A introdução da nutroterapia parenteral (NTP) contribuiu para redução da morbimortalidade de pacientes com contraindicação de uso do trato gastrointestinal. Porém, está relacionada a complicações clínicas, destacando-se a infecção associada ao uso de cateteres venosos centrais (CVCs) e a formação de biofilmes, que podem contribuir para piora clínica daqueles que necessita da NTP. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a presença de biofilmes, a infecção sanguínea secundária ao uso de CVC utilizados em nutroterapia e os fatores de riscos associados ao processo infeccioso. Por meio de estudo clínico prospectivo, durante janeiro a junho de 2008, avaliou-se clinicamente por meio de registros médicos e de enfermagem todos pacientes em uso de parenteral internados no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, assim como os cateteres utilizados pelos mesmos, por meio de técnicas de cultura semiquantitativas e de hemoculturas. Aleatoriamente, algumas amostras dos CVCs utilizados foram enviadas para microscopia eletrônica de varredura e de alguns pacientes e de alguns profissionais da saúde foram coletados amostras se swab de pele. Foram avaliados 145 pacientes com idade média de 53±16 anos, destes 46% cursaram com infecção associada ao uso de CVC, ocorrendo óbito em 43% dos casos. A mortalidade foi associada ao maior risco de infecção (0.007),a complicações metabólicas como hiperglicemia (p <0.001) e distúrbio hidroeletrolítico (p=0.036) e à desnutrição (p=0.03). Com relação ao CVC, foram analisados um total de 179 CVCs, desses 49% estavam colonizados por micro-organismos e 34% foram relacionados à infecção sanguínea, não foram observadas diferenças clínicas quanto ao risco de colonização ou infecção sistêmica relacionada aos CVCs. Observou-se o risco de infecção cruzada em 21% do swabs auriculares coletados da equipe de saúde que assitia ao paciente. O risco da migração de micro-organismo da própria pele do paciente foi observado em 45% dos swabs coletados da mão e da região auricular do paciente. Quanto ao biofilme, foi observado a formação em 62% das amostras analisadas, sendo cocos mais comuns e Staphylococcus spp (39%) e Candida spp (19%) os micro-organismos mais frequentes. Conclui-se que a presença de biofilmes e infecção associada ao CVC utilizado para NTP é frequente e está relacionada ao aumento da mortalidade dos pacientes que necessitam desta nutroterapia / The introduction of parenteral nutrition therapy (PNT) has helped to reduce morbidity and mortality of patients with contraindications for use of the gastrointestinal tract. However, is related to clinical complications, especially infection associated with the use of central venous catheters (CVCs) and the formation of biofilms, which may contribute to clinical worsening of those who need the PNT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of biofilms, the risk of infection related to the use of CVC used in parenteral nutrition, as well as risk factors associated with infection. Through a prospective study during January to June 2008 were evaluated clinically by means of medical records and nursing all patients who needed parenteral nutrition support at Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, as well as catheters used by them, by means of semiquantitative culture techniques and blood cultures. Randomly, some samples of CVCs used were sent for scanning electron microscopy. Also, some samples of skin´s swabs were collected from, some patients and some health professionals. We evaluated 145 patients with mean age 53 ± 16 years, 46% of those presenting with infection associated with the use of CVC, death occurring in 43% of cases. Mortality was associated with increased risk of infection (0.007), hyperglycemia (p <0.001), electrolyte disturbance (p = 0.036) and malnutrition (p = 0.03). Regarding the CVC were analyzed a total of 179 CVCs, 49% of these were colonized by micro-organisms and 34% were related to bloodstream infection, there were no clinical differences between the risk of colonization or bloodstream infection related to CVCs. It was noted the risk of cross infection in 21% of ear swabs collected from the health team whom attended to the patient. The risk of migration of micro-organism of the patient\'s own skin was observed in 45% of the swabs collected from the hand and around patient´s ear. Biofilm formation was observed in 62% of samples, being more common cocci. Staphylococcus spp (39%) and Candida spp (19%) were the most frequent micro-organisms. The presence of biofilms and infection related to CVC used for NTP is frequent and is associated with increased mortality of patients who need this nutritional support.

