Diversos estudos realizados na área econômica têm mostrado a importância da escolaridade para a melhoria da qualidade de vida das pessoas. Apesar disso, o nível médio de escolaridade no Brasil é de 6,4 anos na população adulta, considerado baixo, se comparado a outros países da América Latina. Em vista disso, na década de 1990, foram instituídas diversas mudanças na forma de gestão do ensino público brasileiro, com objetivo de melhorar sua qualidade e motivar o interesse da criança pela escola. O presente trabalho inseriu-se nessa discussão ao propor uma avaliação da influência que a infra-estrutura escolar e as características familiares exercem sobre a freqüência e o atraso no ensino fundamental. Dadas as diferenças regionais existentes no Brasil, fez-se uma comparação entre os estados de São Paulo e Pernambuco. Para tanto, foram feitas análises de regressões, utilizando-se do modelo próbite, e as bases de dados foram o censo demográfico, o censo escolar e as transferências do Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Escola (FNDE), do ano 2000. Tais análises concentraram-se nas escolas públicas, da área urbana, dos dois estados. Além disso, foram realizadas interações entre variáveis das características familiares e variáveis da infra-estrutura escolar, a fim de verificar as formas mais eficientes de se colocar e manter a criança na escola, garantindo-lhe o avanço nos estudos. Questionou-se, portanto, se é mais interessante para o governo investir na melhoria da qualidade das escolas, ou em iniciativas que melhoram as condições socioeconômicas da família. Foram, também, realizadas simulações para avaliar os impactos de uma melhoria na qualidade das escolas, versus uma melhoria das condições socioeconômicas das famílias, na freqüência e no atraso escolar do estudante. Os resultados mostraram que políticas públicas voltadas para um aumento do salário, ou da escolaridade do professores, assim como para uma melhoria dos equipamentos disponíveis na escola, beneficiarão mais as crianças pertencentes a famílias com chefes pouco escolarizados e/ou com uma baixa renda familiar per capita. Além disso, percebeu-se que em Pernambuco, a política pública de maior impacto sobre a freqüência escolar foi o aumento do salário do professor e sobre o atraso escolar foi o aumento da escolaridade do chefe de família. Para São Paulo, a melhor opção seria aumentar a renda familiar per capita, tanto no caso da freqüência, quanto no caso do atraso escolar. Conclui-se, então, que a adoção de políticas públicas deve levar em consideração o lugar onde as mesmas serão adotadas, bem como os objetivos a serem atingidos na área da educação. Acredita-se, no entanto, que políticas voltadas para melhorar as características familiares geram resultados somente no longoprazo. Por isso, sugere-se que no curto-prazo sejam priorizadas as políticas capazes de melhorar a qualidade das escolas públicas que oferecem o ensino fundamental, na área urbana, dos dois estados. Sugere-se, também, que os investimentos públicos na área da educação priorizem Pernambuco, em função das diferenças socioeconômicas existentes entre os dois estados. / Many studies in the economic field have showed the importance of education to increase the wellbeing of the society. However, the adult population in Brazil has, on average, 6.4 years of education, which is considered low when compared to other Latin American countries. Trying to improve the educational indicators, in the 90’s, many changes were implemented in the Brazilian public school system. The objective of the present study is to evaluate school infrastructure and family characteristics affecting children’s decision to study or to drop out from school (frequency and school delay in primary and secondary levels). The analyses were concentrated in public schools located in the urban areas of Pernambuco and São Paulo states. Demographic census, school census and government spending data from 2000 were used to run a Probit model, whether a child was in school or not and whether a child was in lower grade for his age or not. Interactions between family’s characteristics and school infrastructure, as well as some simulations, were done to verify what would be the best possible resource allocation to improve children’s education. The results showed that public policies that increased teacher’s schooling or teacher’s salaries, and policies that improved the school’s equipments would benefit more children from low income families and/or with low educated parents. Moreover, in Pernambuco, the teacher’s salary caused the greater impact in the children’s frequency to school, while the teacher’s schooling had the larger impact in the children’s school delay. On the other hand, in São Paulo, the best option would be to increase per capita family income, either to increase frequency or decrease delay in school. It is known that policies to improve families’ characteristics will produce results more in the long run. Therefore, policies that would improve the schools’ infrastructure and consequently the quality of the schools are suggested in the short run. Moreover, the investment should focus Pernambuco due to the lower socio-economic indicators compared to São Paulo.

