Le nombre d'unions où les deux conjoints n'ont pas la même langue maternelle est en augmentation depuis les dernières décennies au Québec. Sachant que les enfants issus de ces unions gravitent dans un univers familial plurilingue, l'objectif de ce mémoire est de connaître les langues qui leur sont transmises. En utilisant les données du questionnaire long du recensement canadien de 2006, nous avons procédé à différentes analyses descriptives nous permettant de cerner les langues maternelles véhiculées aux enfants issus d'une union mixte, de vérifier si ces enfants héritent davantage de la langue maternelle de leur mère ou de leur père et s'ils opèrent des substitutions linguistiques avant l'âge de 18 ans, c'est-à-dire si leur langue maternelle diffère de leur langue d'usage. De plus, par le biais de régressions logistiques, nous avons étudié les déterminants contextuel, ethno-culturel et socio-économique les plus susceptibles d'expliquer le choix de la langue transmise aux enfants. Les résultats obtenus démontrent la place prédominante des langues officielles canadiennes, au détriment des langues non officielles, chez les familles exogames. De plus, le choix de la langue maternelle transmise s'avère principalement conditionné par le lieu de résidence, le parcours migratoire des parents et le pays de naissance des enfants. / The number of unions where both partners do not share the same mother tongue has grown substantially over the last decades in Quebec. Given that children born to these unions live in a multilingual family setting, the purpose of this research is to study the mother tongue transmitted to these children. Using the 2006 Canadian census long-form questionnaire, we first conducted various descriptive analyses. These were intended to identify the mother tongue transmitted to children born to mixed-language unions, to ascertain whether children inherit either their mother or father's mother tongue, and to determine if a language shift occurs before the age of 18 years old, in other words whether their mother tongue differs from the principal language they use at home. In addition, through logistic regressions, we examined the contextual, ethnocultural and socioeconomic determinants explaining the choice of the language transmitted to children. The results show the predominance of the two official Canadian languages in mixed-language families, at the expense of non-official languages. Furthermore, the choice of the mother tongue transmitted is mainly conditioned by the place of residence, the parent's migration path and the children's birthplace.

Cette recherche se penche sur l’impact des facteurs de contexte et des facteurs individuels sur les conditions socioéconomiques des résidants des collectivités des Premières Nations du Québec et des résidants des communautés situées à proximité. Des régressions logistiques sur les données censitaires de 2001 ont été réalisées afin de répondre aux questions d’étude. Quatre dimensions, inspirées de l’indice de bien-être (IBC), ont été étudiées : l’activité, le logement, le revenu et la scolarité. Les résultats de recherche montrent que les deux types de facteurs contribuent à l’explication des inégalités sociales. Plus spécifiquement, les inégalités scolaires apparaissent principalement déterminées par les facteurs de contexte bien que les facteurs individuels, tel que l’âge et le genre, soient aussi déterminants. Ces dernières surviennent en amont des inégalités d’emploi et de revenu et expliquent celles-ci. De plus, les inégalités relatives au logement sont expliquées par l’emplacement spatial et le type de communauté de résidence. Par ailleurs, l’ethnicité des répondants ne joue pas un rôle de premier plan dans l’explication des disparités observées, une fois les autres caractéristiques contrôlées, ce qui ne signifie pas qu’il n’existe pas d’inégalités entre Amérindien et non-Amérindien. En fait, des chances différenciées persistent lorsque les autres caractéristiques sont contrôlées. Ainsi, les résultats mettent en évidence l’utilité de déplacer le point focal de la recherche quantitative sur les conditions autochtones du principal fait d’être Amérindien ou non vers un éventail plus large de déterminants. / This research assesses the specific contribution of individual and contextual factors in explaining the socioeconomics discrepancies between members of First Nations communities and those of communities located nearby. Using logistic regression on 2001 census data, four dimensions of socioeconomic conditions, largely inspired by the Community Well-Being Index (CWB), are assessed: employment, housing, income and education. The results of the study show that social inequalities appear correlated to both types of factors. Educational inequalities are primarily due to contextual factors even if individual factors, such as age and gender, also play a role in determining the odds of living social inequalities. Educational inequalities precede employment and income inequalities and, to some extent, explain them. Moreover, housing inequalities are mainly explained by spatial location and residence in a First Nations community Furthermore, the ethnicity of respondents does not play a major role in explaining the discrepancies, once other characteristics are taken into account. This does not mean that social inequalities do not exist between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Canadians. Actually, significant differences between these two social categories are observed even when other characteristics are controlled for. Thus, the results of this study point out to the fact that the focus of quantitative research on Aboriginal people’s conditions should be put on additional predictors of inequalities besides “aboriginality”. Also, the review of literature shows a lack of research on social inequalities within First Nations communities in Canada.

