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Beskerming van kinderregte in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg in die lig van die Kinderwet 38 van 2005Celliers, Charmaine 07 February 2013 (has links)
Afrikaans text / Suid-Afrika het ‘n ver pad gekom sedert die 16de eeu in die erkenning en
ontwikkeling van kinderregte. Kinderregte word vandag ten volle erken in
die Grondwet, wat die hoogste gesag in die land is. Hierdie studie het ten
doel om die beskerming van kinderregte in die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg te
ondersoek, met verwysing na die rol wat internasionale reg, soos die
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (“die Konvensie”) en
die African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990 (“Afrika
Handves”) in die ontwikkeling van kinderregte gespeel het. Spesifieke
voorskrifte ingevolge waarvan die regte van kinders beskerm word is
ondersoek,insluitend artikel 28 van die Grondwet en sekere bepalings van
die Kinderwet. Weens die beperkte omvang van hierdie verhandeling, is
sekere afgebakende voorbeelde uit die Kinderwet ondersoek met
spesifieke verwysing na kinders se regte en tradisionele waardes soos
manlike besnydenis, vroulike besnydenis en maagdelikheidstoetse. Daar is
gekyk of die praktiese probleme op regeringsvlak, byvoorbeeld die
voorsiening en befondsing van maatskaplike dienste, die implementering
van die bepalings van die Kinderwet vertraag. Skrywer kom tot die slotsom
dat die bepalings van die Kinderwet alleenlik nie voldoende is om
effektiewe beskerming aan sekere groepe kinders te verleen nie en hierdie
probleme lei daartoe dat kinderregte nie behoorlik gerealiseer en
geïmplementeer word nie, en dat daar nie ‘n behoorlike balans tussen die
regte en verantwoordelikhede van die kind, die ouers en die staat bereik
word nie. Moontlike oplossings vir die probleem en tekortkominge in die
uitvoering van die Kinderwet word voorgestel in die slot hoofstuk. / South Africa has come a long way since the 16th century in the recognition
and development of children's rights. Children's rights are now fully
recognized in the Constitution, the supreme authority in the country. This
study aims to investigate the protection of children's rights in South African
law, with reference to the role of international law, such as the United
Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the African Charter on
the rights and Welfare of the child 1990, in the development of children's
rights. Specific provisions under which the rights of children protected is
examined, including Section 28 of the Constitution and certain provisions of
the Children’s Act. Due to the limited scope of this paper, some designated
examples from the Children’s Act are examined with particular reference to
children's rights and traditional values such as male circumcision, female
circumcision and virginity testing. It is looked at if whether the practical
problems experienced on government level, the provision and funding of
social services delay the implementation of the provisions of the Children's
Act .Author comes to the conclusion that the provisions of the Children
alone is not sufficient to ensure effective protection of the rights of certain
groups of children and that these problems led to children's rights not
properly realized and implemented, and that a proper balance between the
rights and responsibilities of the child, the parents and the state is not
reached. In the concluding chapter possible solutions to the problems and
shortcomings in the implementation of the Children’s Act is suggested. / Jurisprudence / LLM
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Assessering van die kind in die statutêre proses: `n gestaltbenaderingVerster, Blanche 30 November 2004 (has links)
Summary in Afrikaans and English / Although the rights of children in South Africa are being regulated by legislation, statistics prove that statutory services on behalf of children annually increase. Scientific accountable information regarding the child can be obtained by the assessment of the child. The purpose of this investigation was to identify the gaps in the existing assessment guidelines, as well as the needs of social workers regarding assessments. The sequential exploratory strategy was utilized, as quantitative data supported qualitative findings.
The investigation showed that minimal assessment literature is available in South Africa and internationally, although assessment is the basis evidence of the social worker. The biggest gap in assessment guidelines is that assessment does not carry weight in the court. There is a need for social workers to be trained in relevant assessment skills based on a specific frame of reference.
Gestalt therapy can provide a suitable theoretical frame of reference for assessment, and can serve as scientific foundation for social workers during the statutory process. A framework for an assessment guideline was thus proposed. / Ten spyte daarvan dat die regte van kinders in Suid-Afrika deur wette gereguleer word, bewys statistiek
dat statutere dienste aan kinders jaarliks toeneem. Wetenskaplik verantwoordbare inligting ten opsigte
van die kind kan bekom word deur die kind te assesseer. Die doel van hierdie ondersoek was om
leemtes wat in bestaande assesseringsriglyne is vas te stel, asook die behoeftes wat by maatskaplike
werkers ten opsigte van assessering bestaan. Die opeenvolgende verkennende strategie is tydens
hierdie ondersoek gevolg, aangesien kwantitatiewe data gebruik is om die kwalitatiewe bevindings te
ondersteun.
