Orientador: Batista de Oliveira Junior / Resumo: O câncer de colo de útero é a sétima neoplasia maligna mais frequente no mundo e segundo tipo mais incidente na população feminina brasileira. O seu tratamento envolve a cirurgia, a radioterapia (RT) e, em caso mais avançados, o uso da concomitância com quimioterapia (RQT) com ganhos de sobrevida de 15-27%, bem descritos desde o final do século 20. O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo é avaliar a toxicidade aguda dos pacientes portadores de câncer de colo de útero fizeram RT e RQT durante o ano de 2016 no Hospital Amaral Carvalho de Jaú – SP. De 86 pacientes com idade média de 50 (variação 22-85), o braço teve 25 pacientes, e o RQT 61 pacientes. Completaram o tratamento 96% do grupo RT e 93% do grupo RQT, sendo que somente 73,41% do grupo RQT recebeu todo o tratamento como o planejado. A toxicidade aguda acometeu 73% dos pacientes, sendo 47% com somente um sintoma e 27% com dois ou mais. Somente 14,3% dos eventos foram de toxicidade grave, graus III e IV, todos do grupo RQT. A toxicidade mais frequente foi a cistite (41,8% RQT Vs 32%RT), seguido de diarreia (23% RQT Vs 16%RT) e vômitos (16% RQT Vs 8%RT). Nenhuma pausa foi registrada em decorrência de toxicidade. O tratamento de radioquimioterapia apresenta mais toxicidade aguda do que a radioterapia isolada, mas todas são reversíveis e não o contraindicam. / Mestre

Submitted by Lucas Veloso Teixeira Bessa (lucasvelosob@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-07-19T17:35:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de Dissertação Lucas Veloso.pdf: 1141396 bytes, checksum: 33a8f8c15961dbee77efcaeb331998bf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Pizzani null (luciana@btu.unesp.br) on 2018-07-19T18:05:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bessa_lvt_me_bot.pdf: 1141396 bytes, checksum: 33a8f8c15961dbee77efcaeb331998bf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-19T18:05:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bessa_lvt_me_bot.pdf: 1141396 bytes, checksum: 33a8f8c15961dbee77efcaeb331998bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-28 / O câncer de colo de útero é a sétima neoplasia maligna mais frequente no mundo e segundo tipo mais incidente na população feminina brasileira. O seu tratamento envolve a cirurgia, a radioterapia (RT) e, em caso mais avançados, o uso da concomitância com quimioterapia (RQT) com ganhos de sobrevida de 15-27%, bem descritos desde o final do século 20. O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo é avaliar a toxicidade aguda dos pacientes portadores de câncer de colo de útero fizeram RT e RQT durante o ano de 2016 no Hospital Amaral Carvalho de Jaú – SP. De 86 pacientes com idade média de 50 (variação 22-85), o braço teve 25 pacientes, e o RQT 61 pacientes. Completaram o tratamento 96% do grupo RT e 93% do grupo RQT, sendo que somente 73,41% do grupo RQT recebeu todo o tratamento como o planejado. A toxicidade aguda acometeu 73% dos pacientes, sendo 47% com somente um sintoma e 27% com dois ou mais. Somente 14,3% dos eventos foram de toxicidade grave, graus III e IV, todos do grupo RQT. A toxicidade mais frequente foi a cistite (41,8% RQT Vs 32%RT), seguido de diarreia (23% RQT Vs 16%RT) e vômitos (16% RQT Vs 8%RT). Nenhuma pausa foi registrada em decorrência de toxicidade. O tratamento de radioquimioterapia apresenta mais toxicidade aguda do que a radioterapia isolada, mas todas são reversíveis e não o contraindicam. / Cervical cancer is the seventh most frequent neoplasm in the world and the second most frequent type in the Brazilian female population. Its treatment involves surgery, radiotherapy (RT) and, in more advanced cases, the concomitance use of chemotherapy (CRT) with survival gains of 15-27%, well described since the end of the 20th century. The objective of this retrospective study is to evaluate the acute toxicity of patients with cervical cancer who underwent RT and CRT during the year 2016 at Hospital Amaral Carvalho de Jaú - SP. Of 86 patients with a mean age of 50 (range 22-85), the RT arm had 25 patients, and the CRT 61 patients. Nine six percent of the RT group completed the treatment and 93% of the CRT, and only 73.41% of the CRT group received all the treatment as planned. Acute toxicity affected 73% of patients, 47% with only one symptom and 27% with two or more. Only 14,3% of the events were of severe toxicity, grades III and IV, all in CRT group. The most frequent toxicity was cystitis (38% RQT Vs 32% RT), followed by diarrhea (23% RQT Vs 16% RT) and vomiting (16% RQT Vs 8% RT). No pause was recorded as a result of toxicity. The treatment of radiochemotherapy has more acute toxicity than isolated radiotherapy, but all are reversible and do not contraindicate it.