Thèse diffusée initialement dans le cadre d'un projet pilote des Presses de l'Université de Montréal/Centre d'édition numérique UdeM (1997-2008) avec l'autorisation de l'auteur.

Ce mémoire porte sur la relation entre les inégalités socioéconomiques et la migration des Indiens inscrits du Québec en 2006. Nous évaluons la contribution des inégalités sociales et scolaires, des inégalités économiques, des inégalités régionales et des inégalités juridiques et politiques à la migration des Indiens inscrits et la contribution de la migration à l’atteinte d’un revenu supérieur. Les résultats obtenus auprès des Autochtones sont comparés à ceux des non-Autochtones de façon à pouvoir distinguer ce qui et spécifique aux Autochtones. Des régressions logistiques ont été effectuées afin d’observer la contribution des caractéristiques individuelles et collectives sur la migration non-récente - entre 2001 et 2005, sur l’atteinte d’un revenu supérieur au 75e centile en 2005 et sur la migration récente - entre 2005 et 2006. Les résultats de la présente recherche montrent que le sexe, l’âge et les variables de migration expliquent très peu le fait de bénéficier d’un revenu supérieur. Obtenir minimalement un diplôme d’études secondaire et d’avoir un travail à temps plein augmente considérablement les chances. Chez les Indiens inscrits, la nation d’appartenance et la zone de résidence expliquent beaucoup plus la variance expliquée. Qui plus est, la contribution de l’âge et du sexe explique très peu le fait d’avoir migré - récemment ou non récemment. Par conséquent, la scolarité, l’occupation expliquent beaucoup le fait que les Indiens inscrits et que les non-Autochtones migrent. Les nations d’appartenance ainsi que les zones de résidence expliquent beaucoup le fait que les Indiens inscrits migrent. / This research shows the relationship between socioeconomics inequalities and migration of the Registered Indians in Quebec in 2006. We evaluate the contribution of social and educational inequalities, economic inequalities, regional inequalities and legal and political inequalities as the contribution of migration to achieve a higher income. The results obtains for the Registered Indians are compared to non-Aboriginals to see the specific situation of the Registered Indians. Logistic regressions are performed to evaluate the contribution of the individual and collective characteristics on non-recent and recent migration and on a 75e percentile income. The results show that sex, age and migration play a very little part in obtaining a higher income. Having minimally a high school diploma or having a full-time job greatly increase the chances. For Registered Indians, nation of belonging and residence area explain more of the variance in income. Furthermore, sex and age explain a very little part of migration recently or less recent. Migration, years of schooling and occupation explain a greater part of the migration of the Registered Indians and non-Aboriginals. Nation of belonging and residence area explains also more of the explained variance of migration.