Die ondersoek het getoon dat min literatuur ten opsigte van assessering in Suid-Afrika en internasionaal
beskikbaar is, ten spyte daarvan dat assessering die basis van die getuienis van die maatskaplike
werker vorm. Die grootste leemte wat in assesseringsriglyne ge'identifiseer is, is die feit dat assessering
nie gewig in die hof dra nie. 'n Behoefte ten opsigte van opleiding in toepaslike assesseringsvaardighede
vanuit 'n spesifieke teoretiese verwysingsraamwerk bestaan.
Gestaltterapie kan 'n teoretiese verwysingsraamwerk vir assessering bied en kan dien as wetenskaplike
fundering vir optrede van maatskaplike werkers tydens die statutere proses. 'n Raamwerk vir 'n
assesseringsriglyn is voorgestel. / Social Work / M. Diac. (Play Therapy)
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Socio-educative implications of children's rightsMaluleka, John Shebabese 11 1900 (has links)
Most black rural schools in South Africa are beset with discipline and relationship problems
attributed to the way children interpret and exercise their rights. Children's misconceptions
of rights impede the operation of educational institutions. A literature study investigated the implications of children's rights on their relationships and behaviour. A qualitative investigation of the socio-educative implications of children's rights was conducted in two rural secondary schools in Mpumalanga. Data gathering was
done through participant observation, in-depth interviews with two principals and a tribal
chief, and focus group interviews with two groups of teachers, parents and learners. Data
were analysed, discussed and synthesised. The major findings emerged: limited understanding of rights and concomitant responsibilities and misconceptions of rights leading to the subversion of authority and
morality. Recommendations include that rights-education be introduced in schools to improve
children's understanding ofrights and to address negative social behaviour. Educators need
to be empowered to handle human rights issues within socio-educational institutions. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Socio-Education)
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Beskerming van kinderregte in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg in die lig van die Kinderwet 38 van 2005Celliers, Charmaine 07 February 2013 (has links)
Afrikaans text / Suid-Afrika het ‘n ver pad gekom sedert die 16de eeu in die erkenning en
ontwikkeling van kinderregte. Kinderregte word vandag ten volle erken in
die Grondwet, wat die hoogste gesag in die land is. Hierdie studie het ten
doel om die beskerming van kinderregte in die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg te
ondersoek, met verwysing na die rol wat internasionale reg, soos die
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (“die Konvensie”) en
die African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990 (“Afrika
Handves”) in die ontwikkeling van kinderregte gespeel het. Spesifieke
voorskrifte ingevolge waarvan die regte van kinders beskerm word is
ondersoek,insluitend artikel 28 van die Grondwet en sekere bepalings van
die Kinderwet. Weens die beperkte omvang van hierdie verhandeling, is
sekere afgebakende voorbeelde uit die Kinderwet ondersoek met
spesifieke verwysing na kinders se regte en tradisionele waardes soos
manlike besnydenis, vroulike besnydenis en maagdelikheidstoetse. Daar is
gekyk of die praktiese probleme op regeringsvlak, byvoorbeeld die
voorsiening en befondsing van maatskaplike dienste, die implementering
van die bepalings van die Kinderwet vertraag. Skrywer kom tot die slotsom
dat die bepalings van die Kinderwet alleenlik nie voldoende is om
effektiewe beskerming aan sekere groepe kinders te verleen nie en hierdie
probleme lei daartoe dat kinderregte nie behoorlik gerealiseer en
geïmplementeer word nie, en dat daar nie ‘n behoorlike balans tussen die
regte en verantwoordelikhede van die kind, die ouers en die staat bereik
word nie. Moontlike oplossings vir die probleem en tekortkominge in die
uitvoering van die Kinderwet word voorgestel in die slot hoofstuk. / South Africa has come a long way since the 16th century in the recognition
and development of children's rights. Children's rights are now fully
recognized in the Constitution, the supreme authority in the country. This
study aims to investigate the protection of children's rights in South African
law, with reference to the role of international law, such as the United
Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the African Charter on
the rights and Welfare of the child 1990, in the development of children's
rights. Specific provisions under which the rights of children protected is
examined, including Section 28 of the Constitution and certain provisions of
the Children’s Act. Due to the limited scope of this paper, some designated
examples from the Children’s Act are examined with particular reference to
children's rights and traditional values such as male circumcision, female
circumcision and virginity testing. It is looked at if whether the practical
problems experienced on government level, the provision and funding of
social services delay the implementation of the provisions of the Children's
Act .Author comes to the conclusion that the provisions of the Children
alone is not sufficient to ensure effective protection of the rights of certain
groups of children and that these problems led to children's rights not
properly realized and implemented, and that a proper balance between the
rights and responsibilities of the child, the parents and the state is not
reached. In the concluding chapter possible solutions to the problems and
shortcomings in the implementation of the Children’s Act is suggested. / Jurisprudence / LLM
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A child’s right to a basic education: a comparative studyChurr, Chrizell 04 February 2013 (has links)
Education is since the inception of the world regarded as the formal process by which
society conveys its accumulated knowledge, skills, customs and values from one generation to another. Today, education is a human right and the right to education and specifically the right to (a) basic education is acknowledged and emphasised worldwide.
In South Africa, the right to a basic education is entrenched in the Constitution and is
regarded as one of the most crucial constitutional rights, particularly because it promotes economical and social well-being. The protection of a child’s right to a basic education in terms of the South African Constitution together with the most important
international instruments pertaining to education will be extensively discussed and the
most important similarities and differences between, and challenges in the legal systems of South Africa, New Zealand and Namibia regarding a child’s right to (a) basic
education will be addressed with due consideration of factors such as early childhood
development and education, mother tongue education and HIV/AIDS which may affect a child’s right to (a) basic education. It is submitted that the success of any country, whether it is social, financial or economic success, depends on how its citizens are educated. Moreover, a good education system is crucial, not only for ensuring that its
populace are well educated, but also for optimal human development and for the maintenance and preservation of socially responsive economic and political systems.
Education is a life-long process and in order to give effect to the right to (a) basic
education, the adoption and implementation of the recommendations made throughout
this study are proposed. / Private Law / LL. D.
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Dealing with sexually abused children: a framework for social workers in the South African justice systemMakhubu, Lindiwe Yvonne 12 1900 (has links)
The South African Justice System is a broader system that brings law and order to society. This law and order also includes the constitutional rights of the sexually abused children. A special court dealing with cases of children who are sexually abused is functioning throughout the country.
The purpose of this study is to develop a framework for social workers working with children in these special courts. The problem identified is that in these courts no framework exists for social workers focusing on the guidance of the child through the processes of the Justice System. This includes the therapeutic guidance by means of brief or directive therapy.
The research methodology for this study focused on developmental research by using the Intervention research model of Rothman and Thomas (1994). The phases implemented in the study were Problem analysis and project planning, information gathering and synthesis and design.
Qualitative data was gathered by means of semi-structured interviews and integrated in phase two of the research report. A proto-type guideline was developed and needs to be evaluated in future research. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Play Therapy)
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Die impak van die MIV/VIGS-pandemie op sekere aspekte van die Suid-Afrikaanse kinderregLüneburg, Liezel 31 March 2008 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans / Die MIV/vigs-pandemie in Suid-Afiika- van die ergste in die wereld- toon geen tekens van
afname nie. Miljoene kinders is reeds of wees gelaat of hewig geaffekteer deur die magdom
impakte daarvan op gesinne en gemeenskappe. Die epidemie het voortdurend stygende
sterftesyfers tot gevolg en die hewige las van die siekte rus swaar op MIV-positiewe sowel as
MIV-negatiewe individue. Verder word tradisionele ondersteuningsnetwerke oorbelaai en/of
gaan hulle tot niet. Gesinne en gemeenskappe verloor hul ekonomiese, sosiale en kulturele
lewensvatbaarheid. Die pandemie hou, veral onder die armes, 'n geweldige bedreiging vir die
gesondheid, welstand en regte van babas, kinders en jongmense in. 'n Groot gedeelte van die
impak van MIV/vigs hou verband met die feit dat sommige kinders en hul gesinne beperkte
toegang tot die elemente van 'n gesonde omgewing en goeie gesondheid het. Regerings,
gemeenskappe en gesinne wat deur MIV/vigs geraak word, het minder tyd, energie en
finansiële hulpbronne beskikbaar om op voorkomende gesondheidsorg te fokus. Benewens die
impak op gesondheidstatus, word kinders se omstandighede ook as gevolg van MIV/vigsverwante
probleme bemoeilik. Dit sluit verhoogde gesinsarmoede, 'n hoer risiko van verlating
en weeslating, geforseerde migrasie, onterwing, sielkundige trauma, uitsluiting en
diskriminasie, en fisiese en seksuele mishandeling in. Die derde vlaag van die epidemie, welke
vlaag nou betree word, word gekenmerk deur 'n ontsettende hoe sterftesyfer, 'n ontploffing in
die getal sorgbehoewende en weeskinders en 'n verhoging in menslike pyn en lyding. Die reg