Submitted by Joel de Lima Pereira Castro Junior (joelpcastro@uol.com.br) on 2016-08-19T23:00:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio Urzedo.pdf: 29625775 bytes, checksum: b44b481ec251f11114b147ff77ad5880 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca de Administração e Ciências Contábeis (bac@ndc.uff.br) on 2016-08-29T17:51:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio Urzedo.pdf: 29625775 bytes, checksum: b44b481ec251f11114b147ff77ad5880 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T17:51:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio Urzedo.pdf: 29625775 bytes, checksum: b44b481ec251f11114b147ff77ad5880 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Fundação Centro Estadual de Estatísticas, Pesquisas e Formação de Servidores Públicos do Rio de Janeiro. Coordenadoria de Gestão da Informação. Rio de Janeiro, RJ / Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia de diagnóstico social de modo a ajudar na identificação e ordenação de regiões em termos do grau de vulnerabilidade social. Para tal foi discutido o conceito de vulnerabilidade social (KAZTMAN e FILGUEIRA, 2006) e a relação de sua formulação teórica com as mudanças ideológicas no pensamento econômico. Para tal foi realizada uma análise histórica sobre o pensamento desenvolvimentista, teorias Cepalinas, em especial, nas teorias de Celso Furtado, e sobre a evolução da pobreza e miséria no Brasil. Para construção do Indicador de Vulnerabilidade Social (IVS) utilizou-se o conceito de multidimensionalidade para cálculo da vulnerabilidade das famílias/domicílios. A fonte dos dados foi o censo demográfico de 2010, de onde foram retirados os microdados do universo e através de análise fatorial foi possível ordenar os setores censitários de acordo com sua classificação. Estas informações georreferenciadas possibilitaram a construção de mapas que apontam geograficamente a Vulnerabilidade das famílias/domicílios possibilitando uma análise do microssocial para fins de planejamento público e privado em programas e projetos voltados à assistência social. / This study aimed to develop a methodology for social diagnosis in order to assist in the identification and ordering of regions in terms of the degree of social vulnerability. For this was discussed the concept of social vulnerability (Kaztman and FILGUEIRA, 2006) and the relationship of its theoretical formulation with ideological shifts in economic thinking. For such a historical analysis of development thinking, Cepal theories, especially theories of Celso Furtado, and on the evolution of poverty and misery in Brazil was performed. Construction of Social Vulnerability Indicator (IVS) we used the concept of multidimensionality for calculating the vulnerability of families / households. The data source was the census of 2010, which were removed from the microdata of the universe and through factor analysis it was possible to sort the census tracts according to their classification. This information allowed the construction of georeferenced maps that link geographically Vulnerability of families / households enabling an analysis of the micro for purposes of public and private planning programs and projects aimed at social assistance.

No description available.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Identifying spatial and temporal patterns of disease occurrence by mapping the residential locations of affected people can provide information that informs response by public health practitioners and improves understanding in epidemiological research. A common method of locating patients at the individual level is geocoding residential addresses stored in electronic medical records (EMRs) using address matching procedures in a geographic information system (GIS). While the process of geocoding is becoming more common in public health studies, few researchers take the time to examine the effects of using different address databases on match rate and positional accuracy of the geocoded results. This research examined and compared accuracy and match rate resulting from four commonly-used geocoding databases applied to sample of 59,341 subjects residing in and around Marion County/ Indianapolis, IN. The results are intended to inform researchers on the benefits and downsides to their selection of a database to geocode patient addresses in EMRs.

