[ES] Los esquemas de antenas de múltiples entradas y múltiples salidas (MIMO) pueden maximizar la eficiencia espectral de los sistemas de Televisión Digital Terrestre (TDT) para la provisión de contenidos de gran capacidad, como los servicios emergentes de televisión de ultra alta definición (UHDTV), en el cada vez más escaso y limitado espectro radioeléctrico de la TDT debido a la creciente demanda de servicios inalámbricos de banda ancha (4G y 5G). Las tecnologías MIMO han sido desarrolladas inicialmente en la especificación técnica de TDT DVB-NGH (Digital Video Broadcasting Next Generation Handheld) y estandarizadas en el último estándar de TDT, ATSC 3.0 (Advanced Television Systems Committee 3rd Generation). Sin embargo, no hay despliegues comerciales MIMO de TDT. Por otro lado, la industria móvil ha desarrollado una tecnología de radiodifusión móvil, conocida como hoy en día como 5G Broadcast, basado en LTE (Long Term Evolution). Aunque LTE incorpora MIMO para transmisiones unicast punto a punto, 5G Broadcast sólo utiliza una única antenna en transmisión. Esta tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo evaluar el rendimiento de MIMO para radiodifusión (terrestrial broadcast) para sistemas inalámbricos de radiodifusión de nueva generación, tanto TDT como sistemas celulares. Durante la estandarización de los sistemas MIMO TDT, el diseño inicial tiene en cuenta condiciones de recepción perfectas, por ejemplo, demoduladores óptimos, información de estado del canal (CSI) perfecta, estimación perfecta de la potencia del ruido, etc. El objetivo principal de esta tesis doctoral es evaluar y optimizar el rendimiento de las transmisiones de radiodifusión MIMO en escenarios realistas. Esta tesis doctoral propone nuevos modelos de canales de propagación MIMO terrestres basados en medidas de campo que pueden utilizarse para la evaluación del rendimiento del sistema MIMO TDT. Además, también optimiza las diferentes configuraciones de transmisión y recepción MIMO, como la estimación de los canales MIMO en el receptor, y el procesado de señal. El escenario considerado en la tesis son torres de alta potencia con recepción fija, característico de las redes de TDT. Los resultados de esta tesis han contribuido al foro de estandarización ATSC, al sector de radiocomunicaciones de la Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones (UIT-R) y al proyecto nacional japonés de investigación sobre el sistema TDT de próxima generación. / [CA] Els esquemes d"antenes de múltiples entrades i múltiples sortides (MIMO) poden maximitzar l"eficiència espectral dels sistemes de Televisió Digital Terrestre (TDT) per a la provisió de continguts de gran capacitat, com els serveis emergents de televisió d"ultra alta definició (UHDTV) , en el cada vegada més escàs i limitat espectre radioelèctric de la TDT a causa de la creixent demanda de serveis sense fil de banda ampla (4G i 5G). Les tecnologies MIMO han estat desenvolupades inicialment en l'especificació tècnica de TDT DVB-NGH (Digital Video Broadcasting Next Generation Handheld) i estandarditzades a l'últim estàndard de TDT, ATSC 3.0 (Advanced Television Systems Committee 3rd Generation). No obstant això, no hi ha desplegaments comercials MIMO de TDT. D'altra banda, la indústria mòbil ha desenvolupat una tecnologia de radiodifusió mòbil, coneguda com avui dia com a 5G Broadcast, basat en LTE (Long Term Evolution). Tot i que LTE incorpora MIMO per a transmissions unicast punt a punt, 5G Broadcast només utilitza una única antena en transmissió. Aquesta tesi doctoral té com a objectiu avaluar el rendiment de MIMO per a radiodifusió (terrestrial broadcast) per a sistemes sense fil de radiodifusió de nova generació, tant TDT com sistemes cel·lulars. Durant l'estandardització dels sistemes MIMO TDT, el disseny inicial té en compte condicions de recepció perfectes, per exemple demoduladors òptims, informació d'estat del canal (CSI) perfecta, estimació perfecta de la potència del soroll, etc. L¿objectiu principal d¿aquesta tesi doctoral és avaluar i optimitzar el rendiment de les transmissions de radiodifusió MIMO en escenaris realistes. Aquesta tesi doctoral proposa nous models de canals de propagació MIMO terrestres basats en mesures de camp que es poden utilitzar per a l'avaluació del rendiment del sistema MIMO TDT. A més, també optimitza les diferents configuracions de transmissió i recepció MIMO, com l'estimació dels canals MIMO al receptor, i el processament de senyal. L'escenari considerat a la tesi són torres d'alta potència amb recepció fixa, característic de les xarxes de TDT. Els resultats d"aquesta tesi han contribuït al fòrum d"estandardització ATSC, al sector de radiocomunicacions de la Unió Internacional de Telecomunicacions (UIT-R) i al projecte nacional japonès de recerca sobre el sistema TDT de propera generació. / [EN] Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna schemes in Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) systems aim to maximize the spectral efficiency for the provision of large capacity contents in the scarce and limited DTT Radio-Frequency (RF) channel. The delivery of the emerging Ultra-High Definition TV (UHDTV) services as well as the continuous broadcast spectrum shortage due to the rapidly growing demand for wireless broadband services (4G and 5G) are the motivations for this proposal. MIMO technologies have been firstly developed in the DTT technical specification DVB-NGH (Digital Video Broadcasting Next Generation Handheld) and standardized in the latest DTT standard, ATSC3.0 (Advanced Television Systems Committee 3rd Generation). However, MIMO broadcasting has not been commercialized due to the additional investment for both service providers and receivers. On the other hand, mobile industry has developed mobile broadcast technologies known today as 5G Broadcast based on LTE (Long Term Evolution). Although LTE incorporates MIMO for point to point unicast, 5G Broadcast only uses a single antenna in transmission at the moment. The Ph.D. aims at assessing the performance of MIMO for broadcasting (terrestrial broadcast) for next-generation wireless broadcasting systems, including next-generation wireless broadcasting systems, both DTT and cellular system. During the standardization of MIMO DTT systems, the initial design accounts for perfect reception conditions, e.g., optimal demodulators, perfect Channel State Information (CSI), perfect noise power estimation. The main goal of this PhD is to assess and optimize the performance of MIMO wireless broadcast transmissions in realistic scenarios. This PhD proposes new models of terrestrial MIMO propagation channels based on field measurements which can be utilized for the evaluation of MIMO DTT system. Furthermore, it also optimizes the different MIMO transmission and reception configurations, such as broadcast MIMO channel estimation and signal processing. The scenarios considered in the thesis are high-power high-tower transmitter with fixed reception and characteristics of DTT networks. The results of the PhD have contributed to the ATSC standardization forum, International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R), and the Japanese national research project on next generation DTT system. / Shitomi, T. (2023). Evaluation and Optimization of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Antenna Schemes for Next-Generation Wireless Broadcasting [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/202598