speel 'n baie belangrike rol in die beperking van hierdie impak van die MIV/vigs-pandemie op
die lewens van alle kinders. MIV/vigs-reg is in die proses van evolusie of vorming en reeds
bestaande teorieë kan aangewend word ten einde sekere vrae te beantwoord en probleme
daaromtrent aan te spreek. Tog is daar 'n dringende behoefte aan MIV/vigs-spesifieke
wetgewing en teorieë ten einde die impak van die pandemie op alle vlakke suksesvol te
beheer. Verder het die Kinderreg so 'n mate van ontwikkeling bereik dat daar algemeen
aanvaar word dat kinders 'n spesiale belangegroep binne die gemeenskap vorm. Die regsreëls
met betrekking tot kinders verander gedurig en is ook nie geskik om volgens die tradisionele
wyse, as privaat- of publiekreg, geklassifiseer te word nie. In die hieropvolgende proefskrif
word die impak van MIV/vigs op sekere publiekregtelike, maar oorwegend privaatregtelike
aspekte van die Suid-Afiikaanse kinderreg ondersoek, sowel as enkele metodes waarop die
reg moontlik hierdie impak kan absorbeer en hanteer. Daar word ook in aparte hoofstukke na
die impak van MIV/vigs op die lewens van kinders. sorgbehoewende kinders, egskeiding en
die ouer-kind-verhouding verwys
The HIV/aids pandemic in South Africa - one of the worst in the world - does not seem to be decreasing. Millions of children have already been either orphaned or heavily affected by the numerous impacts on families and communities associated with it. The epidemic brings on an ever-increasing mortality rate and the extreme burden thereof weighs down heavily on HIV-positive as well as HIV-negative individuals. Traditional support networks are further being heavily burdened or perish entirely. Families and communities lose their economical, social and cultural viability. The pandemic threatens, especially among the poorest, the health, wellbeing and rights of infants, children and young people. The impact of HIV/aids is to a great extent the result of the fact that some children and their families do not have sufficient access to a healthy environment and good health. Governments, communities and families affected by HIV/aids have less time, energy and financial resources available in order to enable them to focus on preventive healthcare. In addition to the impact on health status, children's circumstances are also being encumbered by HIV/aids-related problems, including family poverty, a higher risk of being abandoned or orphaned, forced migration, disinheritance, psychological trauma, ostracism and discrimination and physical and sexual abuse. The third wave of the epidemic, which wave is presently being experienced, is characterised by a high mortality rate, an increasing amount of children in need of care and orphaned children and an increase in human pain and suffering. The law plays an important role in the limitation of the impact of the HIV/aids pandemic on the lives of children. HIV/aids law is in the process of evolution or forming and existing theories can be used in order to answer certain questions and address certain issues relating to it. However, there is an urgent need for HIV/aids-specific legislation and theories in order to successfully manage the impact of the pandemic on all levels. Child law has also reached such an extent of development that children is now viewed as a special interest group within the community. The legal principles regarding children change constantly and cannot be classified in the traditional way, which is either as private or public law. In this thesis the impact of HIV/aids on certain aspects of the public and private law pertaining to children is examined. Ways in which the impact can be absorbed and managed by the law is also examined. The impact of HIV/aids on divorce, the parent-child relationship, children in need of care, and the impact of HIV/aids on the lives of children is examined in separate chapters. / Jurisprudence / LL. D.
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A transdisciplinary approach to dealing with child offenders with psychiatric disordersGeoffrey, Leandre Christina 12 1900 (has links)
This study aimed to develop a framework for improved legislation, methods of practice and services used to meet the best interest of child offenders with psychiatric disorders within the South African child justice system. This aim was achieved via a qualitative study, which evaluated child justice and mental health legislation, methods of practice, role-players, and services in South Africa, and compared same to those in Namibia, Botswana, and Nigeria; to establish if the best interest of child offenders with psychiatric disorders are currently met from a South African perspective.