Le recensement provincial est une institution centrale de l’Empire romain. Né avec le Principat, il était destiné à estimer les ressources humaines et matérielles des territoires sous domination romaine, et s’est imposé comme la clé de voûte de la fiscalité provinciale. Néanmoins, il demeure mal connu. Cette situation vient de la faiblesse numérique des sources et de leur nature. En dehors de l'Égypte, les cens provinciaux sont essentiellement connus grâce à des inscriptions dédiées aux sénateurs et chevaliers ayant participé à ces opérations. Pour étudier le recensement à l'échelle de l'empire, il nous donc a paru nécessaire de diversifier les points de vue et de ne pas nous limiter à l'approche la plus fréquemment adoptée dans les études consacrées au census, l'analyse prosopographique. Bien que cette dernière s'impose comme la plus naturelle étant donné la nature de la documentation qui nous est parvenue, elle limite le champ d'étude aux seules provinces dans lesquelles sont attestés des censiteurs impériaux et peine à rendre compte de la logique d'ensemble de l'institution comme des modalités selon lesquelles l'information était collectée. Notre objectif était d'écrire une histoire fiscale et politique du recensement, mais aussi une histoire de ses procédures et non pas seulement de ses agents. Nous avons donc choisi d’élargir l’angle d’approche et d'inclure dans notre corpus toutes les sources littéraires, papyrologiques et juridiques susceptibles de nous éclairer sur cette institution. La première partie est consacrée aux aspects fiscaux et tente de comprendre le fonctionnement de l’impôt provincial. Dans quelles mesures le recensement se prêtait-il à la collecte des informations nécessaires à la levée des tributa ? La deuxième s'intéresse au déroulement des opérations dans les diverses provinces. Notre objectif est d'identifier les différents niveaux de collecte de l'information tout en rendant compte des différences régionales dont témoignent les sources. Au coeur de cette partie se trouve une réflexion sur la complémentarité entre le niveau local et le niveau provincial et sur les documents qui étaient produits aux divers échelons. Enfin, nous abordons dans un troisième temps les aspects institutionnels et politiques afin de comprendre dans quelles mesures cette institution était caractéristique du nouveau régime qui vit le jour avec Auguste. Cette partie est également consacrée à l'étude des relations entre les agents en charge des opérations et les provinciaux qui y étaient soumis. / The provincial census is a key institution of the Roman Empire. Instituted by the first Princeps, Augustus, it was aimed at estimating the human and material resources of the territories which were under Roman control, and thus proved to be a cornerstone of the Roman fiscal system. Nevertheless, it remains mostly unknown to this date, which can be explained by the lack of sources and by their nature: apart from Egypt, provincial censuses are mostly attested through inscriptions dedicated to senators and knights who took part in these operations. In this dissertation, we chose to tackle the subject from novel perspectives and not to limit ourselves to the prosopographic approach that remains so far the most frequently adopted one. Despite its relevance given the nature of the sources, it restricts the study to the provinces in which census officials are known, and fails to give a comprehensive idea of the institution and of the methods through which information was collected. Our goal was not only to write a fiscal and political history of the census, but also to describe its process and identify its agents. To this end were included into our corpus all the literary, papyrological and juridical sources that might improve our understanding of this institution. Firstly, we focused on the two main provincial taxes, i.e. tributum soli and tributum capitis, in order to describe the fiscal system at work in the provinces and to identify the criteria on which these tributa were imposed. Secondly, we studied the way information was collected during the census. Our goal was to unravel the levels (local, provincial) through which data transited, their interactions, and the documents each one of them produced. At the same time, we wanted to emphasize the differences that existed between provinces, and to explain them. Finally, we addressed the institutional and political aspects of the provincial census: to what extent was this institution representative of the new regime that appeared with Augustus, and an opportunity for the provincials to initiate a dialog with the Princeps through his representatives?

5 Abstract This thesis is aimed at spatial variability of population structure of our four most common and the most numerous species of ducks wintering in the Czech Republic. These analysed species are Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Tufted duck (Aythya fuligula), Common Merganser (Mergus merganser) and Northern Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula). The field data were collected by January International Waterbird Census in the Czech Republic between 2004 and 2013. Analysed habitat variables include: type of wetland, altitude, population size, level of urbanisation (size of settlement) and mean January air temperature in the investigated site. There was found no significant effect of type of wetland and local population density on population structure in any of these bird species. The next factor, altitude of sites was confirmed as significant only for Mallards, when increasing altitude decreased proportion of males in the population. Furthermore, effect of urbanization was found also in Mallard, when proportions of males increased with level of urbanization, i.e. in larger cities. Finally, , temperature of sites was confirmed to be significant factor affecting population size in the three analyzed species, i.e. in Mallard, Tufted Duck and Northern Goldeneye. Except Common Merganser, ratio of males grew with...