INTRODUÇÃO: A maioria dos pacientes com CECP é diagnosticada em estágios avançados da doença, apresentando taxas de sobrevida insatisfatórias. Em carcinomas localmente avançados e irressecáveis, o tratamento padrão na rotina do ICESP é a QRT a base de cisplatina. Entretanto, cerca de dois terços desses pacientes apresentam recidiva local, à distância ou óbito em cinco anos. Entender os mecanismos de resistência a QRT e descobrir marcadores que possam indicar resposta ao tratamento continuam sendo um desafio. Os microRNAs possuem papel chave nos mecanismos de resistência a QRT, sendo possível quantificá-los em saliva. Neste estudo avaliamos a expressão de microRNAs na saliva de pacientes com CEC de cavidade oral e orofaringe e se esses microRNAs estão contidos dentro de microvesículas. MÉTODOS: Por meio de revisão da literatura e análises in sílico, selecionamos 8 microRNAs para serem avaliados: miR-15a-5p, 21-5p, 23a-3p, 125b-5p, 142-3p, 200b-3p, 296-5p e 503-5p. A expressão dos microRNAs foi determinada por PCR quantitativo na saliva livre de células de 70 pacientes portadores de CEC de cavidade oral e orofaringe localmente avançado e irressecável, em diferentes estágios da progressão da doença: antes de iniciar tratamento (G1), com falha do tratamento (G2) e livre da doença há 2 anos (G3) e em 28 voluntários sadios (G0). Microvesículas foram isolados por ultracentrifugação ou exoQuick, analisados por Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão (MET), Nanosight e para determinação da expressão do miR-21-5p. RESULTADOS: Os miRs-296-5p e 503-5p foram indetectáveis na maioria das amostras testadas. Quando comparamos os grupos em diferentes situações clínicas, encontramos diferença significativa na expressão do miR-21-5p (p=0.005), miR-23a-3p (p=0,026), miR-125-5p (p=0,013), miR-142-3p (p=0,033) e miR-200b-3p (p=0,031). Observou-se aumento na expressão dos miRs 21-5p (p=0,001), 23a-3p (p=0,004), 125b-5p (p=0,026) e 142-3p (p=0,005) na saliva dos pacientes em G1 em relação ao voluntários sadios (G0). O grupo G3 também apresentou maior expressão do mir-21-5p (p=0,018), 125b-5p (p=0,002) e 200b-3p (p=0,014) comparado ao G0, assim como o grupo G2 teve maior expressão do mir-15a-5p (p=0,023) e 23a-3p (p=0,017) comparado ao grupo G0. O grupo G2 apresentou menor expressão do miR-200b-3p (p= 0,019) e maior expressão do miR-15a-5p (p=0,057) em relação ao grupo G3. Além disso, os pacientes tabagistas e/ou etilistas apresentaram maior expressão relativa do miR-21-5p (p=0,001 e p=0,046, respectivamente) e os etilistas também tiveram maior expressão do miR-200b-3p (p=0,013). Com relação à resposta inicial do paciente ao tratamento avaliada pelo médico bem como, com a resposta a longo prazo (recidiva, status global e prognóstico), a expressão dos miR-15a-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-23a-3p e miR-142-3p apresentaram associação com sobrevida livre de progressão e sobrevida global, porém não atingiram significância estatística. Microvesículas foram detectadas na saliva tanto na MET como na contagem no nanosight. A expressão do miR-21-5p foi predominantemente detectada dentro de microveículas em relação ao sobrenadante livre de vesículas. CONCLUSÕES: Alguns dos microRNAs analisados foram diferencialmente expressos entre os diferentes grupos estudados, a expressão do miR-21 foi associada ao tabagismo e etilismo e a do miR-200b com etilismo e a expressão de alguns microRNAs podem estar associadas à resposta ao tratamento e ao prognóstico dos pacientes / BACKGROUND: Most patients with HNSCC are diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease, with unsatisfactory survival rates. In locally advanced and unresectable carcinoma, the standard treatment in ICESP is cisplatin based QRT. However, about two-thirds of these patients have local recurrence, distance or death within five years. Understanding the QRT resistance mechanisms and discovery of markers that may indicate benefit of treatment is a great challenge. MicroRNAs have key role in the mechanisms of QRT resistance and are detectable in saliva. In the present study we analyzed the expression of microRNAs in the saliva from oral cavity/oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and whether these microRNAs are contained within exosomes. METHODS: Through a review of studies in the literature and by in silico analysis, we choose 8 microRNAs to be evaluated: miR-15a-5p, 21-5p, 23a-3p, 125b-5p, 142-3p, 200b-3p, 296-5p and 503-5p. The expression of microRNAs was determined by quantitative PCR in the cell-free saliva from 70 locally advanced and unresectable OSCC patients at different stages of disease progression: treatment naive (G1), after treatment failure (G2) and disease free for at least 2 years (G3) and 28 healthy volunteers (G0). Exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation or exoQuick, analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (MET), Nanosight quantification and by determination of the miR-21-5p expression. RESULTS: The miRs-296-5p and 503-5p were undetectable in almost all saliva samples. Significant differences was observed in the expression of miR-21-5p (p=0.005), miR-23a-3p (p=0.026), miR-125-5p (p=0.013) miR-142-3p (p=0.033) and miR-200b-3p (p=0.031) among the groups analyzed. The expression of miRs 21-5p (p=0.001), 23a-3p (p=0.004), 125b-5p (p=0.026) and 142-3p (p=0.005) were high in saliva of G1 patients as compared to heath volunteers (G0). The G3 group also showed higher expression of mir-21-5p (p=0.018), 125b-5p (p=0.002) and 200b-3p (p=0.014) and G2 presented higher expression of miR-15a-5p (p=0.023) and 23a-3p (p=0.017) as both compared to the G0. The group G2 presented lower expression of the miR-200b-3p (p=0.019) and higher expression of the miR-15a-5p (p=0.057) as compared to the G3 group. In addition, saliva from the smokers and/or drinkers patients showed high relative expression of the miR-21-5p (p=0.001 e p=0.046; respectively) compared to former drinker/smokers and drinkers also showed high expression of the miR-200b-3p (p=0.013). In relation to the initial response to treatment assessed by the physician, as well the long-term response (relapse, global status and prognosis), the expression of the miR-15a-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-23a-3p e miR-142-3p showed association with progression-free survival and overall survival, however did not reach statistical significance. Microvesicles were detected in saliva by both MET as the count in nanosight. The expression of the miR-21-5p was predominantly detected in microvesicles in relation to the supernatant. CONCLUSIONS: Some of the microRNAs analyzed were differentially expressed between the different groups, the expression of the miR-21 was associated with smoking and drinking habits and of the miR-200b with drinking habits and the expression of some microRNAs may be associated with the treatment response and prognosis of the patients

INTRODUÇÃO: Osteopontina (OPN) é uma glicoproteína presente em tecidos e fluidos orgânicos e envolvida em vários processos patológicos que incluem inflamação, proliferação celular, invasão da matriz extracelular, progressão tumoral e metástase. Em pacientes (pts) portadores de carcinoma epidermóide de cabeça e pescoço (CECCP), OPN tem sido associada a uma maior agressividade tumoral e empregada como marcador prognóstico. Nós investigamos o valor prognóstico e preditivo da OPN sérica em pacientes portadores de CECCP tratados de forma uniforme. MÉTODOS: Estudo longitudinal prospectivo de 47 pts portadores de CECCP localmente avançado e irressecável submetidos à quimioterapia e radioterapia. OPN sérica foi determinada pelo método ELISA (kit 1 com17 pts e kit 2 com 30 pts) com coleta realizada antes e após o término do tratamento e estudada a relação entre OPN, categorizada como alta ou baixa em relação ao valor mediano, e as características clínico-patológicas, resposta ao tratamento, sobrevida global (SG) e sobrevida livre de progressão (SLP). RESULTADOS: A OPN sérica mediana dos pacientes determinada pelo kit 1 (em ng/ml) foi de 2,1 e 1,9 pré e pós-tratamento, respectivamente; no kit 2 (em ng/ml) foi de 69,5 e 87,9 pré e pós-tratamento, respectivamente. Pacientes portadores de tumores de orofaringe foram mais freqüentemente associados a baixos níveis séricos de OPN pós-tratamento, em comparação com outros sub-sítios (p=0,03). Observada tendência à associação entre os valores séricos baixos de osteopontina pós-tratamento e a resposta tratamento (p=0,06). Houve associação entre os valores elevados da osteopontina pós-tratamento e menor SLP (p=0,09, log rank), com medianas de 11,9 meses e 14,5 meses, conforme valores séricos de OPN pós-tratamento altos e baixos, respectivamente. Não houve associação dos valores séricos de OPN pré e pós-tratamento e a SG (p=0,19 e p= 0,10, respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: Neste grupo de pacientes portadores de CECCP, sugere-se que OPN sérica baixa após a quimioradioterapia associa-se à resposta ao tratamento e melhor SLP. / INTRODUCTION: Osteopontin (OPN) is a glycoprotein present in tissues and body fluids involved in several pathological processes that include inflammation, cell proliferation, invasion of the extracellular matrix, tumor progression and metastasis. In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients, OPN has been associated with greater tumor aggressiveness and used as a prognostic marker. We investigated the prognostic and predictive value of plasma OPN in homogeneously treated (HNSCC) patients. METHODS: Longitudinal prospective study of 47 patients with locally advanced and inoperable HNSCC treated with exclusive platin based concomitant chemoradiotherapy. Plasma OPN was determined by ELISA (n=14 kit I, n=32 kit II) pre and postreatment and correlated with tumor response, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: Median OPN levels in ng/ml were 2,1 and 1,9 pre and postreatment, respectively, by kit I and 69,5 and 87,9 by kit II. Patients were categorized as OPN low or high, using the median as a cut-off point. Patients with oropharynx tumors, as compared to other subsites, were more frequently categorized as low OPN (p = 0,03). A low postreatment OPN level was associated with tumor response (p = 0,06) and a high postreatment OPN level was associated with poor PFS, 11.9 vs. 14.5 months (p=0.09, log rank). Mean OS was 16.2 and 13.7 months in low and high postreatment OPN pts, respectively (p=0.10, log rank). CONCLUSIONS: In this group of HNSCC patients, it is suggested that a low plasma OPN after chemoradiotherapy is associated with a lower response rate and a worse PFS.

Hintergrund: Die Prognose von Patienten mit einem Plattenepithelkarzinom des Kopf-Hals-Bereichs konnte trotz multimodaler Therapieregime in den letzten Jahren nicht wesentlich verbessert werden. Neue Therapieansätze sind also von hoher Bedeutung. Methoden: In dieser Arbeit wurde ein Patientenkollektiv von 66 Patienten untersucht, welches im Zeitraum von Oktober 2010 bis Oktober 2012 wegen eines Plattenepithelkarzinoms des Kopf-Hals-Bereichs mit einer konkomitanten Radiochemotherapie (RCT) in der Abteilung für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie der Universitätsmedizin Göttingen behandelt wurde. Die Plasmen dieser Patienten wurden zu drei unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten der Behandlung auf das Vorliegen der vier Chemokine CCL2, CCL5, CCL20 und CXCL12 und des Akut-Phase-Zytokins IL-6 und deren Konzentrationsveränderungen während der RCT mittels ELISA (Enzyme-linked-Immunosorbent-Assay) untersucht. Dabei wurde sowohl ein möglicher Zusammenhang zwischen der Konzentration und der Behandlungsmodalität als auch ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Konzentration und dem Lymphknotenstatus analysiert.  Ergebnisse: Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen sowohl, dass CCL2 im Plasma dieses Kollektivs nachweisbar ist, als auch einen signifikanten Anstieg der CCL2-Konzentration während einer RCT. Bei Patienten, die zu Beginn der Therapie noch einen manifesten Tumor hatten, ließ sich ein signifikant niedrigerer CCL2-Spiegel messen als bei Patienten, die im adjuvanten Rahmen eine RCT erhielten. Im Vergleich der CCL2-Konzentrationen bei Patienten mit unterschiedlichem Lymphknotenstatus  konnten wir keine signifikanten Werte messen. Während der RCT maßen wir einen signifikanten Abfall der CCL5-Konzentration im Plasma. Patienten, die aufgrund der Ausdehnung des Tumors inoperabel waren, hatten signifikant höhere CCL5-Spiegel als Patienten, die vor Beginn der RCT operiert wurden. Ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen einem positiven oder negativen Lymphknotenstatus ließ sich bei CCL5 nicht feststellen. Die CCL20-Konzentration fiel während der RCT signifikant ab. Ein Vergleich des unterschiedlichen Lymphknotenstatus zeigte keine Signifikanz. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen weiterhin, dass die CXCL12-Konzentration nicht signifikant während einer RCT anstieg. Der Unterschied der CXCL12-Konzentration getrennt nach positivem oder negativem Lymphknotenstatus war ebenfalls nicht signifikant. Während einer RCT analysierten wir einen signifikanten Anstieg der IL-6-Konzentration. Die Konzentration des Akut-Phase-Zytokins war zu zwei Zeitpunkten unserer Messung in primär behandelten Patientenplasmen signifikant höher als in adjuvant behandelten Patientenplasmen. Einen signifikanten Unterschied der IL-6-Konzentration zwischen einem positiven oder negativen Lymphknotenstatus konnten wir nicht messen. Diskussion: Die klinische Relevanz der dargestellten Ergebnisse ist aufgrund der einfach zugänglichen Probengewinnung und Methodik und einer möglichen Verwendung als Biomarker für das Tumoransprechen und die Prognose als hoch einzuschätzen. Wie in dieser Arbeit z. B. bei dem Chemokin CCL5 gezeigt, könnte es in Zukunft von klinischer Bedeutung sein, eine individualisierte Therapie für Patienten mit unterschiedlichem Krankheitsstadium (Inoperabilität oder Operabilität des Tumors) etablieren zu können. In der vorgelegten Arbeit ließ sich eine signifikant höhere CCL5-Konzentration im Plasma bei Patienten mit Vorliegen des Primärtumors messen im Vergleich zu Patientenplasma, welches adjuvant behandelt wurde. Dies könnte ein Hinweis darauf sein, dass CCL5 direkt vom bestehenden Tumor ins Blut sezerniert wird und somit auch als möglicher Biomarker in der Diagnose und Therapie des Kopf-Hals-Malignoms genutzt werden könnte.  Sollten sich durch weiterführende Untersuchungen die hier beschriebenen Effekte bestätigen, ist die Anwendung im klinischen Alltag als eine sinnvolle Ergänzung zur bisherigen Behandlung in der Therapie von Patienten mit einem Malignom des Kopf-Hals-Bereichs denkbar.

Die vorliegende retrospektive Studie zur postoperativen Radiochemothera-pie bei fortgeschrittenen Kopf-Hals-Tumoren sollte die eigenen Ergebnisse mit den prospektiv-randomisierten Studien vergleichend darlegen und dabei den Nutzen einer Radiochemotherapie überprüfen. Insgesamt wurden 155 Patienten in der retrospektiven Analyse eingeschlossen. Die Überlebens- und Rezidivraten des Patientengutes konnten anlehnend zu den publizier-ten Studien reproduziert werden. Ein Vorteil der Radiochemotherapie in Bezug nehmend auf den posttherapeutischen Verlauf konnte hierbei nicht festgestellt werden. Es traten signifikant vermehrt höhergradige Akutne-benwirkungen nach Applizierung der simultanen, systemischen Therapie auf. Die Arbeit konnte zeigen, dass sich durch die Reduzierung der Gesamt-behandungszeit als auch des Intervalls zwischen Operation und Beginn der adjuvanten Therapie das Gesamtüberleben sowie die lokoregionäre Rezidiv-rate signifikant verbessern ließen. Insgesamt scheinen die Fernmetastasie-rungen und die lokoregionären Rezidive maßgebend für die immer noch un-befriedigenden Überlebensraten zu sein. Gegenstand weiterer Untersu-chungen sollte daher die Optimierung der prätherapeutischen Diagnostik sowie der adjuvanten Therapie sein.

Problématique : Bien que le tabac et l’alcool soient les facteurs causaux principaux des cancers épidermoïdes de l’oropharynx, le virus du papillome humain (VPH) serait responsable de l’augmentation récente de l’incidence de ces cancers, particulièrement chez les patients jeunes et/ou non-fumeurs. La prévalence du VPH à haut risque, essentiellement de type 16, est passée de 20% à plus de 60% au cours des vingt dernières années. Certaines études indiquent que les cancers VPH-positifs ont un meilleur pronostic que les VPH- négatifs, mais des données prospectives à cet égard sont rares dans la littérature, surtout pour les études de phase III avec stratification basée sur les risques. Hypothèses et objectifs : Il est présumé que la présence du VPH est un facteur de bon pronostic. L’étude vise à documenter la prévalence du VPH dans les cancers de l’oropharynx, et à établir son impact sur le pronostic, chez des patients traités avec un schéma thérapeutique incluant la chimio-radiothérapie. Méthodologie : Les tumeurs proviennent de cas traités au CHUM pour des cancers épidermoïdes de la sphère ORL à un stade localement avancé (III, IVA et IVB). Elles sont conservées dans une banque tumorale, et les données cliniques sur l’efficacité du traitement et les effets secondaires, recueillies prospectivement. La présence du VPH est établie par biologie moléculaire déterminant la présence du génome VPH et son génotype. Résultats: 255 spécimens ont été soumis au test de génotypage Linear Array HPV. Après amplification par PCR, de l’ADN viral a été détecté dans 175 (68.6%) échantillons tumoraux ; le VPH de type 16 était impliqué dans 133 cas (52.25 %). Conclusion: Une proportion grandissante de cancers ORL est liée au VPH. Notre étude confirme que la présence du VPH est fortement associée à une amélioration du pronostic chez les patients atteints de cancers ORL traités par chimio-radiothérapie, et devrait être un facteur de stratification dans les essais cliniques comprenant des cas de cancers ORL. / Background: HPV is recognised as a good prognostic factor in head and neck (H&N) cancer. However, most of the data is derived from randomised trials with different treatment options or small heterogeneous cohorts. This trial aims to determine the prevalence and prognostic impact of HPV on overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), local regional control (LRC) and treatment toxicity, in patients with locally advanced SCCHN treated with concomitant platinum-based chemoradiation therapy (CRT) and followed prospectively. Methods: Prospective data on efficacy and toxicity was available for 560 patients treated with CRT. Of these, 270 fixed and paraffin embedded specimens were collected. DNA was extracted from specimens and HPV detection was performed as previously described (Coutlée, J Clin Microbiol, 2006). Analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, Fisher's test for categorical data and log-rank statistics for failure times. Results: Median follow-up was 4.7 years. DNA extraction was successful in 255 cases. HPV prevalence was 68.6%, and 53.3% for HPV-16 specifically. For HPV+ and HPV- respectively, median LRC were 8.9 and 2.2 years (log-rank p = 0.0002), median DFS were 8.9 and 2.1 years (log-rank p=0.0014) and median OS were 8.9 and 3.1 years (log-rank p=0.0002). Survival was statistically significantly different based on HPV genotype, stage, treatment period and chemotherapy regimen. COX adjusted analysis for T, N, age, and treatment remained significant (HR 0.45, p=0.004). Subgroup analysis for genotype, TNM, primary site and chemotherapy regimen will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: An increasing proportion of oropharyngeal cancer is linked to HPV. This large study with confirms that HPV status is strongly associated with improved prognosis among H&N cancer patients receiving CRT, and should be a stratification factor for clinical trials including H&N cases. Toxicity of CRT is not modified for the HPV population.

Introdução: A quimiorradioterapia (QRT) concomitante baseada em cisplatina é uma opção de tratamento empregada para os pacientes com carcinoma epidermoide de cabeça e pescoço (CECCP) localmente avançado e com bom performance status, seja em caráter adjuvante ou definitivo. O ganho de sobrevida com esta modalidade de tratamento é acompanhado de aumento das toxicidades agudas em comparação com a radioterapia isolada. A ocorrência de toxicidades tardias é menos reportada na literatura e incluem xerostomia, disfagia, hipotireoidismo, ototoxicidade, fístula/necrose cutânea, dentre outras. Tais sequelas tardias podem comprometer a qualidade de vida do sobrevivente ao CECCP. Objetivos: Verificar a prevalência de toxicidades tardias em sobreviventes ao CECCP tratados com QRT baseada em cisplatina. Métodos: Estudo transversal, uni-institucional, que incluiu de forma sequencial pacientes acima de 18 anos, tratados para CECCP (sítios primários: nasofaringe, orofaringe, cavidade oral, hipofaringe e laringe) e que haviam recebido QRT adjuvante ou definitiva, baseada em cisplatina. Estes pacientes estavam em seguimento há pelo menos 2 anos, sem evidência de