Data collection occurred in two phases: a document analysis of legislation, policies, and procedures in the selected comparative jurisdictions; followed by semi-structured interviews with child justice and mental health experts. During phase one the researcher analysed child justice and mental health legislation, human rights protections, and policy related to child justice in Nigeria, Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa. In addition, she interrogated literature relating to child justice and mental health, in comparative jurisdictions. This phase formed the foundation for the semi-structured interview schedule. Purposive and theoretical sampling was used to conduct 24 semi-structured interviews. Data was analysed and interpreted using pure qualitative document and thematic analysis.
The overarching findings indicate that the best interest of child offenders with psychiatric disorders, in the South African child justice system, are unprotected. This vulnerable group is not dealt with from an individualised, case-specific, multi-disciplinary perspective; informed by legislation, practice-policy, and a service-orientated approach. Further, certain domestic legislation and methods of practice are inadequate in holistically assessing a child who comes into conflict with the law in the jurisdictions of comparison.
Further findings identified that biological, psychological, environmental, cultural, and social factors influence the development of psychiatric disorders in children, which may bring them into conflict with the law. This study further confirmed that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Intellectual Development Disorder, Learning Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder are prevalent in children who
iv
come into conflict with the law. Further, substance abuse disorder, depression and attachment disorder were identified as predominant factors affecting children who come into conflict with the law. The influence of these factors, in conjunction with biological, psychological, environmental, cultural, and social factors, were found to predispose children to psychiatric disorders linked to criminal behaviour.
Thus, to meet the best interest standard; children in conflict with the law must be dealt with using a multi-factorial approach which considers biological, environmental, social, cultural, and psychological factors. In this way, the behaviour of child offenders with psychiatric disorders will be addressed holistically in a manner that considers all factors influencing behaviour. The empirical data supported the recommendations used to develop a trans-disciplinary framework for child offenders with psychiatric disorders. / Olu phononongo lwesi sifundo lujolise ekuphuhliseni isakhelo somthetho ophuculiweyo, iindlela zokusebenza kunye neenkonzo ukwenzela ukunikezela ezona zilungileyo iimfuno zabantwana abangabaphuli-mthetho benengulo yesifo sengqondo kwinkqubo yobulungisa yabantwana eMzantsi Afrika. Le njongo yaphunyezwa ngokwenziwa kwezifundo ezisemgangathweni ezahlola umthetho wobulungisa kubantwana kunye nomthetho olawula ezempilo ngokwengqondo, iindlela zokusebenza, abathathi-nxaxheba kunye neenkonzo eMzantsi Afrika. Ezi zathi ngoko zathelekiswa nomthetho, umsebenzi abathathi-nxaxheba kunye neenkonzo eNamibia, eBotswana, kunye naseNigeria ukufumanisa ukuba iimfanelo ezizizo zabantwana abangabaphuli-mthetho abaneengxaki zengqondo bayanakekelwa ngoku eMzantsi Afrika.
Ukuqokelelwa kweenkcukacha kwenzeka kumanqanaba amabini: uhlalutyo lwemiqulu yomthetho, umgaqo-nkqubo kunye nenkqubo; Ukucazululwa kwamaxwebhu/kwemiqulu omthetho, umgaqo-nkqubo kunye neenkqubo ezikhethiweyo zothelekiso kulawulo lwezobulungisa, lilandelwe ludliwano-ndlebe olungahlelwanga ngokupheleleyo neengcaphephe/neengcali zezobulungisa lwabantwana kunye nemilo yezengqondo.
Kwinqanaba lokuqala umphandi ucazulule umthetho wobulungisa kubantwana kunye nempilo yezengqondo, ukhuseleko lwamalungelo oluntu.kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ehambelana/ enxulumene nobulungisa kubantwana eNigeria, eBotswana, eNamibia naseMzantsi Afrika. Ukongezelela walugocagoca uncwadi olubhekisele kubulungisa babantwana nezempilo yezengqondo kulawulo lwezobulungisa Eli nqanaba libe sisiseko soludwe lwenkqubo yodliwano-ndlebe olungamiselwanga ngokupheleleyo.
Isampulu enenjongo neyingcingane yasetyenziswa ukuze kuqhutywe udliwano-ndlebe olungama-24 olungahlelwanga ngokupheleleyo. Ulwazi (idata) lwacalulwa lwacaciswa kusetyenziswa uxwebhu olusemgangathweni kunye nocalulo (analysis) olusemxholweni. Iziphumo ezicacileyo/eziqaqambileyo eziluphahla zibonisa ukuba okukokona kulungele abantwana abangabaphuli-mthetho abaneengxaki zezengqondo, abakhuselekanga kwinkqubo yezobulungisa babantwana eMzantsi Afrika. Eli qela lingakhuselekanga alivelelwa ngokomntu neengxaki zakhe yedwa, ngokwengxaki yakhe ngokuthe ngqo kusetyenziswe indlela ezahlukileyo ezilawulwa ngumthetho, ngumgaqo-nkqubo osebenzayo nokuvelela ngendlela yokuziqhelanisa nemeko. Ukuya phambili, eminye yemithetho yasekhaya neendlela zokusebenza azonelanga ekuhloleni ngokupheleleyo kumntwana ohlangabezana nokuphikisana nomthetho kummandla wothelekiso.