O analfabetismo da população nas primeiras décadas do século XX foi tomado como grave problema político-social. Para combatê-lo com exíguos recursos, a Reforma da Instrução Pública de São Paulo de 1920, estruturada por Antonio de Sampaio Doria, propôs a redução da duração do ensino primário de quatro para dois anos, de modo a ampliar o número de vagas. Essa medida viria a ser lembrada pela história da educação brasileira como a marca da reforma, juntamente com a ideia de que ela teria sido amplamente refutada. Para averiguar a movimentação que a Reforma de 1920 gerou em sua época, tivemos por objetivo principal acompanhar sua repercussão em jornais paulistas entre maio de 1920 e maio de 1921, analisando o jogo de forças de apoio e oposição. Tomamos a imprensa como força ativa da conjuntura, criando sentidos e promovendo a interpolação entre Estado e sociedade civil, dando a ver as disputas cotidianas que a reforma enfrentou e produziu. A partir da teoria do agendamento, observamos a construção da pauta em torno da reforma ao longo de várias semanas. Nossas fontes principais são edições dos diários Correio Paulistano, O Estado de S. Paulo e Jornal do Commercio, edição de S. Paulo, eventualmente complementadas por A Platéa, A Gazeta, Diario Popular e O Combate. A tese acompanha a pauta da imprensa, com enfoque em três temas: o recenseamento escolar, a constitucionalidade do Projeto de Lei n.º 47 de 1920 e as conferências proferidas por Sampaio Doria. A reforma recebeu dos órgãos da imprensa tratamento variado, ora polêmico, ora sensacionalista, ora eminentemente jurídico. Também as vozes impressas nos jornais mereceram cuidados distintos, como as opiniões de jurisconsultos e as emanadas de educadores. Embora a Reforma de 1920 tenha sido alvo de polêmicas, a análise deste corpus permite aferir que, no que tange à imprensa, a oposição não foi unânime, tampouco proveniente do campo educacional. / The illiteracy of the population in the first decades of the twentieth century was taken as a serious socio-political problem. In order to combat it with scarce resources, the 1920 Reform of the Public Instruction of Sao Paulo, structured by Antonio de Sampaio Doria, proposed to reduce the duration of the primary education from four to two years, hence increasing the school places. This measure came to be known in the history of Brazilian education as the hallmark of the reform, along with the idea that it would have been the target of strong opposition. To investigate the movement that the 1920 Reform generated, we had as main objective to accompany its repercussion in the Sao Paulo newspapers from May 1920 to May 1921, analyzing both support and opposition forces. We take the press as an active force of the conjuncture that creates meanings and promotes the interpolation between State and civil society, evidencing the daily disputes that the reform faced and produced. Based on the agendasetting theory, we observed the setting of an agenda around the reform over several weeks. Our main sources are the newspapers Correio Paulistano, O Estado de S. Paulo and the Sao Paulo edition of Jornal do Commercio, eventually complemented by A Platéa, A Gazeta, Diario Popular and O Combate. The thesis follows the press publications, focusing on three themes: the school census, the constitutionality of Bill No. 47 of 1920 and the lectures given by Sampaio Doria. The reform received from the press varied treatment, now controversial, now sensationalist, now eminently legal. Also the voices imprinted in the newspapers received different care, as the opinions of jurisconsults and those of educators. Even though the 1920 Reform was subject of controversy, the analysis of the corpus allows us to assess that, as far as the press is concerned, the opposition was not unanimous, neither came from the educational field.

