Much research has been done within the field of Education on how to integrate Human Rights in education, both as a class subject and as a value system. Similarly, the research field of Education also contains many discussions of how “critical thinking” is taught and what its role in education is and should be. This thesis instead approaches the topic from “the other way round” so to speak, by using a “human rights lens” to explore ethical and political views on the goals of education generally and the role of critical thinking in education particularly, as they appear within a particular educational context – Rwanda’s education system. The philosophy of education of utilitarianism and that of Martha Nussbaum’s Capability Approach are here compared and contrasted with each other and act as a theoretical framework for understanding the Rwandan education system as it appears through the reading of policy documents and through the experience of a selected group of Rwandan primary and secondary school students. The thesis argues that an ethically acceptable and stable philosophy of education should spring from a conception of human beings as ends and not means. Starting with such a conception of human beings, the goal of education becomes that of developing each individual’s capabilities to their fullest potential. Additionally, the thesis argues that the role of critical thinking in education should be regarded as central, as the capability for critical thinking enhances the flourishing of other human capabilities.

Corporal punishment is a worldwide problem. The purpose withthis thesis is to promote a constructive discussion about the problem andconnect this to children’s rights. This gives the possibility to start adiscussion about suggestions and measures to reduce the problem. Thetheory is that corporal punishment is used as a disciplinary method tochange behavior. Children’s rights is regulated by conventions and nationallaws. The method is to conduct an analysis with interpretations andcommentaries of the research materials from South Africa and Sweden.The conclusion is that those who are positive to corporal punishment thinksit is an efficient working method, and it is about children’s safety. Thosewho are negative have experienced that alternative methods works. Asuggestion is to involve children in the work with children’s rights andeducate them in human and children’s rights with focus on obligations andresponsibility.

This study aims to find research relating to the use of children’s literature to promote vocabulary development in young children, particularly English language learners in Sweden. The main questions address how (methods) children’s literature can be used and why (reasons) children’s literature is often recommended for the teaching of vocabulary to young learners. The study also aims to explore reasons against the use of children’s literature in vocabulary teaching found in previous research. A systematic literature review was carried out, including results from five empirical studies. The studies involved native speakers, second language learners and foreign language learners from various backgrounds. The results suggest that while research has shown children’s literature to be a good tool to use with young learners, careful lesson planning needs to be carried out. Direct instruction and scaffolding using pictures, technology and gestures is recommended. Hence, the teacher plays an important part for the vocabulary development using children’s literature in the classroom.

This study carried out in one children’s home in Finland. This study aims to understand how the caregivers collectively perceive their work to secure and construct the childhood of the children living in the children’s home. Furthermore, the study mainly includes caregiver’s perceptions and practices of upbringing of children in the children’s home, which have been thoroughly analysed in the study. The study follows carefully designed two qualitative research methods: focus group interview and text for data collection. The data comprise one focus group interview of seven child care workers that includes five discussion questions about children’s home, listening to the children, importance of rules, regulations and daily routines, children’s future and difficulties in the work. References have been given to the ‘text’, i.e. institution’s policy documents- rules and regulations and the Finnish Child Welfare Act for the analysis of the data. However, the study does not include the analysis of the ‘text’ itself. Moreover, thematic analysis is used for data analysis. The study highlights that understanding childhood comprise the process of trust building between children and care workers- allowing children’s voice, agency, independence and protection respecting the child rights, personal integrity with the provision of safe home, trustable adults and permanent routines and individual child care plan. In addition, the same body ‘caregiver’ who, at the same time, allows child autonomy, agency and independence, also regulates the children’s everyday life, controls children and creates limitation, bridge trust and protect them from developing deviancy and asocial behaviours. Such process gives special consideration to the children’s psychological as well as physical incompetency such as age, immaturity and the vulnerable past in the children’s home that partly creates dilemmas/conflicts in delivering full agency to the children as mentioned in the legal frame work. The study reveals that building trust takes place through interaction between children and care workers and is a long-term process that backs up bringing corrective experiences in children. Listening to the children means helping and teaching them to recognise own feelings, emotions and stand independent and strong for oneself in the future. Likewise, respect to the child rights and organising everyday life delivers protection and safety net to the children. The study reveals, despites various difficulties at work, such as changing welfare act, complicated bureaucracy, unlimited parental rights and surprising legal interference, the child workers have the professional as well as moral obligations to protect children and provide them a safe and intact growing environment. Finally, the study reveals that future of the children is based on the personal choices they make in future and only a few of them will have relatively better life than others. However, all of the children are always under potential risk of post-traumatic collapses.   Keywords: childhood, child perspective, agency, children’s voice, building trust.

No description available.

One of the most important indicators that characterize moral and social position of a state is criminality. Violence or compulsion, especially against children, have already become one of the most painful problems in our society. Respect to a person’s life and the surrounding world, health, or views, like many other human values, have lost their real value, not only in terms of a separate individual and family, but also in the behaviour and consciousness of all society. However, it can be clearly defined that punishing a child by physical punishments leads him to the other status in society, i.e. lower than of adults. This paper deals with the spreading of violence against children in Kėdainiai. The theoretical part presents the definitions of violence and compulsion. The second part concentrates on the forms of agression and the display of them. The third part outlines the factors which influence violence and compulsion. The fourth part discusses the existing situation in Kėdainiai, and finally, the fifth part presents the ways of violence prevention and provides suggestions how to improve the existing situation. In order to try to stop violence against children, it is necessary to explain actively the phenomena of violence to the society and the children themselves, change the traditional opinion of the society, by stressing the fact that violence and compulsion in a family and society are not only the matters of the family. The view of the society towards children is... [to full text]

Darbe atskleidžiami pažangos ir pasiekimų vertinimo muzikos mokyklose ypatumai, problemos su kuriomis susiduria mokytojai vertindami mokinius muzikos mokyklose, pažangos ir pasiekimų vertinimo tobulinimo kryptys. Baigiamojo darbo tikslas – išsiaiškinti pažangos ir pasiekimų vertinimo muzikos mokyklose ypatumus. Darbo tikslui pasiekti iškelti šie uždaviniai: išanalizuoti neformalaus ugdymo sampratą, išanalizuoti mokinių pažangos ir pasiekimų vertinimo sampratą, apžvelgti vertinimo reikšmę neformalaus muzikinio ugdymo procesui ir mokslo literatūros analizės pagrindu parengti tyrimo instrumentą, leidžiantį nustatyti pažangos ir pasiekimų vertinimo tendencijas, vyraujančias muzikos mokyklose. Tyrimo objektas – pažangos ir pasiekimų vertinimas muzikos mokyklose. Išanalizavus mokslinę literatūra ir atlikus anketinę apklausą Šiaulių miesto muzikos mokyklose gautos tokios išvados: neformalusis ugdymas – yra kryptinga veikla, kuria, plėtojant jauno žmogaus asmenines, socialines ir edukacines kompetencijas, siekiama ugdyti sąmoningą asmenybę, sugebančią atsakingai ir kūrybingai spręsti savo problemas ir aktyviai dalyvauti visuomenės gyvenime. Muzikos mokykla – specializuota įstaiga, vykdanti muzikinio ugdymo programas ir užtikrinanti ugdymo kokybę, galimybę įgyti kompetenciją. Vertinimas – informacijos rinkimas, interpretavimas ir apibendrinimas tam, kad būtų galima padaryti sprendimus. Muzikos mokyklose naudojamas norminis vertinimo tipas, kriterinis vertinimo tipas, idiografinis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The Paper reveals peculiarities of assessment of progress and attainments at music schools, problems faced by teachers when assessing students at music schools, trends of development of progress and attainments assessment. Aim of the Final Paper – to find out what are the peculiarities of assessment of progress and attainments at music schools. The following tasks have been set in order to achieve the aforementioned aim: to analyse the conception of informal education, to analyse the conception of assessment of students’ progress and attainments, to review the importance of assessment within the process of informal musical education and to prepare a research instrument allowing to determine the tendencies of assessment of progress and attainments prevailing at music schools on the basis of analysis of scientific readings. Research subject – assessment of progress and attainments at music schools. Upon analysis of scientific readings and completion of questionnaires at Šiauliai city music schools, the following conclusions have been obtained: informal education is a purposeful activity by means of which it is sought to educate a conscious personality capable of solving one’s problems with responsibility and creativity and participating in the public life actively by developing personal, social, and educational competencies of a young person. Music school is a specialized institution implementing musical education programmes and ensuring the quality of education, a possibility... [to full text]