In dieser Habilitationsschrift werden elf ausgewählte Zeitschriftenartikel vorgestellt. Alle Artikel zielen darauf ab, die Heterogenität der Betriebe des Agrarsektors durch eine bessere Auflösung der Angebotsmodelle zu berücksichtigen. Der erste Abschnitt konzentriert sich auf die Anwendungen mit dem partiellen Gleichgewichtsmodell CAPRI. Der Abschnitt deckt ein breites Spektrum politischer Fragen ab, zum Beispiel, Kopplung bzw. Konvergenz der Direktzahlungen, Ökologisierung, Verringerung der Treibhausgasemissionen und Kohlenstoffsequestrierung. Ich zeige, dass betriebsbezogene Angebotsmodelle eine detailliertere Analyse politischer Auswirkungen ermöglichen. Zudem erlauben diese Angebotsmodelle eine Verknüpfung mit Modellen höherer räumlicher Auflösung. Der zweite Abschnitt befasst sich mit methodischen Fragen zur Schätzung struktureller Veränderungen auf der Ebene der Betriebstypen in einem EU-weiten Ansatz. Der entwickelte Ansatz hilft, Faktoren, die den landwirtschaftlichen Strukturwandel beeinflussen, besser zu bestimmen und bietet die Möglichkeit einer umfassenden Analyse des landwirtschaftlichen Strukturwandels in der EU. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Ergebnisse zum Strukturwandel auch in der Modellierung berücksichtigt werden können. Dafür wurden Methoden entwickelt, die die Wahrung der Konsistenz der regionalen Ebene und die Berücksichtigung von betriebstypspezifischen Bilanzen, Indikatoren und Veränderungen in der Zahl der landwirtschaftlichen Betriebe gewähren. Der letzte Abschnitt befasst sich mit Methoden zur Rückschätzung von zensierten Daten. Ich untersuche verschiedene Datenaggregationsansätze, wie zum Beispiel, ein lokales gewichtetes Durchschnittsverfahren und ein bayesianisches Schätzverfahren, um Parameter für die zensierten Daten zu ermitteln, die der Realität so weit wie möglich entsprechen. / In this habilitation thesis, eleven selected journal articles were presented. All articles aimed to improve the resolution and thus reduce aggregation error to better account for farm heterogeneity in the agricultural sector models. The first section focused on model application with the partial equilibrium model CAPRI at the farm-type level. It covered many policy issues, such as coupling, convergence, greening, GHG mitigation, and carbon sequestration. I demonstrate that the farm-type supply models enable a detailed analysis of various policy impacts. It was demonstrated that the EU's supply models could improve model linkage with higher spatial resolution models, thus further closing the gap with spatial land-use models. The second section addressed significant methodological queries about estimating structural changes at the farm-type level in an EU-wide approach. A regional approach helps to identify better factors affecting agricultural structural change. The approach offers the opportunity for a comprehensive and previously unachievable analysis of agricultural structural change in the EU. Integrating the development into the CAPRI farm-type model poses challenges with the top-down approach. It requires maintaining consistency with the regional NUTS2 level and considering farm-type-specific balances, indicators, and changes in the number of farms from the structural change estimation. The last section addressed methods for back-estimating censored data. I explored different data aggregation approaches, such as a local weighted average method and a Bayesian estimation procedure, to establish parameters for the censored data that match reality as closely as possible.

The subject of this dissertation thesis is investigating the issue of the German ethnic group status in inter-war Czechoslovakia shown in the example of the Nejdek political district with the emphasis on the major and crucial aspects of social life - politics, economic and social issues while the assistance and support elements include: demographics, border issues, the presence of the Czech ethnic group, a preview of own (German) history and the development of churches and religion. The Nejdek political district is set within a framework of regional history with regard to the historical context of the development of Czechoslovakia, or even of the world in some cases. The regional history presented here in the form of a probe from the perspective of great historical events and partly through micro-history aim to build on the broad source base and capture the impacts and effects of national policies on shaping of the Nejdek region and its inhabitants. In some ways, when possible of course, research methods are applied. Overall, the work is to fill the so-called white gaps in the regional historiography, since the books or studies published so far have been focusing only on partial, closely regionally defined topics and only comprehensive work, which the author of this paper attempts, could therefore...