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / OFDM systems have experienced increased attention in recent years and have found applications in a number of diverse areas including telephone-line based ADSL links, digital audio and video broadcasting systems, and wireless local area networks (WLAN). Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a powerful technique for high data-rate transmission over fading channels. However, to deploy OFDM in a WLAN environment, precise frequency synchronization must be maintained and tricky frequency offsets must be handled. In this thesis, various techniques to improve the data throughput of OFDM WLAN are investigated. A simulation tool was developed in Matlab to evaluate the performance of the IEEE 802.11a physical layer. We proposed a rapid time and frequency synchronization algorithm using only the short training sequence of the IEEE 802.11a standard, thus reducing the training overhead to 50%. Particular attention was paid to channel coding, block interleaving and antenna diversity. Computer simulation showed that drastic improvement in error rate performance is achievable when these techniques are deployed. / Lieutenant, Hellenic Navy

Two dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) achieves high areal densities by reducing the size of a bit comparable to the size of the magnetic grains resulting in two dimensional (2D) inter symbol interference (ISI) and very high media noise. Therefore, it is critical to handle the media noise along with the 2D ISI detection. In this paper, we tune the generalized belief propagation (GBP) algorithm to handle the media noise seen in TDMR. We also provide an intuition into the nature of hard decisions provided by the GBP algorithm. The performance of the GBP algorithm is evaluated over a Voronoi based TDMR channel model where the soft outputs from the GBP algorithm are used by a belief propagation (BP) algorithm to decode low-density parity check (LDPC) codes.

Adaptive antenna systems (AAS's) are traditionally of interest only in radar and sonar applications. However, since the onset of the explosive growth in demand for wireless communications during the 1990's, researchers are giving increasing attention to the use of AAS technology to overcome practical challenges in providing the service. The main benefit of the technology lies in its ability to exploit the spatial domain, on top of the temporal and frequency domains, to improve on transceiver performance. This thesis presents a unified study on two classes of preprocessing techniques for uniform circular arrays (UCA's). UCA's are of interest because of their natural ability to provide a full azimuth (i.e. 360') coverage found in typical scenarios for sensor array applications, such as radar, sonar and wireless communications. The two classes of preprocessing techniques studied are the Davies transformation and the interpolated array transformations. These techniques yield a mathematically more convenient form - the Vandermonde form - for the array steering vector via a linear transformation. The Vandermonde form is useful for different applications such as direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation and optimum or minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamforming in correlated signal environment and beampattem synthesis. A novel interpolated array transformation is proposed to overcome limitations in the existing interpolated array transformations. A disadvantage of the two classes of preprocessing techniques for UCA's with omnidirectional elements is the lack of robustness in the transformed array steering vector to array imperfections under certain conditions. In order to mitigate the robustness problem, optimisation problems are formulated to modify the transformation matrices. / Suitable optimisation techniques are then applied to obtain more robust transformations. The improved transformations are shown to improve robustness but at the cost of larger transformation errors. The benefits of the robustification procedure are most apparent in DOA estimation. In addition to the algorithm level studies, the thesis also investigates the use of AAS technology with respect to two different third generation (3G) mobile communications systems: Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution (EDGE) and Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA). EDGE, or more generally GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN), is the evolution of the widely successful GSM system to provide 3G mobile services in the existing radio spectrum. It builds on the TDMA technology of GSM and relies on improved coding and higher order modulation schemes to provide packet-based services at high data rates. WCDMA, on the other hand, is based on CDMA technology and is specially designed and streamlined for 3G mobile services. For WCDMA, a single-user approach to DOA estimation which utilises the user spreading code and the pulse-shaped chip waveform is proposed. It is shown that the proposed approach produces promising performance improvements. The studies with EDGE are concerned with the evaluation of a simple AAS at the system and link levels. / Results from, the system and link level simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of AAS technology in the new mobile communications system. Finally, it is noted that the WCDMA and EDGE link level simulations employ the newly developed COST259 directional channel model, which is capable of producing accurate channel realisations of macrocell environments for the evaluation of AAS's.