Kuphinde kwafunyaniswa ukuba iimeko zozalo, zengqondo, zendawo, zenkcubeko nezentlalo ziyaziphembelela iingxaki zezengqondo ezivelayo ebantwaneni, ezinokwenza baphikisane nomthetho. Olu phononongo luqhubeka lungqina ukuba ukunganiki ngqalelo kwingxaki yokuphaphazela, ingxaki yokukhula kwengqiqo, ingxaki yokufunda, ingxaki yenkcaso yokulungileyo/ ukudelela kunye nengxaki yokuziphatha zixhaphakile kubantwana (abonayo) abaphikisana nomthetho. Ingxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi, ingcinezelo kunye nokuxhomekeka ziye zaphawulwa njengeemeko ezixhaphakileyo ezikhathaza abantwana abalwa nomthetho (abonayo). Iimpembelelo zezi meko, zidibene neemeko zozalo, zezengqondo, zendawo, zenkcubeko nezentlalo, zifunyenwe zilungiselela kwangaphambili abantwana kwezi ngxaki zezengqondo zithungelene ekuziphatheni ngokolwaphulo-mthetho.
Ngoko ke ukuhlangabezana nomgangatho ofanelekileyo nobalulekileyo, ebhekelela abantwana abaphikisana nomthetho (abonayo) makusetyenzwe ngabo kusetyenziswe indlela ejongene neemeko ezininzi ezibandakanya iimeko zozalo, zendawo, zentlalo, zenkcubeko kunye nezengqondo. Ngale ndlela abantwana abaphula umthetho abanengxaki yezengqondo baya kuncedwa ngokupheleleyo ngendlela ebandakanya zonke iimeko eziphembelela ukuziphatha. Idatha ekholose ngamava avela kumava nokuboniweyo ixhasa izindululo ezenziweyo zokumisa isakhelo esisebenza kulo lonke uqeqesho lomntwana ophikisana nomthetho (owonayo) onengxaki yezengqondo. / Patlisiso ena e reretswe ho hlahisa moralo wa molao o ntlafetseng, mekgwa ya tshebetso le ditshebeletso bakeng sa molemo wa batlodi ba molao bao e leng bana ba nang le mathata a kelello tshebeletsong ya toka ya bana Afrika Borwa. Morero ona o fihletswe ka boithuto ba boleng, bo lekantseng melao ya toka ya bana le ya bophelo bo botle ba kelello, mekgwa ya tshebetso, baamehi le ditshebeletso Afrika Borwa. Tsona di ile tsa bapiswa le melao, tshebetso, baamehi le ditshebeletso dinaheng tsa Namibia, Botswana le Nigeria ho fumana hore na melemo e loketseng ya batlodi ba molao bao e leng bana ba nang le mathata a kelello e ya fumaneha hajwale Afrika Borwa.
Pokeletso ya dintlha e etsahetse ka mekgahlelo e mmedi: manollo ya ditokomane tsa molao, melawana le mekgwatshebetso dibakeng tse kgethilweng tsa papiso tsa semolao; ho latetswe ke di-inthavu tse sa hlophiswang le ditsebi tsa toka ya bana le tsa molao wa bophelo bo botle ba kelello. Mokgahlelong wa pele mofuputsi o ile a manolla molao wa toka ya bana le wa bophelo bo botle ba kelello, ditshireletso tsa ditokelo tsa botho le melawana e amanang le toka ya bana dinaheng tsa Nigeria, Botswana, Namibia le South Africa. Ho feta moo, o ile a batlisisa dingolwa tse mabapi le toka ya bana le bophelo bo botle ba kelello dibakeng tse ka bapiswang tsa semolao. Mokgahlelo ona o bile motheo wa lenane la di-inthavu tse sa hlophiswang. Ho sebedisitswe mokgwa wa disampole wa kgetho le wa theho ya thiori ho etsa di-inthavu tse 24 tse sa hlophiswang. Dintlha di manollotswe le ho tolokwa ka manollo e sa tswakwang ya boleng ba ditokomane le ditema.