O uso do Cateter Venoso Central (CVC) viabiliza a assistência de alta complexidade aos pacientes críticos. Contudo, as infecções desses cateteres demonstram uma associação com a migração dos microrganismos da pele do local de inserção até a ponta do cateter. A utilização de novas tecnologias para reduzir a colonização cutânea no sítio de inserção do cateter reforça a questão da antissepsia cutânea e a sugestão do curativo adequado a esta região. As recomendações do Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) apontam como uma opção de curativo o uso da cobertura de filme transparente de poliuretano (FTP) que protege e facilita a visualização do sítio de inserção. Contudo, o uso do curativo gel de clorexidina (CGCHX), vem apresentado uma resposta superior na prevenção dessas colonizações e infecções. Diante do exposto, propôs-se identificar por meio de um estudo de corte transversal prospectivo, os microrganismos presentes no swab de pele após o uso do CGCHX e do FTP, no momento da retirada do CVC. Fizeram parte do estudo um total de 92 pacientes, destes 45 pacientes em uso do CGCHX e 47 utilizaram FTP, em ambos os grupos, a faixa etária foi em média 60 anos, declararam-se brancos e não houve diferença significativa entre o número de homens e mulheres. A escolha do sítio de inserção preferencial foi a veia jugular interna direita. Houve o crescimento em 13 amostras de Swabs no grupo do CGCHX os microrganismos encontrados foram Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Morganella morganii, Enterobater cloacae, Staphylococcus aereus e Staphylococcus epidermidis. O Staphylococcus aereus apresentou resistência a oxacilina, o que podemos sugerir a possibilidade de uma cepa MRSA. Quanto ao FTP foram seis amostras positivas com o crescimento de Serratia marcescens, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis e Staphylococcus haemolyticus. A presença da Klebsiella pneumoniae sensível somente a amicacina sugere a possibilidade da cepa Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemas (KPC). Apesar dos achados evidenciarem um número maior de crescimento bacteriano no curativo gel de CHX, este estudo pode contribuir para o olhar e desenvolvimento de novos trabalhos para a nossa população, levando em consideração nosso clima e tipo de pele, como também a importância de medidas educativas permanentes no treinamento da equipe de saúde nos centros onde as novas tecnologias são implementadas / The use of Central Venous Catheter (CVC) enables the high complexity assistance to critically ill patients. However, these catheters infections show an association with the migration of skin microorganisms from the insertion site to the tip of the catheter. The use of new technologies to reduce skin colonization on the catheter insertion site reinforces the issue of skin disinfection and use of suitable dressing to this region. The recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) show the use of coverages with transparent polyurethane film (TPF) as an option of dressing, which protects and facilitates the visualization of the insertion site. However, the use of chlorhexidine gel dressing (CGD) has presented a higher response in preventing these colonizations and infections. Given the above, this study aimed to identify the microorganisms present on the skin swab after using the CGD and TPF at the time of removal of the CVC from a prospective cross-sectional study. The total of participants were 92 patients, 45 of them were using CGD and 47 were using FTP. In both groups, the average age was 60 years, white, and there was no significant difference between the number of men and women. The choice of preferred insertion site was the right internal jugular vein. There was growth in 13 samples Swabs in the CGD group. Microorganisms found were Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Morganella morganii, Enterobater cloacae, Staphylococcus aereus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Staphylococcus aereus showed resistance to oxacillin, which can suggest the possibility of a MRSA strain. Related to the FTP group, there were six positive samples with the growth of Serratia marcescens, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. The presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae sensitive only to amikacin suggests the possibility of Klebsiellapneumoniaecarbapenemase strain (KPC). Despite findings showing a greater number of bacterial growth in the chlorhexidine gel dressing, this study may contribute to the development of new studies for population, taking into account the climate and skin type, as well as the importance of educational measures for the training of health team in centers where new technologies are implemented

The aim of the thesis was to determine the microbial colonization at the injection site of central venous catheter and its possible influence to maintain the lowest incidence of catheter sepsis. The culture results of skin swabs and taken blood cultures from two groups of patients were compared with each other using qualitative analysis methods. Those were Intensive Care Unit patients with established central venous catheter. The result was the discovery of microbial colonization of the skin and the representation of different pathogenic strains at the site of a central venous catheter for both established groups. Further showed that the higher the risk of microbial colonization with symptoms of catheter sepsis was seen where patients have central venous catheter established for longer period of time and have been treated under home parental nutrition program with stoma. The recommendation is the continuous education of health professionals to act in accordance with the latest preventive treatment recommendations, and the emphasis is mainly placed on hands cleaning and disinfecting as the hands of health professionals are one of the most common and risky way of transmission of pathogenic strains with potential nosocomial infection formation. Aseptic principles must be repeatedly communicated to all...