doença. Os pacientes realizaram audiometria, endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA), nasofibrolaringoscopia da deglutição (NFL), exames laboratoriais (toxicidade tireoidiana e renal). Os pacientes incluídos também foram examinados clinicamente e as toxicidades apresentadas foram graduadas de acordo com a escala de toxicidades tardias do RTOG/EORTC. Os sobreviventes foram ainda avaliados quanto à percepção das toxicidades através de um inventário de sintomas e responderam questionários de qualidade de vida. Resultados: De janeiro de 2014 a fevereiro de 2017, 120 pacientes assinaram o TCLE. A idade mediana dos pacientes é 59 anos (21-78), com predomínio do sexo masculino (73%) e da cor branca (58%). Antecedente de tabagismo foi referido por 80% da amostra e de etilismo por 63%. Referente ao sítio primário, a maioria dos pacientes apresenta tumor em orofaringe (42%), seguido por laringe (23%) e cavidade oral (19%). O tempo de seguimento mediano é 42 meses (24-125). Há predomínio de pacientes com doença localmente avançada, tumores T3/T4 em 75% da amostra e N+ em 72%. A dose mediana de cisplatina recebida durante a concomitância foi 300 mg/m² (100-300) e de radioterapia foi 70 Gy (60-70,4). A QRT foi oferecida em caráter adjuvante em 49% da amostra. As toxicidades mais relatadas pelos pacientes foram: xerostomia (83%), alteração na voz (74%), saliva pegajosa (73%) e disfagia (73%). Ao se graduar as toxicidades conforme escala do RTOG/EORTC, verificou-se que a maioria das toxicidades apresentadas eram de graus leves, 1 ou 2. EDA encontrou estenose faríngea em 10% dos pacientes e NFL identificou fibrose em 37% dos sobreviventes. Dos pacientes submetidos a audiometria, 42% apresentaram perda auditiva de possível causa ototóxica. Cerca de 14% dos sobreviventes apresentam clearance de creatinina estimado < 60 mL/min/1,73m². Conclusões: Toxicidades tardias foram frequentemente reportadas pelos sobreviventes ao CECCP após QRT, porém, na maioria das vezes, de intensidade leve (graus 1 ou 2). Após a QRT, um seguimento cuidadoso é essencial para diagnóstico precoce e reabilitação a essas toxicidades, a fim de preservar a funcionalidade e qualidade de vida dos pacientes / Background: Cisplatin based CRT is the standard therapy for patients with locally advanced HNSCC with good performance status either as adjuvant or as definitive treatment. The survival gain with this treatment modality is accompanied by an increase in acute toxicities in comparison with isolated radiotherapy. The occurrence of LT is less reported in the literature and includes xerostomia, dysphagia, hypothyroidism, ototoxicity, cutaneous fistula / necrosis, among others. Such late sequelae may compromise the survivor\'s quality of life. Endpoints: To verify the prevalence of late toxicities in HNSCC survivors treated with cisplatin based CRT. Methods: A cross-sectional study that sequentially included patients over 18 years of age who were previously treated for HNSCC (primary sites: nasopharynx, oropharynx, oral cavity, hypopharynx and larynx) and who had received either adjuvant or definitive cisplatin based CRT. These patients were in follow-up for at least 2 years, with no evidence of disease. The patients underwent audiometry, upper GI endoscopy, nasopharyngolaryngoscopy (NPL), laboratory tests (thyroid and kidney toxicity). The included patients were also clinically assessed for mucous membrane, skin, subcutaneous tissue, salivary gland, larynx and esophagus LT according to the RTOG/EORTC Late Radiation Morbidity Scoring Schema. All patients answered a questionnaire about their perception of LT through a symptoms inventory and also answered QoL questionnaires. Results: From January 2014 to February 2017, 120 patients signed the informed consent form. The mean age of the patients is 59 years (21-78), predominantly male (73%) and white (58%). Previous smoking habits were reported by 80% of the sample and alcohol consumption by 63%. Most common primary sites were oropharynx (42%), followed by larynx (23%) and oral cavity (19%). The median follow-up time is 42 months (24-125). There was a predominance of locally advanced disease, T3 / T4 tumors in 75% of the sample and N + in 72%. The median cisplatin dose during concomitance was 300 mg/m² (100-300) and the median radiotherapy delivered dose was 70Gy (60-70.4). CRT was delivered as an adjuvant treatment in 49% of the sample. The most frequently selfreported LT were xerostomia (83%), voice disorders (74%), sticky saliva (73%) and dysphagia (73%). Assessing the toxicities according to the RTOG / EORTC scale most of them were mild, grade 1-2. Upper GI endoscopy diagnosed stenosis in 10% of the patients and NPL identified fibrosis in 37% of the survivors. Audiometry identified ototoxic hearing loss in 42% of the sample. About 14% of the survivors present chronic kidney disease (an estimated creatinine clearance < 60 mL/min/1.73m²). Conclusion: High rates of self-reported LT were detected although most of them seem to be mild. After CRT, a close follow-up of HNSCC patients is essential for early diagnosis, treatment of these late sequelae and rehabilitation, in order to preserve QoL and functionality and to avoid lifethreatening conditions and social reclusion