Diphetho tse akaretsang di supa hore melemo e nepahetseng ya batlodi ba molao bao e leng bana ba nang le mathata a kelello ha e ya sireletswa moralong wa toka ya bana wa Afrika Borwa. Sehlopha sena se kotsing ha se sebetswe ka tjhebo ya bo-motho ka mong, ya kgetsi e kgethehileng, ya mafapha a mangata e tshehedistsweng ke molao, molawana wa tshebetso le tjhebo ya tshebetso. Ho feta moo, melao e meng ya lehae le mekgwa ya tshebetso e ne e fokola bakeng sa ho lekola ngwana ka tsela e felletseng, ya iphumanang a le kgahlano le molao dibakeng tsa semolao tse neng di bapiswa.
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Ho boetse ha fumanwa hore dintlha tsa tlhaho, kelello, tikoloho, setso le botjhaba di susumetso tlhaho ya bokudi ba kelello baneng, e leng ho etsang hore ba iphumane ba le kgahlano le molao. Boithuto bona hape bo tiisitse hore bokudi ba tlholeho ya tsepamiso le ketso e fetang tekano, bokudi ba kgolo ya bohlale, bokudi ba ho ithuta, bokudi ba ho ba kgahlano le ba bang le bokudi ba boitshwaro bo bongata bakeng ba iphumanang ba le kgahlano le molao. Bokudi ba tshebediso e mpe ya tahi kapa dithethefatsi, tshithabelo ya maikutlo le bokudi ba kgokahano di fumanwe e le mabaka a mantlha a amang bana ba qwaketsanang le molao. Tshusumetso ya dintlha tsena, hammoho le dintlha tsa tlhaho, kelello, tikoloho, setso le botjhaba, di fumanwe e le hore di pepesa bana ho bokudi ba mafu a kelello a amanngwang le botlokotsebe.
Kahoo, e le ho ka fihlella maemo a melemo e nepahetseng, bana ba kgahlano le molao ba lokela ho sebetswa ka mokgwa wa ditsela tse fapaneng tse ngata, o kenyeletsang dintlha tsa tlhaho, tikoloho, setso, botjhaba le kelello. Ka mokgwa ona, batlodi ba molao bao e leng bana ba nang le bokudi ba kelello ba tla shejwa le ho sebetswa ka mokgwa o phethahetseng o kenyelletsang dintlha tsohle tse susumetsang boitshwaro. Dintlha tse bokelleditsweng di tsheheditse ditlhahiso tse sebedisitsweng ho hlahisa moralo wa makala a fapaneng bakeng sa batlodi ba molao bao e leng bana ba nang le bokudi ba kelello. / Criminology and Security Science / D. Phil. (Criminal Justice)
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Die impak van die MIV/VIGS-pandemie op sekere aspekte van die Suid-Afrikaanse kinderregLüneburg, Liezel 31 March 2008 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans / Die MIV/vigs-pandemie in Suid-Afiika- van die ergste in die wereld- toon geen tekens van
afname nie. Miljoene kinders is reeds of wees gelaat of hewig geaffekteer deur die magdom
impakte daarvan op gesinne en gemeenskappe. Die epidemie het voortdurend stygende
sterftesyfers tot gevolg en die hewige las van die siekte rus swaar op MIV-positiewe sowel as
MIV-negatiewe individue. Verder word tradisionele ondersteuningsnetwerke oorbelaai en/of
gaan hulle tot niet. Gesinne en gemeenskappe verloor hul ekonomiese, sosiale en kulturele
lewensvatbaarheid. Die pandemie hou, veral onder die armes, 'n geweldige bedreiging vir die
gesondheid, welstand en regte van babas, kinders en jongmense in. 'n Groot gedeelte van die
impak van MIV/vigs hou verband met die feit dat sommige kinders en hul gesinne beperkte
toegang tot die elemente van 'n gesonde omgewing en goeie gesondheid het. Regerings,
gemeenskappe en gesinne wat deur MIV/vigs geraak word, het minder tyd, energie en
finansiële hulpbronne beskikbaar om op voorkomende gesondheidsorg te fokus. Benewens die
impak op gesondheidstatus, word kinders se omstandighede ook as gevolg van MIV/vigsverwante
probleme bemoeilik. Dit sluit verhoogde gesinsarmoede, 'n hoer risiko van verlating
en weeslating, geforseerde migrasie, onterwing, sielkundige trauma, uitsluiting en
diskriminasie, en fisiese en seksuele mishandeling in. Die derde vlaag van die epidemie, welke
vlaag nou betree word, word gekenmerk deur 'n ontsettende hoe sterftesyfer, 'n ontploffing in
die getal sorgbehoewende en weeskinders en 'n verhoging in menslike pyn en lyding. Die reg
speel 'n baie belangrike rol in die beperking van hierdie impak van die MIV/vigs-pandemie op
die lewens van alle kinders. MIV/vigs-reg is in die proses van evolusie of vorming en reeds
bestaande teorieë kan aangewend word ten einde sekere vrae te beantwoord en probleme
daaromtrent aan te spreek. Tog is daar 'n dringende behoefte aan MIV/vigs-spesifieke
wetgewing en teorieë ten einde die impak van die pandemie op alle vlakke suksesvol te
beheer. Verder het die Kinderreg so 'n mate van ontwikkeling bereik dat daar algemeen
aanvaar word dat kinders 'n spesiale belangegroep binne die gemeenskap vorm. Die regsreëls
met betrekking tot kinders verander gedurig en is ook nie geskik om volgens die tradisionele
wyse, as privaat- of publiekreg, geklassifiseer te word nie. In die hieropvolgende proefskrif
word die impak van MIV/vigs op sekere publiekregtelike, maar oorwegend privaatregtelike
aspekte van die Suid-Afiikaanse kinderreg ondersoek, sowel as enkele metodes waarop die
reg moontlik hierdie impak kan absorbeer en hanteer. Daar word ook in aparte hoofstukke na
die impak van MIV/vigs op die lewens van kinders. sorgbehoewende kinders, egskeiding en
die ouer-kind-verhouding verwys
The HIV/aids pandemic in South Africa - one of the worst in the world - does not seem to be decreasing. Millions of children have already been either orphaned or heavily affected by the numerous impacts on families and communities associated with it. The epidemic brings on an ever-increasing mortality rate and the extreme burden thereof weighs down heavily on HIV-positive as well as HIV-negative individuals. Traditional support networks are further being heavily burdened or perish entirely. Families and communities lose their economical, social and cultural viability. The pandemic threatens, especially among the poorest, the health, wellbeing and rights of infants, children and young people. The impact of HIV/aids is to a great extent the result of the fact that some children and their families do not have sufficient access to a healthy environment and good health. Governments, communities and families affected by HIV/aids have less time, energy and financial resources available in order to enable them to focus on preventive healthcare. In addition to the impact on health status, children's circumstances are also being encumbered by HIV/aids-related problems, including family poverty, a higher risk of being abandoned or orphaned, forced migration, disinheritance, psychological trauma, ostracism and discrimination and physical and sexual abuse. The third wave of the epidemic, which wave is presently being experienced, is characterised by a high mortality rate, an increasing amount of children in need of care and orphaned children and an increase in human pain and suffering. The law plays an important role in the limitation of the impact of the HIV/aids pandemic on the lives of children. HIV/aids law is in the process of evolution or forming and existing theories can be used in order to answer certain questions and address certain issues relating to it. However, there is an urgent need for HIV/aids-specific legislation and theories in order to successfully manage the impact of the pandemic on all levels. Child law has also reached such an extent of development that children is now viewed as a special interest group within the community. The legal principles regarding children change constantly and cannot be classified in the traditional way, which is either as private or public law. In this thesis the impact of HIV/aids on certain aspects of the public and private law pertaining to children is examined. Ways in which the impact can be absorbed and managed by the law is also examined. The impact of HIV/aids on divorce, the parent-child relationship, children in need of care, and the impact of HIV/aids on the lives of children is examined in separate chapters. / Jurisprudence / LL. D.
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Dealing with sexually abused children: a framework for social workers in the South African justice systemMakhubu, Lindiwe Yvonne 12 1900 (has links)
The South African Justice System is a broader system that brings law and order to society. This law and order also includes the constitutional rights of the sexually abused children. A special court dealing with cases of children who are sexually abused is functioning throughout the country.
The purpose of this study is to develop a framework for social workers working with children in these special courts. The problem identified is that in these courts no framework exists for social workers focusing on the guidance of the child through the processes of the Justice System. This includes the therapeutic guidance by means of brief or directive therapy.
The research methodology for this study focused on developmental research by using the Intervention research model of Rothman and Thomas (1994). The phases implemented in the study were Problem analysis and project planning, information gathering and synthesis and design.
Qualitative data was gathered by means of semi-structured interviews and integrated in phase two of the research report. A proto-type guideline was developed and needs to be evaluated in future research. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Play Therapy)
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