les villes est mitigé, car moins de 10 % de la population était établi en ville cette année-là. L’utilisation de micro-données censitaires permet d’élaborer différentes mesures de la fécondité, telles que le rapport enfants par femme et la méthode des enfants propres. Des résultats inédits sont d'ailleurs présentés, notamment à l’aide du recensement de 1852, car ces données n’ont pas encore été exploitées, permettant ainsi d’allonger dans le temps l’analyse de la fécondité.Une analyse différentielle du risque qu’ont les femmes mariées âgées entre 40 et 49 ans vivant avec un enfant de moins de 5 ans a démontré que la fécondité effective était plus élevée chez les femmes catholiques nées au Canada, appartenant au groupe d’âge plus jeune (40-44 ans), vivant en zone rurale et ayant un mari cultivateur. Nous concluons que ces associations sont évidentes autant en 1852 qu’en 1881. / This mémoire presents a detailed, indirect analysis of fertility levels of the Canadian population in the nineteenth century. The use of Canadian censuses of 1852 and 1881 is made possible through the Programme de recherche en démographiehistorique (PRDH) and is the source of data on which this mémoire is based. A critical analysis of the 1852 Census of Canada, one-third of which was destroyed prior to microfilming, establishes that it is representative with respect to the gender, the age, the marital status, the place of birth and the sort of house; the total or partial absence of data on cities is mitigated by the fact that less than 10% of the population in 1852 was city-dwellers. The use of census microdata allows the opportunity to elaborate different measures of fertility, including child-woman ratios and own-child measures of effective fertility. The use of the 1852 census allows us to extend this analysis backward to the mid-nineteenth century. A differential analysis of the risk that married women aged 40 to 49 lived with children aged 0 to 4 years demonstrates that effective fertility was highest among Canadian-born Catholics, aged between 40 and 44, living in a rural area and married to a farmer. We conclude that these associations were evident both in 1852 and in 1881.

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-08-03T18:52:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissACM.pdf: 2893822 bytes, checksum: e30051564f914337bae16acd5014d337 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-08T14:16:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissACM.pdf: 2893822 bytes, checksum: e30051564f914337bae16acd5014d337 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-08T14:16:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissACM.pdf: 2893822 bytes, checksum: e30051564f914337bae16acd5014d337 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T14:20:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissACM.pdf: 2893822 bytes, checksum: e30051564f914337bae16acd5014d337 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This research aims to analyze, in three cities of the countryside region of Sao Paulo State, the school trajectory of students with disabilities. In order to do that, we did an official data survey of the cities released by Seade, Human Development Atlas with demographic census data of 2010 and the Municipal Education Plans. Thereafter, we analyzed the micro-data of School Census of Basic Education— made available by INEP (National Institute of Studies and Educational Researches Anísio Teixeira), of the Ministry of Education— regarding the registration of students with disabilities in the years from 2007 to 2015. Thus, we would be able to map the school trajectory of these students. In this study, to choose the cities, we used the following criteria: one city with a high Human Development Index (HDI); one city with an average Human Development Index and one with a very low HDI. 1,782 school trajectories of students with disabilities were analyzed individually and the results show that there are no disparities between the indexes of complete, partial and incomplete trajectories with school retention and age x grade distortion between the cities. This may indicate the adoption of programs, services and/or similar actions for the schooling of this population. We hope that this study can contribute to the discussion in the academic community about the educational reality faced by students with disabilities and, also, contribute to program and policies formulation that aim to establish the permanency and the school success of these students / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar em três municípios do interior paulista a trajetória escolar dos alunos com deficiência. Para isso, foram realizados levantamentos de dados oficiais dos municípios divulgados pelo Seade, Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano com dados do Censo Demográfico de 2010 e nos Planos Municipais de Educação. Em seguida, analisaram-se os Microdados do Censo Escolar da Educação Básica, disponibilizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacional Anísio Teixeira - INEP, do Ministério da Educação, referentes às matriculas de alunos com deficiência nos anos de 2007 a 2015, mapeando assim, a trajetória escolar desses alunos. Neste estudo, para a escolha dos municípios, utilizou-se o critério: um município com muito alto Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano - IDH; um município com IDH mediano e um município com muito baixo IDH. Foram analisadas 1.782 trajetórias escolares de alunos com deficiência individualmente e os resultados mostram que não há disparidade entre os índices de trajetórias completas, parciais e incompletas com retenção escolar e distorção idade x série entre os municípios, o que pode indicar adoção de programas, serviços e/ou ações similares para a escolarização dessa população. Espera-se que esse estudo possa contribuir para discussões no meio acadêmico sobre a realidade educacional enfrentada pelos alunos com deficiência e contribuir para a formulação de programas e políticas que visem à efetivação da permanência e sucesso escolar deste alunado.