O analfabetismo da população nas primeiras décadas do século XX foi tomado como grave problema político-social. Para combatê-lo com exíguos recursos, a Reforma da Instrução Pública de São Paulo de 1920, estruturada por Antonio de Sampaio Doria, propôs a redução da duração do ensino primário de quatro para dois anos, de modo a ampliar o número de vagas. Essa medida viria a ser lembrada pela história da educação brasileira como a marca da reforma, juntamente com a ideia de que ela teria sido amplamente refutada. Para averiguar a movimentação que a Reforma de 1920 gerou em sua época, tivemos por objetivo principal acompanhar sua repercussão em jornais paulistas entre maio de 1920 e maio de 1921, analisando o jogo de forças de apoio e oposição. Tomamos a imprensa como força ativa da conjuntura, criando sentidos e promovendo a interpolação entre Estado e sociedade civil, dando a ver as disputas cotidianas que a reforma enfrentou e produziu. A partir da teoria do agendamento, observamos a construção da pauta em torno da reforma ao longo de várias semanas. Nossas fontes principais são edições dos diários Correio Paulistano, O Estado de S. Paulo e Jornal do Commercio, edição de S. Paulo, eventualmente complementadas por A Platéa, A Gazeta, Diario Popular e O Combate. A tese acompanha a pauta da imprensa, com enfoque em três temas: o recenseamento escolar, a constitucionalidade do Projeto de Lei n.º 47 de 1920 e as conferências proferidas por Sampaio Doria. A reforma recebeu dos órgãos da imprensa tratamento variado, ora polêmico, ora sensacionalista, ora eminentemente jurídico. Também as vozes impressas nos jornais mereceram cuidados distintos, como as opiniões de jurisconsultos e as emanadas de educadores. Embora a Reforma de 1920 tenha sido alvo de polêmicas, a análise deste corpus permite aferir que, no que tange à imprensa, a oposição não foi unânime, tampouco proveniente do campo educacional. / The illiteracy of the population in the first decades of the twentieth century was taken as a serious socio-political problem. In order to combat it with scarce resources, the 1920 Reform of the Public Instruction of Sao Paulo, structured by Antonio de Sampaio Doria, proposed to reduce the duration of the primary education from four to two years, hence increasing the school places. This measure came to be known in the history of Brazilian education as the hallmark of the reform, along with the idea that it would have been the target of strong opposition. To investigate the movement that the 1920 Reform generated, we had as main objective to accompany its repercussion in the Sao Paulo newspapers from May 1920 to May 1921, analyzing both support and opposition forces. We take the press as an active force of the conjuncture that creates meanings and promotes the interpolation between State and civil society, evidencing the daily disputes that the reform faced and produced. Based on the agendasetting theory, we observed the setting of an agenda around the reform over several weeks. Our main sources are the newspapers Correio Paulistano, O Estado de S. Paulo and the Sao Paulo edition of Jornal do Commercio, eventually complemented by A Platéa, A Gazeta, Diario Popular and O Combate. The thesis follows the press publications, focusing on three themes: the school census, the constitutionality of Bill No. 47 of 1920 and the lectures given by Sampaio Doria. The reform received from the press varied treatment, now controversial, now sensationalist, now eminently legal. Also the voices imprinted in the newspapers received different care, as the opinions of jurisconsults and those of educators. Even though the 1920 Reform was subject of controversy, the analysis of the corpus allows us to assess that, as far as the press is concerned, the opposition was not unanimous, neither came from the educational field.

Demographic behaviour of the Vietnamese people in the Czech Republic Abstract The Vietnamese have been living on the Czech territory for many years, even for several generations. Besides the Ukrainians and the Slovaks, the Vietnamese are the third largest group of foreigners in the Czech Republic. Even though the Vietnamese are nowadays an integral and common part of the Czech population, they have not yet received much demographic attention based on national data sources. This diploma thesis is focused on demographic issues of this minority. The thesis also deals with demographic differences between the Czech and Vietnamese population living in the Czech Republic. In addition, the thesis offers selected demographic features through which demographic disparities between the two parts of the population are analysed. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on the legislative issues of terms such as: citizenship, nationality and mother tongue, as it is very important to understand and distinguish these terms, especially for the analytical part of the thesis. Each term is defined and described in the introduction, so the differences between terms are explained. However, more attention is paid to the term citizenship, as the analytical part of the thesis is based primarily on this term. In the theoretical...

This thesis focuses on the emergence of the teenaged consumer as a market segment in Canada during the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s. It challenges the notion that teenagers were of little interest to retailers until economics and demographics shaped the more numerous and prosperous post-war teenagers of the Baby Boom generation. Using evidence from corporate records and analysis of mail order catalogues, the study examines how department store retailer, the T. Eaton Company, Limited, began to cultivate a distinct and lucrative teenaged consumer in the 1930s, and thereby began shaping the teenaged consumer. The thesis contextualizes the case study of Eaton’s by exploring the varied expectations that adults had of young people at the time, using census records and magazines (Chatelaine, Canadian Home Journal and Mayfair) to explore concerns about young people’s transition to adulthood. It then focuses on how Eaton’s made a concerted and sustained effort to attract teenager customers to its catalogue and stores. Analysis of its semi-annual catalogue highlights the emergence of specialized clothing size ranges and styles, revealing that Eaton’s increasingly viewed the teenaged years as an important in-between life stage. Eaton’s also instituted teenage advisory councils to both glean market trends and provide a venue for what it considered education for novice consumers. Eaton’s presented consumption as a way to prepare young people for adult roles, legitimizing teenaged participation in the consumer marketplace and contributing to wider debates about when and how teenaged Canadians should reach maturity.