This thesis presents a cross-layer design and optimization for emerging wideband wireless networks supporting multimedia applications, considering the interactions of the wireless channel characteristics, the physical and link layer protocols, and the user-perceived Quality-of-Service (QoS). As wireless channels are error-prone and broadcast in nature, both the error control mechanisms and the Media Access Control (MAC) protocols are critical for resource utilization and QoS provisioning. How to analyze, design and optimize the high-rate wireless networks by considering the characteristics of the propagation channels and wideband communication technologies is an open, challenging issue. In this thesis, we consider two important wideband wireless systems, the Ultra-Wideband (UWB) and the Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. First, we propose the packet-level channel models based on Finite State Markov Chains (FSMCs) for the two systems, which present the statistical properties of the propagation channels and the transmission systems. Second, by incorporating the proposed packet-level channel models, we develop analytical frameworks for quantifying the performance of the high-rate wireless networks, combining the channel fading, physical- and link-layer error-control mechanisms and MAC protocols. Third, to mitigate the impact of channel fading and impairments, a cross-layer joint error-control mechanism is proposed. In addition, we also investigate the impact of channel fading on the video streaming applications, and propose a simple admission control algorithm to ensure QoS. As considering the physical-layer characteristics is critical for ensuring QoS and efficiency of resource utilization, the packet-level channel models, cross-layer analytical frameworks, networking protocols and simulation methodologies proposed in this dissertation are essential for future proliferation of high-rate wireless networks.

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) communication using multiple antennas has received significant attention in recent years, both in the academia and industry, as they offer additional spatial dimensions for high-rate and reliable communication, without expending valuable bandwidth. However, exploiting these promised benefits of MIMO systems critically depends on fast and accurate acquisition of Channel State Information (CSI) at the Receiver (CSIR) and the Transmitter (CSIT). In Time Division Duplex (TDD) MIMO systems, where the forward channel and the reverse channel are the same, it is possible to exploit this reciprocity to reduce the overhead involved in acquiring CSI, both in terms of training duration and power. Further, many popular and efficient transmission schemes such as beam forming, spatial multiplexing over dominant channel modes, etc. do not require full CSI at the transmitter. In such cases, it is possible to reduce the Reverse Channel Training (RCT) overhead by only learning the part of the channel that is required for data transmission at the transmitter. In this thesis, we propose and analyze several novel channel-dependent RCT schemes for MIMO systems and analyze their performance in terms of (a) the mean-square error in the channel estimate, (b) lower bounds on the capacity, and (c) the diversity-multiplexing gain tradeoff. We show that the proposed training schemes offer significant performance improvement relative to conventional channel-agnostic RCT schemes. The main take-home messages from this thesis are as follows: • Exploiting CSI while designing the RCT sequence improves the performance. • The training sequence should be designed so as to convey only the part of the CSI required for data transmission by the transmitter. • Power-controlled RCT, when feasible, significantly outperforms fixed power RCT.

Cooperative wireless communication is an attractive technique to explore the spatial channel resources by coordination across multiple links, which can greatly improve the communication performance over single links. In this dissertation, we study the cooperative multi-link channel properties by geometric approaches in body area networks (BANs) and cellular networks respectively.<p><p>In the part of BANs, the dynamic narrowband on-body channels under body motions are modeled statistically on their temporal and spatial fading based on anechoic and indoor measurements. Common body scattering is observed to form inter-link correlation between links closely distributed and between links having synchronized movements of communication nodes. An analytical model is developed to explain the physical mechanisms of the dynamic body scattering. The on-body channel impacts to simple cooperation protocols are evaluated based on realistic measurements. <p><p>In the part of cellular networks, the cluster-level multi-link COST 2100 MIMO channel model is developed with concrete modeling concepts, complete parameterization and implementation methods, and a compatible structure for both single-link and multi-link scenarios. The cluster link-commonness is introduced to the model to describe the multi-link properties. The multi-link impacts by the model are also evaluated in a distributed MIMO system by comparing its sum-rate capacity at different ratios of cluster link-commonness. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished