本論文全部一冊，共計十六萬字，分五章十三節。 本文主旨在探討中國自光緒二十四年至民國五年間（即公元一八九八年∼一九一六年 ），有關憲政之思想，及有關該思想的演化進步的情形。 首章為緒論，就本文的研究範圍，相關的概念先作界定，並就研究方法及架構作一說 明，以為底下各章的準備。 第二章由清末憲政思想的源起，即萌芽及茁長論起，此為清末民初憲攻思想的第一階 段。此後憲政思想即發展為兩股不同的憲政救國論，一股是以康有為、梁啟超為首的 君主立憲論，另一股乃是以 孫中山先生為首的共和立憲論。前者主張改革，後者主 張革命，此為本章第二及第三節所論述。 第三章探討君主立憲思想的演進過程，由第一節興起的原因背景論起，進而在第二節 說明此股思想的主張內容，亦即其成熟時期的思想。第三節說明思想成熟後所採取的 具體措施。第四節探討該股思想在高潮後的衰退現象。即以興趣－成熟－具體化－衰 退的階段論，為研究架構。 第四章探討共和立憲思想的演進過程，亦以興起－成熟－具體化－受阻的階段論為架 構。第一節說明興起的原因背景。第二節探討思想的主張內容，即成熟後之思想。第 三節探討此股思想所形成的具體措施，第四節採討該股思想所受的阻礙，以致不能順 利實行的現象。 第五章結論，綜合以上各章所論，期能對清末民初這段期間，憲政思想的演進方向與 模式，以社會變遷與政治發展的理論，作一明確的歸類，以作為理想憲政演進的參考 。並指出較理想的憲政演進型態。

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:59:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Santana Campos.pdf: 802506 bytes, checksum: 5027af9f7fa4e984a8ce9986a052ef28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-28 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / The main objective of this study is to present a reading of the narrative space in two contemporary Portuguese novels, one of them is Levantado do Chão by José Saramago (2005) and the other, Nenhum Olhar by José Luís Peixoto (2005). In both novels, the analyzed space is Alentejo, presented as a place that the limit between life and death is faint. The writers also use such space to reflect about specific questions of this area. In both plots, the store of the characters is develop by generations in which the pain cycle of pain and/or work need to be broken. Each action unleashed by a character, in a specific place, bringing on significant changes for the space of the plot as a whole. To develop the analyze of the space the theoretical criticism proposals belonging to Gaston Bachelard and Antonio Dimas were used, as well as those related to utopia and dystopia from Carlos Eduardo Ornelas Berriel, Lyman Tower Sargent, Tomas More, Ildney Cavalcanti, J. M. Sousa Nunes, and nihilism from Rossano Pecoraro. The conceptions related to utopia and dystopia, however, were used basically to analyze Levantado do Chão and reveled that the novel varies between the two genders. At the beginning, Saramago s book was based on the dystopic gender for, latter, change to utopic. The nihilism conception, in turn, was used to study the novel Nenhum Olhar, because this is based in the absolutely nothing, not presenting any possibility of future for the characters. Finally, both were compared and common points were reveled, such as the absence of God, the change of nature that follows the change of the plot and the constructions of a space named Alentejo made as criticism and imagination / O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar uma leitura do espaço narrativo em dois romances portugueses contemporâneos, um deles é Levantado do Chão de José Saramago (2005) e o outro, Nenhum Olhar de José Luís Peixoto (2005). Em ambos os romances, o espaço analisado é o Alentejo, retratado como um local em que o limite entre vida e morte é tênue. Os escritores também se valem de tal espaço para refletirem sobre questões especificas desta região. Nas duas tramas, a saga das personagens é acompanhada por gerações em que o ciclo de dor e/ou trabalho necessita ser quebrado. Cada ação desencadeada por uma personagem, em um local específico, acarreta mudanças significativas para o espaço da trama como um todo. Para que a análise do espaço pudesse ser desenvolvida, foram utilizadas as propostas teórico-críticas relativas ao espaço pertencentes a Gaston Bachelard e Antonio Dimas, bem como as relativas à utopia e à distopia de Carlos Eduardo Ornelas Berriel, Lyman Tower Sargent, Tomas More, Ildney Cavalcanti, J. M. Sousa Nunes, e ao niilismo de Rossano Pecoraro. As concepções de utopia e distopia, entretanto, foram aplicadas basicamente à análise de Levantado do Chão e revelaram que o romance oscila entre os dois gêneros. A princípio, a obra de Saramago se alicerça no gênero distópico para posteriormente pender para o utópico. A concepção de niilismo, por sua vez, foi empregada para o estudo da obra Nenhum Olhar, pois esta se alicerça no nada absoluto, não apresentando possibilidade nenhuma de futuro para as personagens. Por fim, ambas foram comparadas e mostraram pontos em comum como a ausência de Deus, a mudança da natureza que acompanha a mudança da trama, e a construção de um espaço chamado Alentejo forjado enquanto crítica e imaginário

Urak Lawoi is the name of one of the sea nomadic tribes which lives along the shores of Myanmar, Thailand and Malaysia. They are spread on many of the islands in the Andaman Sea archipelago and Ko Lanta is the main settlement. Urak Lawoi is regarded as the indigenous people of the island and they live there as a minority together with Muslims and Thai-Chinese.  The traditional religion and culture of Urak Lawoi is built upon the animistic belief of their ancestors. In the last 20 years Ko Lanta has experienced a tremendous process of change caused by increasing tourism. The conditions of the Urak Lawoi and their way of life have dramatically changed. The fact that this process brings consequences for the traditional culture and religion is obvious, but in what direction is it developing? To be able to interpret and expound the material from my field studies among Urak Lawoi on Ko Lanta in October-December 2009, I have done a literature search to investigate the animistic traditions and the syncretistic nature of belief in Thailand. I have also tried to find theories about the process of religious change and the forces working behind them. In this essay I am trying to do a theoretical analysis of the field study material using theories and parallel examples I have found in the literature.