The aim of the thesis is to examine contemporary constructions of mixed race in the United States and Britain through the examination of two types of racial projects: the national census and voluntary and community organisations focused on mixed race. Using a combination of critical discourse analysis and qualitative interviews, the research analyses the ways in which mixed race is being described, conceptualised, and constructed through macro- and meso-level racial projects in each nation, in order to compare the racial formation processes that are occurring in the early twenty-first century's "mixed race moment". The thesis builds upon racial formation theory, which argues that the concept of "race" is never fully fixed, but rather is made through socio-historical processes that create, inhabit, transform, and destroy racialised notions over time and context (Omi and Winant 1986, 1994, 2015). The theory examines the struggles over racialised meanings that occur between macro-level and micro-level racial projects. This thesis aims to fill the gap left by this focus through examining racial projects that occupy the socio-political "middle ground" between macro- and micro-level projects: the "meso-level."The research examines the ways in which the state constructs mixed race in the United States and Britain. Each nation's census allowed for mixed race self identification in 2000 and 2001, respectively. The thesis examines the social, historical, and political processes that led to mixed race options at that particular time. It argues that the ways in which the census organisations report upon mixed race functions as a discursive practice that provides an official construction of mixed race through simultaneously reflecting and shaping racialised descriptions and narratives within each nation. The thesis examines the usefulness of "meso-level" projects by exploring the role of mixed race organisations in racial formation processes through the examination of six meso-level mechanisms of racialisation: social identity, social capital, collective action, idioculture, extended networks, and civil society (Fine 2012). Incorporating Michel Foucault's notion of "governmentality" (Gordon 1991), the thesis highlights the ways that mixed race organisations have interacted directly and indirectly with macro-level bodies during and after the addition of the mixed race census options as well as other routes of interaction specific to each national context. The thesis argues that the racialisation that occurs at the macro-level holds a "default" role with which mixed race organisations then engage. This highlights the relative roles of power the institutions have in each national context and the ways they are managed through relations fostered through governmentality. The thesis also examines the discourses used by mixed race organisations in the US and Britain as meso-level racial projects and poses the argument that the varied usage of multiple racialised paradigms leads to an increased relative fluidity in the constructions of mixed race than their respective macro-level projects. The systematic cross-national comparison of the ways mixed race is constructed in the US and Britain highlights the ways in which both macro-level and meso-level organisations articulate and promote racialised ideology through their relative levels of power in society. By analysing and comparing these racial projects and their interactions, the paradigms and discourses used reveal the particularities and overlaps by these organisations as they contest, negotiate, and accept formations of mixed race.

The Diploma thesis called "The system of services for homeless people in Prague" is focused on answering the main research question: "What is the demographic structure of homeless people in Prague using social services?". The first chapter is devoted to the theory of homelessness, its development, changes and society's responses in according to this socially pathological phenomenon. The second part of the Diploma thesis focuses directly on the situation of homeless people. Firstly, the definition of social services is described, I also focus on social prevention services that help solve the problem. I also describe problematic areas of homelessness and their solutions in the context of social services aimed at minimizing the negative effects of homelessness, preventing its development, as well as preventive action. The third part is focused on explaining the notion of demography, its exploration and interpretation of basic terms, the definition of which is necessary for the understanding of the research part of the Diploma thesis. I present here the results of the first official Census 2011 of homeless people in the Czech Republic. In the last chapter of my thesis, my own research survey is conducted, in which I try to answer the main and partial research questions. A quantitative survey is used,...

Esta tese tem como objetivo entender o significado de se autodeclarar sem religião no Brasil. Longe da aparente uniformidade apresentada pelos recenseamentos, os sem religião se confirmam como uma categoria residual heterogênea, composta por tipos distintos que refletem algumas das principais tendências da atualidade. É um grupo multifacetado onde estão, de um lado, ateus e agnósticos, aparentemente secularizados; de outro, indivíduos que misturam vários modelos de religiosidade. Essa categoria expressa o afastamento das instituições religiosas do domínio privado, onde as individualidades se manifestam das mais variadas formas, em pleno exercício de suas autonomias. Nesse estado, aproximar-se ou afastar-se do transcendente torna-se uma questão de foro íntimo, cuja decisão cabe a cada individuo na sua intimidade. A modernidade que acompanha o processo de secularização, parece ter aberto espaço nas sociedades ocidentais contemporâneas, entre outros aspectos, para a instalação de uma crise do pertencimento, através da reavaliação dos laços tradicionais. / The purpose of this thesis is to understand what does it mean when someone is declared as without religion in Brazil. Far from the superficial standardization presented by the national census, the category of without religion confirms itself as an heterogeneous residual group, composed by distinct types of people which reflect some of the main tendencies of the present times. This is a multiform group that can be subdivided into two. While the first one consists of atheists and agnostics apparently secularized; the second is made up from individuals that mix up many models of religiousness. It points out the distance of the religious institutions from the private sphere, where the individualities express themselves in different ways, exercising their autonomies. In such atmosphere, getting closer or moving away from the transcendent becomes a matter of private choice, a decision of each individual in its intimacy. Thus, the modernity that comes together with the secularization in the contemporary occidental societies seems to have open the door to the installation of a crisis of affiliation stimulated by the revaluation of the tradition laces.

Méconnues et vouées à disparaître par les politiques de modernisation agricoles françaises et européennes, les petites exploitations agricoles (identifiées par les services statistiques comme les exploitations ayant une production brute standard de moins de 25000 €) sont toujours présentes dans le paysage agricole français. En 2010, le recensement agricole en comptabilise près de 178 000 soit plus de 36% des exploitations agricoles de la métropole française. Le premier chapitre de la thèse dresse un tableau statistique des petites exploitations agricoles et les compare aux moyennes et grandes exploitations. Il montre que les petites exploitations sont dirigées par des exploitants en général peu formés et âgés, qui passent en moyenne, un mi-temps sur l’exploitation et ont peu de main d’oeuvre supplémentaire. Dans le second chapitre on réalise une typologie d’après une méthode de classification mixte. Celle-ci permet de regrouper les petites exploitations agricoles en cinq grands groupes et d’en déduire des stratégies potentielles développées par ces exploitations. Elles sont confirmées en partie, par l’étude des trajectoires de petites exploitations à partir de l’appariement partiel des recensements agricoles de 2000 et 2010. On montre que se côtoient au sein des petites exploitations agricoles des exploitants proches de la cessation d’activités, des exploitants en phase d’installation ainsi que des exploitants pour qui être petit n’est pas transitoire. L’analyse statistique est complétée dans le troisième chapitre par des enquêtes de terrain. La première est réalisée en zone défavorisée dans les Baronnies des Pyrénées, la seconde dans le périurbain de Montpellier. On s’appuie sur les résultats de ces enquêtes, croisés aux données statistiques du recensement agricole de 2010 pour évaluer les contributions environnementales, sociales et économiques des petites exploitations agricoles. Le quatrième chapitre est centré sur la Politique Agricole Commune. Avec l’élargissement de l’UE, les petites exploitations agricoles ont trouvé une place dans le discours politique. On revient sur l’adaptation des aides de la PAC 2014-2020 aux petites exploitations agricoles. Nous étudions l’intérêt d’un dispositif de simplification passant par une aide forfaitaire inconditionnelle, des politiques d’incitation à la création d’emploi dans les petites exploitations agricoles, et des mesures pour faciliter les installations tardives et l’accès au foncier. / Small farms (identified by statistical services as farms with a standard output of less than 25000€) are relatively unknown and condemned to disappear by French and European agricultural modernization policies. In the 2010 agricultural census, 178 000 farms are counted as small farms, representing more than 36% of metropolitan French farms. In the first chapter, we present a statistical description of small farms in comparison with medium and large farms. Small farms are mostly run by elderly farmers with low levels of education/training who work half-time on the farm and have little additional workforce. In the second chapter, we implement a typology of small farms using a mixed classification method. We obtain five different groups and deduce potential strategies developed by small farms. These strategies are partially confirmed by the study of different small farms trajectories between 2000 and 2010. We find farmers close to cessation of farming, as well as farmers in the setting-up stage and farmers who are not in a transition phase. This statistical analysis is completed in the third chapter by field surveys. The first survey is administered in less favored areas of the Baronnies of the Pyrénées, and the second one in the peri-urban area of Montpellier. These surveys are complemented by statistical data from the 2010 agricultural census to assess the environmental, social and economic contributions of small farms. The fourth chapter focuses on the Common Agricultural Policy. With the enlargement of the EU, small farms found a place in political discourse. We suggest ways of adapting the 2014-2020 CAP support schemes to small farms. We study the Small Farms Scheme and its advantages as a simplified scheme involving an unconditional flat-rate. We then review measures to favour employment in small farms and measures to facilitate setting-up and access to agricultural land.

Orientador: Aparecido Nilceu Marana / Banca: Roberto Marcondes Cesar Junior / Banca: Ivan Rizzo Guilherme / Resumo: O reconhecimento facial é uma das principais formas de identificação humana. Apesar das pesquisas em reconhecimento facial automático terem crescido substancialmente ao longo dos últimos 35 anos, identificar pessoas a partir da face continua sendo um desafio para as áreas de Visão Computacional e Reconhecimento de Padrões. Em função dos cenários variarem desde a identificação a partir de fotografias até o reconhecimento baseado em vídeos sem nenhum tipo de controle ao serem gravados, os maiores desafios estão relacionados à independência contra diferentes tipos de iluminação, pose e expressão. O objetivo desta dissertação é propor técnicas que possam contribuir para a melhoria dos sistemas de reconhecimento facial. A primeira técnica endereça o problema da iluminação através da fusão dos espectros visível e infravermelho da face. Através desta abordagem, as taxas de reconhecimento foram melhoradas em 2.07% enquanto a taxa de erro igual (EER) foi reduzida em 45.47%. A segunda técnica trata do caso da extração e classificação de características faciais. Ela propõe um novo modelo para reconhecimento facial através do uso de características extraídas por Histogramas Census e de uma técnica de reconhecimento de padrões baseada em Máquinas de Vetores de Suporte (SVMs). Este outro grupo de experimentos nos possibilitou aumentar a precisão do reconhecimento no teste FERET fa/fb em 0.5%. Além destes resultados, algumas contribuições adicionais deste trabalho que merecem ser destacadas são a análise da dependência estatística entre classificadores de espectros diferentes e considerações sobre o comportamento de uma única C-SVC SVM para identificação de pessoas de forma eficaz. / Abstract: Face recognition is one of the primary ways of human identification. Although researches on automated face recognition have broadly increased along the last 35 years, it remains a challenging task in the fields of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. As the scenarios varies from static and constrained photographs to uncontrolled video images, the challenging issues on automatic face recognition are usually related with variations in illumination, pose and expressions. The goal of this master thesis is to propose techniques for the improvement of face recognition systems. The first technique addresses the problem of illumination by fusing the visible and the infrared spectra of the face. With this approach the recognition rates were improved in 2.07% while the Equal Error Rate (EER) were reduced in 45.47%. The second technique addresses the issue of face features extraction and classification. It proposes a new framework for face recognition by using features extracted by Census Histograms and a pattern recognition technique based on Support Vector Machines (SVMs). This other group of experiments enabled us to increase the recognition accuracy in the FERET fa/fb test in 0.5%. Beyond these results, additional contributions of this work that deserve to be highlighted are the statistical dependency analysis between face recognition systems based on different spectra and a better comprehension about the behavior of a single C-SVC SVM to reliably predict faces identities. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:46:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4652.pdf: 806121 bytes, checksum: e1dc28d026d64c6c31559e7719cace47 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-11 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This paper aims to know and analyze the public policies in the Special Education field in the State of São Paulo in 15 years of PSDB government (1995 2010), as well to discuss the impact of these policies in the amount of enrollment of students with disabilities in the different levels and types of the basic education. The resources for this research were: the state law from 1995 to 2010 in the field of special education, the statistic data of School Census presented in Statistics Synopsis (1998-2006) and in the Microdata (2007-2010) available in INEP website. During the period studied, it was observed that the State of São Paulo presented high indices of Human Development Index (HDI) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), compared to other Brazilian States. Despite these high indices, São Paulo is a State whose level of social inequality is high. Thus, the economic inequality unfolds on many other inequalities, such as the inequality which is related to the access to employment and working conditions, housing, and access to transportation, leisure and essential public services like safety, health and education. In the period of study, it was found 45 documents, including laws, ordinance, resolutions and decisions. For the analysis and discussion of the documents, three main areas were used, which are considered important to the discussion on special education in the State, such as: pedagogical support to the students with disabilities, the teacher of special education and nonprofit institutions new institutions and agreements with the State. Concerning the impact of these policies in the enrollment of the students with disabilities, it is noted that until 2006 the number of enrollment of these students were concentrated in the segregated spaces (exclusively special school and special classrooms in regular schools). From 2007, there has been a significant increase in the number of the enrollments in common classrooms in the regular school. However, we can observe that most of these enrollments were concentrated in the elementary school. Another important fact is the number of enrollments of Youth and Adult Education, which has risen significantly during this period. We may also note that the enrollments in high school vary from a year to another and that the number of enrollments of students with disabilities in the regular school, in its majority, is from people with mental disabilities, representing almost 50% of the enrollments. / Este trabalho tem por objetivo conhecer e analisar as políticas públicas na área da Educação Especial no Estado de São Paulo no período de 1989 a 2010, bem como discutir o impacto dessas políticas no número de matrículas de alunos com deficiência nos diferentes níveis e modalidades da educação básica. As fontes para esta pesquisa foram: a legislação estadual do período de 1989-2010 na área da educação especial, os dados estatísticos do Censo Escolar apresentados nas Sinopses Estatísticas (1998-2006) e nos Microdados (2007-2010), disponíveis no sítio do INEP. Durante o período estudado pode-se observar que o Estado de São Paulo apresentou altos índices do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) e Produto Interno Bruto (PIB), comparado a outros estados brasileiros. Apesar desses altos índices, São Paulo é um Estado com um grande nível de desigualdade social. Assim a desigualdade econômica se desdobra em outras tantas desigualdades, tais como a que diz respeito ao acesso ao emprego e às condições de trabalho, de moradia, no acesso ao transporte, ao lazer e aos serviços públicos essenciais, como segurança, saúde e educação. Do período estudado foram encontrados 45 documentos, distribuídos em leis, decretos, resoluções e deliberações. Para a análise e discussão dos dados utilizou-se 3 eixos principais, que foram considerados importantes para a discussão da educação especial no Estado, sendo eles: apoio pedagógico aos alunos com deficiência, o professor de educação especial e instituições sem fins lucrativos novas instituições e convênio com o Estado. Sobre o impacto dessas políticas nas matrículas dos alunos com deficiência, nota-se que até 2006 o número de matrículas desses alunos se concentrava nos espaços segregados (escola exclusivamente especial e classes especiais do ensino regular). A partir de 2007 houve um aumento significativo do número das matrículas em classes comuns do ensino regular. Entretanto, podemos observar que essas matrículas, em sua maioria, têm se concentrado no ensino fundamental. Outro dado importante é o número de matrículas da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), que tem crescido significativamente durante este período. Podemos observar também que as matrículas no ensino médio oscilam de um ano para o outro e que o número de matrículas de alunos com deficiência no ensino regular, em sua maioria, é de pessoas com deficiência mental, representando quase 50% das matrículas.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The research intended to analyze the role played by the State in the development of public policies directed toward the educational inclusion. The State as spectator gave place to a State with the duty-right to take the Education to the citizen and, if it is the case, to search them in their homes. The article 208, § 3º, of the Federal Constitution decrees that "the Public Power is in charge of surveying the students for the basic education... . Considering this picture, the State and City Secretariats of Education, the State Public Prosecution Service and tens of other entities, decided to implement the Educational Census, through which all the residences of the State of Sergipe are being visited, in the search for children and adolescents excluded from the school education. This work is not carried through by sampling, but by covering 100% of the residences: 16 visited neighborhoods; 73,547 residential and not residential units were visited or 65% of the city of Aracaju; 7,554 children and adolescents were found out of school; 137 children and adolescents in need of special care and 44 without birth certificate (dec.2004). As causes for the educational exclusion, it has been pointed the lack of vacancies in the schools; the pregnancy in the adolescence; the lack of school transportation service; the unemployment of the parents; the infantile work and the incredulity in the education. All those causes are related to diverse social factors and the social-economic level is found in all the analyses. / A pesquisa objetivou analisar o papel desempenhado pelo Estado, no desenvolvimento de políticas públicas voltadas para a inclusão educacional. O Estado espectador deu lugar a um Estado com o dever-direito de levar a Educação até o cidadão e, se for o caso, de buscá-lo em sua casa. O artigo 208, § 3º, da Constituição Federal, estatui que compete ao Poder Público recensear os educandos no ensino fundamental... . Diante desse quadro, as Secretarias de Educação do Estado e do Município, o Ministério Público Estadual e dezenas de outras entidades, resolveram implantar o Censo Educacional, através do qual todas as residências do Estado de Sergipe estão sendo visitadas, na busca por crianças e adolescentes excluídos da escola, sendo que o trabalho não é realizado por amostragem, mas com 100% de cobertura: 16 bairros visitados; 73.547 unidades, residenciais e não residenciais, visitadas ou 65% do município de Aracaju; 7.554 crianças e adolescentes localizados fora da escola; 137 crianças e adolescentes com necessidade especiais e 44 sem registro de nascimento (dez.2004). Foram apontadas, como causas para a exclusão educacional, a falta de vagas nas escolas; a gravidez na adolescência; a falta de transporte escolar; o desemprego dos pais; o trabalho infantil e a descrença na educação. Todas essas causas estão relacionadas a fatores sociais diversos e o nível sócio econômico permeia todas as análises.