Problématique : Bien que le tabac et l’alcool soient les facteurs causaux principaux des cancers épidermoïdes de l’oropharynx, le virus du papillome humain (VPH) serait responsable de l’augmentation récente de l’incidence de ces cancers, particulièrement chez les patients jeunes et/ou non-fumeurs. La prévalence du VPH à haut risque, essentiellement de type 16, est passée de 20% à plus de 60% au cours des vingt dernières années. Certaines études indiquent que les cancers VPH-positifs ont un meilleur pronostic que les VPH- négatifs, mais des données prospectives à cet égard sont rares dans la littérature, surtout pour les études de phase III avec stratification basée sur les risques. Hypothèses et objectifs : Il est présumé que la présence du VPH est un facteur de bon pronostic. L’étude vise à documenter la prévalence du VPH dans les cancers de l’oropharynx, et à établir son impact sur le pronostic, chez des patients traités avec un schéma thérapeutique incluant la chimio-radiothérapie. Méthodologie : Les tumeurs proviennent de cas traités au CHUM pour des cancers épidermoïdes de la sphère ORL à un stade localement avancé (III, IVA et IVB). Elles sont conservées dans une banque tumorale, et les données cliniques sur l’efficacité du traitement et les effets secondaires, recueillies prospectivement. La présence du VPH est établie par biologie moléculaire déterminant la présence du génome VPH et son génotype. Résultats: 255 spécimens ont été soumis au test de génotypage Linear Array HPV. Après amplification par PCR, de l’ADN viral a été détecté dans 175 (68.6%) échantillons tumoraux ; le VPH de type 16 était impliqué dans 133 cas (52.25 %). Conclusion: Une proportion grandissante de cancers ORL est liée au VPH. Notre étude confirme que la présence du VPH est fortement associée à une amélioration du pronostic chez les patients atteints de cancers ORL traités par chimio-radiothérapie, et devrait être un facteur de stratification dans les essais cliniques comprenant des cas de cancers ORL. / Background: HPV is recognised as a good prognostic factor in head and neck (H&N) cancer. However, most of the data is derived from randomised trials with different treatment options or small heterogeneous cohorts. This trial aims to determine the prevalence and prognostic impact of HPV on overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), local regional control (LRC) and treatment toxicity, in patients with locally advanced SCCHN treated with concomitant platinum-based chemoradiation therapy (CRT) and followed prospectively. Methods: Prospective data on efficacy and toxicity was available for 560 patients treated with CRT. Of these, 270 fixed and paraffin embedded specimens were collected. DNA was extracted from specimens and HPV detection was performed as previously described (Coutlée, J Clin Microbiol, 2006). Analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, Fisher's test for categorical data and log-rank statistics for failure times. Results: Median follow-up was 4.7 years. DNA extraction was successful in 255 cases. HPV prevalence was 68.6%, and 53.3% for HPV-16 specifically. For HPV+ and HPV- respectively, median LRC were 8.9 and 2.2 years (log-rank p = 0.0002), median DFS were 8.9 and 2.1 years (log-rank p=0.0014) and median OS were 8.9 and 3.1 years (log-rank p=0.0002). Survival was statistically significantly different based on HPV genotype, stage, treatment period and chemotherapy regimen. COX adjusted analysis for T, N, age, and treatment remained significant (HR 0.45, p=0.004). Subgroup analysis for genotype, TNM, primary site and chemotherapy regimen will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: An increasing proportion of oropharyngeal cancer is linked to HPV. This large study with confirms that HPV status is strongly associated with improved prognosis among H&N cancer patients receiving CRT, and should be a stratification factor for clinical trials including H&N cases. Toxicity of CRT is not modified for the HPV population.

The impact was assessed of clinical and nutritional factors on prognosis of 107 oesophageal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CHRT) and surgery. Individualised nutritional support, according to grade of dysphagia was carried out in all the patients. Serum leptin, soluble leptin receptors (SLR), TNF, IGF and fatty acid (FA) profiles in plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) were studied as well. Addition of paclitaxel to carboplatin and continual fluorouracil significantly increased toxicity without influencing efficacy of the treatment. Post-operative node negativity, grade of dysphagia, weight loss and serum albumin were proved to be prognostic factors of survival and time to progression. CHRT led to decrease of SLR, palmitoleic and oleic acid and increase of n-3 polyunsaturated FA in PC. Lower concentrations of SLR were associated with improved survival of the patients. Key words: oesophageal cancer, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, weight loss, paclitaxel, albumin, soluble leptin receptor, fatty acids