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur barnperspektivet används i det dagliga arbetet. Avsikten är också att undersöka hur barnens inflytande ser ut över de beslut som fattas kring deras livssituation. Studien genomfördes genom intervjuer med socialsekreterare på socialtjänsten. Teorin som användes är systemteori, även barnperspektivet och ett teoretiskt perspektiv på dominansförhållanden i samtal med barn tillämpas. Med hjälp av ovan nämnda teorier och teoretiska perspektiv analyseras och förklaras hur socialsekreterarna använder barnperspektivet. Resultatet visar att socialsekreterarna använder barnperspektivet i begränsad omfattning men att det finns en ambition att alltid utgå från barnets bästa. / The aim of this study is to examine how social workers use the child’s perspective in their daily work. The purpose is also to examine how the children are able to influence the decisions made about their lives. The study is conducted using a qualitative approach. The theory used is system theory and two theoretical perspectives: children’s perspective and the fact that there is a dominance relationship in conversations with children. The conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that social workers use children's perspective on a limited basis but there is an ambition to always proceed in a manner on the child’s best.

Child-on-child sexual abuse is seen as a severe social as well as a psychological problem, because of the current increasing dimension of sexual abuse in South-Africa. If the profile of a sexually abusive child in a children’s home is known, the individual development plan for the specific child can be accurately determined, in order to insure that the child receives the correct intervention. The risk that other children may be exposed to sexual abuse or sexual inappropriate behaviour might decrease, if the profile of a sexually abusive child in a children’s home is known. The purpose of the research study was to focus on child-on-child sexual abuse in a children’s home, explaining to the reader the reasons and consequences of child-on-child sexual abuse and also to determine a profile of a child-on-child sexual abuser in a children’s home. The researcher followed a qualitative approach. Four children who are or were perpetrators in child-on-child sexual abuse in a children’s home were intensively studied. Six social workers working with sexually abused children in children’s homes were interviewed. The interviews with the participants in the study focused on the following main themes: Theme 1 Removal of children from parental care Theme 2 Child-on-child sexual abuse in children’s homes Theme 3 The child as sexual perpetrator in a children’s home Theme 4 Intervention that the children received Theme 5 Reasons why children abuse other children Theme 6 Consequences of child-on-child sexual abuse Theme 7 A profile of the child-on-child sexual abuser in a children’s home The results of the data were devided into subthemes for detailed clarification of the respondents’s experiences in order to make usefull recommendations. / Thesis (MSW (Forensic Practice))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Child-on-child sexual abuse is seen as a severe social as well as a psychological problem, because of the current increasing dimension of sexual abuse in South-Africa. If the profile of a sexually abusive child in a children’s home is known, the individual development plan for the specific child can be accurately determined, in order to insure that the child receives the correct intervention. The risk that other children may be exposed to sexual abuse or sexual inappropriate behaviour might decrease, if the profile of a sexually abusive child in a children’s home is known. The purpose of the research study was to focus on child-on-child sexual abuse in a children’s home, explaining to the reader the reasons and consequences of child-on-child sexual abuse and also to determine a profile of a child-on-child sexual abuser in a children’s home. The researcher followed a qualitative approach. Four children who are or were perpetrators in child-on-child sexual abuse in a children’s home were intensively studied. Six social workers working with sexually abused children in children’s homes were interviewed. The interviews with the participants in the study focused on the following main themes: Theme 1 Removal of children from parental care Theme 2 Child-on-child sexual abuse in children’s homes Theme 3 The child as sexual perpetrator in a children’s home Theme 4 Intervention that the children received Theme 5 Reasons why children abuse other children Theme 6 Consequences of child-on-child sexual abuse Theme 7 A profile of the child-on-child sexual abuser in a children’s home The results of the data were devided into subthemes for detailed clarification of the respondents’s experiences in order to make usefull recommendations. / Thesis (MSW (Forensic Practice))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.