In the presented diploma thesis I deal with the issue of proper insertion of short-term central venous catheters, adherence to procedures by medical and non-medical staff according to CDC guidelines 2011 during insertion and subsequent treatment in intensive care in a faculty-type medical facility. The aim of the diploma thesis is to determine the occurrence of complications, especially infectious, the level of adherence to recommended procedures in practice according to 2011 CDC guidelines, central venous catheter manipulation, comparison of real activities with recommendations and mapping the level of knowledge of non-medical staff about short-term central venous catheters. The theoretical part deals with the importance of clinical guidelines, central venous catheter in general, complications associated with the central venous catheter and prevention of infectious complications of invasive inputs. For the empirical part of the diploma thesis, a prospective non- randomized observational study of cannulation and possible complications associated with a short- term central venous catheter according to CDC 2011 guidelines was chosen to determine real procedures for insertion, treatment and removal of a short-term central venous catheter. This was supplemented by an exploratory questionnaire survey of...

La investigación “Beneficios del uso del apósito con clorhexidina en la prevención de infecciones por el catéter venoso central en el paciente crítico”, tuvo como objetivo determinar los beneficios del uso del apósito con clorhexidina para prevención de infecciones por catéter venoso central. Se desarrolló mediante una metodología de investigación secundaria bajo el enfoque de la enfermería basada en la evidencia, para lo cual se formuló la pregunta clínica ¿Cuáles son los beneficios del uso del apósito con clorhexidina para prevención de infecciones por catéter venoso central en el paciente crítico? Se realizó la búsqueda de la información en bases de datos como BVS, Scielo, Epistemonikos, Pubmed y Cochrane de donde se obtuvo un total de 761 artículos, de los cuales, finalmente solo quedaron 7 investigaciones que fueron validadas con la guía de Gálvez Toro, siendo la investigación sujeta a revisión “Apósito impregnado de clorhexidina para la profilaxis de complicaciones relacionadas con el catéter venoso central: una revisión sistemática y un metaanálisis”, a la cual se aplicó la guía CASPe, el cual tuvo un nivel de evidencia 1++ y grado recomendación A según guía SIGN. Finalmente para dar respuesta a la pregunta se determinó que el apósito impregnado de clorhexidina es beneficioso en la reducción de riesgo de infecciones del torrente sanguíneo relacionados al uso de catéter venoso central en una unidad de cuidados intensivos. / The research “Benefits of the use of a dressing with chlorhexidine in the prevention of infections due to the central venous catheter in critically ill patients” aimed to determine the benefits of the use of a dressing with chlorhexidine for the prevention of infections due to a central venous catheter. It was developed through a secondary research methodology under the approach of evidence-based nursing, for which the clinical question was formulated: What are the benefits of using chlorhexidine dressing for the prevention of central venous catheter infections in critically ill patients? The information was searched in databases such as BVS, Scielo, Epistemonikos, Pubmed and Cochrane, from which a total of 761 articles were obtained, of which, finally, only 7 investigations remained that were validated with the guide of Gálvez Toro. The research being subject to review “Chlorhexidine-impregnated dressing for the prophylaxis of complications related to the central venous catheter: a systematic review and meta-analysis”, to which the CASPe guideline was applied, which had a level of evidence 1++ and recommendation grade A according to SIGN guide. Finally, to answer the question, it was determined that the chlorhexidine-impregnated dressing is beneficial in reducing the risk of bloodstream infections related to the use of a central venous catheter in an intensive care unit.

Resistência hidráulica é altamente prevalente em cateteres venosos centrais de longa permanência. Selos de heparina são comumente utilizados para manter evitar o problema, mas mostram pouca efetividade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a efetividade e segurança de dois selos quanto à redução de ocorrência de incidência de baixo fluxo. Setenta e cinco pacientes com doença renal crônica no estágio 5D em hemodiálise de alta eficiência no Centro Integrado de Nefrologia (Guarulhos, Brasil) foram randomizados na proporção de 1:1:1 para receber selo contendo a combinação de minociclina 3 mg/ml com o anticoagulante/quelante EDTA 30 mg/ml (M-EDTA), heparina 1.000 U/mL (Heparina) ou citrato trissódico 30% (Citrato) por 15 semanas. Sessenta e oito pacrticipantes terminaram o estudo no qual ambos participantes e investigadores foram cegos quanto à alocação do tratamento. O desfecho primátio de efetividade foi ocorrência de resistência hidráulica e o desfecho secundário de segurança foi ocorrência de reações adversas a selos. A incidência de resistência hidráulica foi significantemente maior em cateteres selados com Heparina (18/23) comparado com os selos Citrato (4/22) e M-EDTA (2/23) (p< 0.001). O estudo clínico sugere que o Citrato e M-EDTA mantem a patência de cateteres melhor que a heparina 1.000 UI/ml, sendo altamente custo-efetivos em comparação com heparina 1.000 UI/ml. Ainda, o Citrato pode ser a melhor opção de selo por não se associar com resistência antimicrobiana a longo prazo. / Hydraulic Resistance is highly prevalent among long-term central venous catheters. Heparin catheter lock solutions are commonly used to maintain catheter patency, however this problem remains high. The purpose of the CLOCK Trial was to evaluate two catheter lock solutions as to their effectiveness and safety. Seventy-five CKD 5D patients on high-efficiency hemodialysis at the Integrated Centre of Nephrology (Guarulhos, Brazil) were randomized 1:1:1 to receive a lock solution combining minocycline 3 mg/ml with the anticoagulant/chelation agent EDTA 30 mg/ml (M-EDTA) or heparin 1,000 IU/ml (Heparin) or trisodium citrate 30% (Citrate) versus Heparin for 15 weeks. A total of 68 patients completed the trial in which both investigators and patients were blinded to treatment allocation. The primary end-point was the occurrence of hydraulic resistance and secondary safety end-point was adverse drug reactions related to the lock solutions. The incidence of hydraulic resistance was significantly higher among patients on Heparin (18/23) compared to Citrate (4/22) and M-EDTA (2/23) lock solutions, (p< 0.001). The trial suggests Citrate and M-EDTA may preserve catheter patency better than Heparin and they may show higher cost-effectiveness when compared to heparin. Citrate may be a better option due the lack of association with longterm antimicrobial resistance.

Introdução: A manutenção periódica da permeabilidade de cateter venoso central totalmente implantado (CVC-TI), realizada por enfermeiros, contribui para o aumento da vida útil do cateter, fator imprescindível para o êxito do tratamento quimioterápico endovenoso, e para evitar a ocorrência de complicações que podem acarretar prejuízos intangíveis aos pacientes (perda do cateter, infecções, trombose venosa profunda, prolongamento de períodos de internação) e demandar maiores recursos financeiros das instituições de saúde. Este procedimento requer a disponibilidade de recursos específicos cujo consumo gera custos desconhecidos que podem comprometer o processo decisório em relação à sua eficiência alocativa. Objetivos: Identificar o custo direto médio (CDM) da manutenção da permeabilidade de CVC-TI no Hospital Dia (HD) de um hospital público de alta complexidade especializado em tratamento de pacientes oncológicos e estimar o CDM da substituição de heparina por cloreto de sódio 0,9% para a manutenção da permeabilidade de CVC-TI. Método: Estudo de caso quantitativo, exploratório-descritivo, cuja amostra constituiu-se da observação não participante de 200 manutenções de CVC-TI, com heparina. O CDM foi calculado multiplicando-se o tempo (cronometrado) despendido por enfermeiros e técnicas de enfermagem na execução do procedimento pelo custo unitário da mão de obra direta, somando-se ao custo dos materiais e soluções. Para a realização dos cálculos a moeda brasileira (R$) foi convertida para a moeda norte-americana dólar (US$). Resultados: O CDM do procedimento manutenção de CVC-TI, com heparina, correspondeu a US$ 9.71 (DP=1.35) sendo o CDM total da etapa 1 - busca de material na Central de Atendimento de Material e Medicamento do 11º andar de US$ 0.92 (DP=0.32); o CDM total da etapa 2 - preparo do material e assepsia de US$ 7.89 (DP=0.67), com impacto expressivo do CDM com materiais (US$ 5.55 - DP=0.14); o CDM total da etapa 3 - punção e heparinização do CVC-TI de US$ 0.57 (DP=1.17) e o CDM total da etapa 4 - descarte do material de US$ 0.34 (DP=0.14). A etapa 1 foi executada majoritariamente por técnicas de enfermagem e as etapas 2, 3 e 4 realizadas exclusivamente por enfermeiros. Estimando-se o utilizando-se cloreto de sódio 0,9% obteve-se o valor de US$ 8.81 (DP=1.29) com redução do CDM total nas etapas 2 e 3, US$ 6.99 - DP=0.65 e US$ 0.56 - DP=1.02, respectivamente. Conclusão: A apuração do custo direto médio da manutenção de CVC-TI com heparina favoreceu a proposição de estratégias com potencial para auxiliar na contenção/minimização de custos. A estimativa da substituição da heparina por cloreto de sódio 0,9%, além de ser subsidiada por evidências da literatura como prática mais indicada, mostrou a possibilidade da redução do custo direto médio total. / Introduction: The periodic permeability maintenance of totally implanted central venous catheter (IT-CVC) performed by nurses contributes to an increase in the useful life of the catheter, an essential factor for successful intravenous chemotherapy treatment and to avoid the occurrence of difficulties which may bring some intangible damage for patients (catheter loss, infections, deep venous thrombosis, prolongation of hospitalization periods) and demanding greater financial resources from health institutions. This procedure requires the availability of specific resources whose consumption generates unidentified costs that may compromise the decision-making process in relation to its allocative efficiency. Objectives: To identify the mean direct cost (MDC) of permeability maintenance of TI-CVC at Day Hospital (DH) of a highly complex public hospital to treat cancer patients and to estimate the MDC of heparin replacement with sodium chloride 0.9% for the permeability maintenance of TI-CVC. Method: A quantitative, exploratory-descriptive case study whose sample consisted of the non-participant observation of 200 TI-CVC maintenance with heparin. The MDC was calculated by multiplying the time (measured) spent by nurses and nursing techniques when implementing the procedure by the unit cost of direct labor, adding up to the cost of materials and solutions. For the calculations, the Brazilian currency (R$) was converted for US dollar (US$). Results: The MDC of the IT-CVC of the maintenance procedure mean direct cost with heparin, which corresponded to US $ 9.71 (SD = 1.35), being the total MDC of step 1 - \" search of material at the Assistance Center for materials and Drugs at 11th Floor \" of US $ 0.92 (SD = 0.32); The total MDC of step 2 - \" material preparation o and asepsis\" of US $ 7.89 (SD = 0.67), with significant impact of MDC with materials (US $ 5.55 - SD = 0.14); the total MDC of step 3 - \" TI-CVC puncture and heparinization\" of $ 0.57 (SD = 1.17) and the total MDC of step 4 - \"discard of material\" of $ 0.34 (SD = 0.14). Stage 1 was performed mainly by nursing techniques and stages 2, 3 and 4 performed exclusively by nurses. Estimating the mean direct cost using 0.9% sodium chloride it was obtained the value of US $ 8.81 (SD = 1.29) with reduction of total MDC in steps 2 and 3, US $ 6.99 - SD = 0.65 and US $ 0.56 - SD = 1.02, respectively. Conclusion: The determination of maintenance of TI-CVC with heparin favored the proposition of strategies with a great possibility to support the control / minimization of costs. The estimation to replace heparin for sodium chloride 0.9%, besides being subsidized by evidences in the literature as the most indicated practice, showed the chance to reduce the total mean direct cost.

Die histologische Diagnostik stellt in der Hämatologie und Onkologie die Voraussetzung einer differenzierten Therapie dar. Minimal-invasive Eingriffe mittels sonographisch-gesteuerter Punktion zur Gewinnung von zytologischen oder histologischen Material bedeutet sowohl einen zeitlichen Gewinn, als auch eine Herabsetzung des Risikos eines operativen Eingriffs. Mit dem gewonnenen Gewebe werden auch immunhistologische Untersuchungen möglich, die z.B. bei Non-Hodgkin Lymphomen notwendig sind. Zur intensiven Polychemotherapie bei malignen Erkrankungen werden oft zentral-venöse Katheter bzw. Port-Anlagen in große Venen eingeführt. Die Komplikationen und deren Management werden aufgezeigt und diskutiert. Eine sonographisch-gesteuerte Venenpunktionstechnik stellt eine Methode dar, die für die Patienten einen risikoarmen und schnelleren Weg bedeuten und als neu-entwickelte Ein-Personen-Technik auch für den Arzt ein innovatives Vorgehen bei einem potentiell komplikationsträchtigen Eingriff mit größerer Sicherheit durchzuführen. / In hematology and oncology histological diagnosis is an important requirement before differential chemotherapy. Sonographically guided puncture techniques achieving cytological and histological material is a time-saving process with moderate risks for the patients. With this material even immunhistological procedures in malignancies like Non-Hodgkin lymphoma are possible. For intensified chemotherapies in malignant diseases central venous catheter such as port catheters are requiriered. In this thesis complications and their management are shown and discussed. The ultrasounically guided central venous puncture represents a method for fast and low risk procedure for our patients. The one-operator technique represents an innovative and save intervention in a potentially risky procedure for physicians.

Centrala venkatetrar (CVK) används både inom slutenvården och öppenvården, dock är användandet ej riskfritt. År 2018 var 12,9 % av de vårdrelaterade infektionerna i Sverige relaterade till centrala venkatetrar. Genom att följa evidensbaserade riktlinjer gällande handhavandet av CVK, sänks incidensen av dessa infektioner. Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att kartlägga vilka faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskans följsamhet till evidensbaserade riktlinjer gällande handhavandet av CVK. Studien genomfördes som en allmän litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats. Resultatet baserades på 13 vetenskapliga artiklar som visade att sjuksköterskans följsamhet påverkades av såväl resurser som begränsningar. Återkommande utbildning, skriftlig och muntlig återkoppling samt lättillgängligt material kunde öka följsamheten, medan brist på kunskap samt akuta situationer kunde minska sjuksköterskans följsamhet till riktlinjer. / Central venous catheters (CVC) are used both in inpatient and outpatient care, however, the use is not risk-free. In 2018, 12, 9 % of the healthcare-related infections in Sweden were related to central venous catheters. When following evidence-based guidelines of CVC maintenance, the incidence of CVC-related infections are reduced. The aim of this study was to investigate which factors affect the nurse's adherence to evidence-based guidelines regarding CVC maintenance. The study was designed as a structured literature review with an inductive approach. The result was based on 13 scientific articles and showed that the nurses’ adherence was affected by both resources and limitations. Recurrent education, written and oral feedback and easily accessible material could increase the adherence while lack of knowledge and emergencies may provide a reduced nurses’ adherence to guidelines.

Bakgrunn: Sentralvenøse katetre (SVK) er et tilbud til mange pasientgrupper når det foreligger indikasjoner. Dette medfører at SVK håndteres av helsepersonell på alle enheter i helsetjenesten. Samtidig som SVK er livgivende, kan anvendelse av katetre i blodbanen resultere i alvorlige blodbaneinfeksjoner (SVK-BBI). Blodbaneinfeksjoner assosiert med innleggelse og håndtering av SVK, er en av de alvorligste komplikasjonene som kan oppstå. Fokus på forebygging av SVK-BBI har spredd seg fra å gjelde intensivavdelinger tilå gjelde hele helsetjenesten. Hensikten med denne studien erå se på etterlevelse av infeksjonsforebyggende retningslinjer for å forebygge SVK-BBI utenom intensivavdelinger. Fokuseropplæring, aseptisk teknikk, håndhygiene ogdesinfeksjon av koblingene. Metode: Studien er en tverrsnittsstudie hvor det gjennomføres observasjoner av etterlevelse av håndtering og stell av SVK,samten spørreundersøkelse som kartlegger opplæringav helsepersonelli forhold tildette. 40 sykepleiere deltar i observasjonsstudien og 112 helsepersonelldeltar i spørreundersøkelsen. Hovedresultat: Etterlevelse av aseptisk teknikk under prosedyre var 72,5 %.Etterlevelse av håndhygiene før SVK-prosedyre var 42%. Etterlevelse av desinfeksjon før tilgang/ skifte av koblinger var 89,6 %. 96 % av desom håndterte SVK,har fått opplæring. 68 % er opplært med multimodale metoder. Konklusjon: Studien viser at defleste som håndterteSVK har hatt opplæring. Kommentarene til spørreundersøkelsen viser likevel at det etterlyses bedre opplæring hvor praktisk trening og oppdatering av kunnskap er vektlagt. Til tross for stort fokus på opplæring viser observasjonene av etterlevelse av SVK-prosedyren at vesentlige infekjsonsforebyggende tiltak svikter. / Background:Central venous catheters (CVCs) are usedfor a wide range of indications and handled by health care professionals throughout the hospital. While CVCsare life-giving, their use may result in serious bloodstream infections. Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) are among the most serious complications in health care. Consequently, hospitals now focus on CRBSIs prevention throughout the entire hospital. Aim. The purpose of this study is to look at adherence to infection control guidelines for preventing CRBSIs outside intensive care units. Studied issues are education/ training of health care workers, aseptic technique, hand hygiene and disinfection of the hubs/ connections prior to use. Method.This cross-sectional study aimed to observe guideline compliance by 40 nurses during handling procedures and care of CVCs. We also conducted a sample survey of healthcare workers (n=112) to map the training of healthcare workers handling CVCs. Main results. Adherence to aseptic technique during the procedure was 72.5%, and compliance with hand hygiene before CVCs procedure was 42%. Compliance with use of disinfectant prior to access/change of hubs/connections was 89.6%. The survey revealed that 96% of respondents had been trained in properly handling CVCs; 68 % were trained with multimodal methods. Conclusion. Most healthcare workers were trained to handle CVCs. Some workers requested better training that emphasizes practical issues and updated knowledge. Despite a strong focus on education/training, our observations show that many healthcare workersremain noncompliant in CVC procedure / <p>ISBN 978-91-86739-76-8</p>